人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识.docx
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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识.docx
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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识
Grammar
DirectandIndirectSpeechⅠ直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
直接引语(directspeech):
直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。
间接引语(indirectspeech):
用自己的话转述别人的话。
1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”
ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.
2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?
”
Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.
3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?
”
SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.
直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
陈述句
用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。
Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”
HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.
Shesaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”
Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.
陈述句解题步骤:
“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.
Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat
(Idon’tlikecomputers.)
Shedidn’t
Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.
一般疑问句
间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原
主句中谓语动词said要改为asked
(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序
Tomsaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficulty
withEnglish?
”
Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadany
difficultywithEnglish.
Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,
aren’tyou?
”
HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
一般疑问句解题步骤:
Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?
(Theyaskedhim)
Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.
Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)
Askediswas
Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.
特殊疑问句
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。
Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?
”
HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.
Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesare
thereinyourcountry?
”
Heaskedushowmanyfactoriesthere
wereinourcountry.
特殊疑问句解题步骤:
Whendoyouharvestthewheat?
(Theyaskedhim)
TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat
(youharvestthewheat.)
he
Harvested
Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.
选择疑问句
用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)
Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?
”
HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.
Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?
”
Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.
谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点:
1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”
Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变。
Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”
Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.
3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,在引述时,时态不变。
Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”
Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.
Driectspeech
Indirect speech
Sentence
structure
statement
say/tell sb. (that) +从句
一般疑问句
ask/wonder whether/if +陈述句语序
特殊疑问句
ask/wonder wh-word +陈述句语序
在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化
1.注意时态的变化
2.注意人称和指示代词变化
3.注意时间和地点的变化
4.注意个别趋向动词的变化
Hesaidhe…
playedfootball
wasplaying
hadplayed
hadplayed
wouldplay
hadplayed
Attention:
Therearesomecasesinwhichwedon’tneedtochangethetenseinindirectspeech.
Whendirectspeechisabout:
a)atruth真理
b)atimetable时间表
c)asaying/proverb/quotation格言/引用语
d)Anadverbialindicatingthepast过去的时间状语
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