高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结含答案.docx
- 文档编号:5244453
- 上传时间:2022-12-14
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:27.70KB
高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结含答案.docx
《高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结含答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结含答案.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结含答案
高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结
解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是:
1、浏览全文 把握语篇
浏览全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填 先易后难
在通读全文,基本了解文章大意之后,就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空,先跳过去,等检查时再仔细对付,不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查 清除难点
有时间的话,进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是:
将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读,以最后确定答案。
另外,一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
技巧指导
语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型,这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况:
一种为已给单词提示,一种为不给单词提示。
本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究,总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。
单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。
在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一:
名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1:
There are many students living at school, the__(child)houses are all far from school.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren's。
技巧二:
动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例2:
Atalk__(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三:
代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。
另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例3:
The king decided to see the painter by__(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四:
形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。
构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀-er和-est,或在词前加more/less和most/least,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例4:
I am__(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五:
数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。
例To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall
take a__(three).
从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六:
词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。
这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例6:
Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very__(happiness).
在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词,由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un-,就成了unhappy。
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七:
固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7:
The children were playing on the ground, enjoying__,dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enjoy oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。
例8:
His boss was__angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to,所以,so是正解。
技巧八:
从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9:
He did not do__his father had asked him to do.
审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从句中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。
例10:
Those__want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who。
技巧九:
短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例11:
The US consists__fifty states.
根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由……组成”,所以答案是of。
例12:
Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take__of her.
生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十:
短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语,如:
except for, due to等。
例13:
Mr Smith took a plane to London__of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。
例14:
Just then, he saw a blackboard in__of him.
细心观察,可以看出填入front即可构成in front of,此题得解。
技巧十一:
连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等,
常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。
例15:
Little Wang Jun could not go to school, __his family was too poor.
此处表示原因,引导的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。
例16:
__Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and,故答案为Both。
技巧十二:
冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:
however,never,yet,much等,但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。
例17:
Jackie likes to drive at__high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。
例18:
Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him__Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。
例19:
Though Liu Qiang did the same work__Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay__Zhang
第一条横线可由前面的the sanle判断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义,故答案为than。
例20:
It was only one day left,__,his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以答案是however。
技巧十三:
上下文中出现的相关词。
这一招是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。
学生可以根据上下文;关系和自己积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的,地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。
如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。
例21:
Tony__travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。
上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
希望能帮到你。
1、
语法填空专练
(一)
阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
(1)Using Garbage as a Fuel Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The ____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!
But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning garbage can _____8____ the air.
Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.
(2 )
The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__3____ her long and hard learning period.
I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __4____(bravety). Maybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance __5____ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__6____ courage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__7____ learning:
on the contrary, she had made continual __8____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. __9____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __10____(lose) them soon because this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
(3)
(1)Thevillagersalllookforwardto________(benefit)fromtherailwaytobebuiltintheirvillage.
(2)Itjustrains___________(slight).Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoubringyourumbrellaornot.
(3)_________amazedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
(4)Thetrainruns________theforestsand_________themountains.
(4)
Mostscientiststhinktheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”14.5and3.8billionyearsago,thedustsettledinto2solidglobe,3explodedwithfireandrockandformedtheearth’atmosphere.
Asthewaterappearedontheearth,the4(harm)gasesandacidswasdissolvedintotheoceansandseas,whichmadeitpossibleforlife5(develop)ontheearth.
Manymillionsofyears6,thefirstplanetsappearedonthewaterandtheyproducedoxygen.Thankstotheoxygen,allkindsoflife7(appear)ontheearth.Until2.6millionyearsago,thehumanbeing’sancestorsbegantodevelopallovertheearthoneafteranother.Buttheir8(activity)producedtoomuchdioxideintotheair,9(cause)globalwarmingproblem.Sotheearthwillbe10danger.
三、语法填空专练
(二)
(1)
IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people____1____(report)tobebillionaires(亿万富翁)in2003.The____2_____oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehismoney____3____startingthecompanyMicrosoft.Mr.Gateswasonly21yearsold_____4____hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976.Hewasabillionaire_____5___thetimehewas31.
____6____,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemadelotsofmoneyateven____7____(young)ages.OtheryoungpeoplewhohavestruckitrichincludeJackieCooganandShirleyTemple.____8____ofthesechildactorsmadeoveramilliondollars___9____(act)inmoviesbeforetheywere14.But___10___youngestbillionaireisAlbertvonThurnundTaxisofGermany,who,in2001,inherited(继承)abilliondollarswhenheturned18!
(2)
Finishingtheirshoppingatthemall,acouplediscoveredthattheirnewcar____1_____(steal).Theyfiledareport____2____thepolicestationandadetectivedrovethem____3____totheparkinglottolookforevidence.
Totheir____4____(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned___5____therewasanoteinitthatsaid:
“Iapologizefortakingyourcar.MywifewashavingababyandIhadtorushhertothe____6_____.Pleaseforgettheinconvenience.Therearetwotickets____7____tonight'sManiaTwainconcert.”
Theirfaithinhumanityrestored.Thecoupleattended____8____concert.Butwhentheyreturnedhome,theyimmediatelyfound____9______theirhousehadbeenransacked(洗劫).Onthebathroommirrorwas____10_____note:
“Ihavetoputmykidthroughcollegesomehow,don'tI?
”
(3)
People__
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高中英语 语法 填空 解题 技巧 总结 答案