英语六级大阅读 复习资料.docx
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英语六级大阅读 复习资料.docx
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英语六级大阅读复习资料
20160603TheChangingGeneration
[A]Itturnsouttoday'steenagersaren'tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSAWEEKEND'STeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents,lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!
Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD.
[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownathome,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.
[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople.
[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurveys.Still,inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND'Ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.
[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquish(拉帮结派的)environmentofhighschool).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens,statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."
[F]Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?
Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap".Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:
Mostkidsinthe'60sand70ssharedtheirparents,basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium(千年).Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears,Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.
[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.
[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.
[I]Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters——18-to24-year-olds——arewaydown:
Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote.
[J]Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不诚实的)"onestudentdeclared.Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said,"Ifeellikeonepersoncan'tdothatmuch,andIgettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."
[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.
[L]Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.
【】 36)Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.
【】 37)Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.
【】 38)Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.
【】 39)Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.
【】 40)Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.
【】 41)Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.
【】 42)Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon'twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.
【】 43)Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace.
【】 44)Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.
【】 45)Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters.
20160602ReformandMedicalCosts
[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystem—islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialandcrrorandincremental(渐进的)gains.
[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpshowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded,"Prettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures."
[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:
thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.
[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.
[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthe
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