英语英语 阅读理解的专项 培优 易错 难题练习题及答案解析.docx

英语英语 阅读理解的专项 培优 易错 难题练习题及答案解析.docx

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英语英语阅读理解的专项培优易错难题练习题及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.

   Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.

   Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame. Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.

   Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.

   InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.

   Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,andhisstory,abrilliantevidencetohowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeathseemedthepreferableoption.

（1）Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.

A. presentanargument                                       

B. makepreparationsforstatement

C. arousereaders'interest                                   

D. functionasabriefintroduction

（2）Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?

A. Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.

B. GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.

C. TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.

D. Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalt"ofhisbody.

（3）WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?

A. Glenntookrecoveryexerciseinhospital.     B. Glenninspiredpeoplewithhismovingstory.

C. GlennwonthefirstplaceinMarathon.        D. Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A. Strengthendetermination                               

B. Standupafterfailure

C. Goafterdreams                                                D. Facedifficultybravely

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。

文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”

（1）推理判断题。

根据第一段中Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.和Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。

故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。

根据第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”可知本文最佳主题是B项Standupafterfailure。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。

看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

2．阅读理解

   Imagineyourbodyislikethehouseyoulivein.Everyday,yourfamilycreatesrubbish.Therubbishbuildsupuntilitisputoutfortheweeklygarbagecollection.

   Now,sayyouputthreebagsofgarbageout,butbecauseoneofthecollectorswasawaysick,onlytwobagsarecollected.Youtaketheleftoverbaginsidetobeputoutagainnextweek.Thefollowingweekyouputoutanotherthreebags,plustheleftoverbagfromlastweek.Butagain,onlytwobagsarecollected.Imaginethiscycleisrepeatedoverthefollowingweeks.

   Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'tworkefficiently.Yourbodyisnotthoroughlyemptiedofwasteproducts.Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.

   It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.

   Kidney'smainjobistoremovetoxins（毒素）andunwantedwaterfromourblood.Everydayourkidneyscleananaverageof200litresofblood.Kidneyfailuremaybeagradualandsilentprocess,goingunnoticedbecausethereisnoapparentpain.

   Researchshowsthatmorethan25percentofpatientsfoundtorequiredialysis（透析）donotseeakidneyspecialistuntillessthan90daysbeforedialysisstarts.Someriskfactorsforkidneydiseasesuchasageandgeneticmake-upareoutofourcontrol;however,somechangesinlifestylemayhelppreventkidneydamage.Twomajorriskfactorsforkidneydisease,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,havebeenontheriseoverthelastfewdecades.Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.

（1）Theauthorgivestheexampleofthehouseweliveintoindicatethat________.

A. it'ssafeandharmlessforourbodytokeepsomewaste

B. itdoesn'tmattermuchifthewasteinourbodyisnotemptiedintime

C. it'simportantforourbodytoemptythewasteintimeeveryday

D. ourbodywillnotproduceanywasteifourkidneysworkefficiently

（2）Theunderlinedword"insidious"（inParagraph3）means________.

A. gradualandunnoticed                                    B. apparentandfast

C. smoothandsafe                                              

D. painfulandlong

（3）Wecaninferthatwhenwefindsomesymptomsrelatedtoourkidneys,________.

A. thekidneyfailurebegins

B. thekidneysmayhavebeenseriouslydamaged

C. wehavelostabout10percentofkidneyfunction

D. thekidneyscanstillworkproperly

（4）Howmanyfactorsofkidneydiseasearementionedinthepassage?

A. Three.                                    

B. Four.                                    

C. Five.                                    

D. Six.

（5）Whichofthefollowinghelpspreventkidneydamage?

A. Gotoseeakidneyspecialistshortlybeforedialysisstarts.

B. Gotoseeakidneyspecialistwheneveryoufindanywarningsign.

C. Trytokeeplowbloodpressureandastablelifestyle.

D. Takeenoughexerciseandmakeearlydetectionofkidneydisease.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'tworkefficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.”和第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"ageandgeneticmake-up,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,overweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,"衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。

故选D。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.”和第六段中的“Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   IvisitedElbalastJune,joiningMaryandJohnonabicyclingvacation.Theymadethearrangementsforthecar,hotelandbicycles.Istudiedthehistoryoftheisland,whichofcourseparticularlyfeaturesNapoleon.

   Napoleon（nowIknow）pickedElbaasaplaceforpeacewhenhewasforcedtogiveupthethrone（王权）asEmperorofFrancein1814.Farfrombeingaprisonisland,Elbaisbeautifulwithtoweringmountains,thickforestsandsweepingbaysandbeaches.

   Itisalsoanislandfilledwithtreasure.Veryearlyonthisisland,localsdiscoveredrichdepositsofiron.Soonoutsiders,too,discoveredtheironand150othervaluablemineralsonthislittlepieceofland.LongbeforeEtruscansandotherGreekssetfootonit,DorianshadmovedinbythetenthcenturyB.C.andwereminingtheisland.TheRomansrulednext,obtainingthemineralsandbuildinggrandhousesoverlookingthesea.Fromthetwelfthcenturyuntilthenineteenth,theislandwastradedbackandforthandwaspassedtoFrancein1802.ThencameNapoleon,thenewrulerofElba.

   IwaseagertovisithishouseinPortoferraio.TheEmperorlivedwithhiscourtandhismother,buthiswife,MarieLouisehadensconcedherselfinthesplendidViennesepalaceofherfather,EmperorofAustria.Shelivedsafelythereandshowedlittleinterestinvisitingherhusbandinhismini-kingdo