英语常见八种基本时态阐述及练习.docx
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英语常见八种基本时态阐述及练习.docx
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英语常见八种基本时态阐述及练习
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式,下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、一般现在时:
1.概念:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,
3.基本结构:
动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:
am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:
.Itseldom(很少)snowshere.
Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
Actionspeakslouderthanwords.
6.动词第三人称单数变化规则
动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。
规则一、一般在词尾加-s。
如:
looks,puts.reads,sees,skis等。
规则二、以-o,-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es。
如:
goes,does,misses,passes,mixes,fixes,pushes,wishes,watches,teaches,等。
规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。
注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。
如:
fly→flies,try→tries,fry→fries,copy→copiesbuy→buys,enjoy→enjoys,play→plays,say→says,pay→pays
二、一般过去时:
1.概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
3.基本结构:
be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:
was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:
Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.
Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.
三、现在进行时:
1.概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:
now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.
3.基本结构:
am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:
am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:
把be动词放于句首。
6.例句:
Howareyoufeelingtoday?
Heisdoingwellinhislessons.
四、过去进行时:
1.概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:
atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:
was/were+doing
4.否定形式:
was/were+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:
把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:
AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.
Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.
五、现在完成时:
1.概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:
recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.
3.基本结构:
have/has+done
4.否定形式:
have/has+not+done.
5.一般疑问句:
have或has。
6.例句:
I'vewrittenanarticle.
Ithasbeenrainingthesedays.
六、过去完成时:
1.概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:
before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.
3.基本结构:
had+done.
4.否定形式:
had+not+done.
5.一般疑问句:
had放于句首。
6.例句:
Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks
七、一般将来时:
1.概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:
tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本结构:
am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
4.否定形式:
was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:
Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.
Itisgoingtorain.
补充说明:
1.有些词如:
go(去),come(来),leave(离开),start(开始)用现在进行时表示将来时.
例如:
(1)Sheiscomingheretomorrow.
她明天将要来这儿.
(2).Whenareyouleavinghere?
你什么时间将要离开这儿?
2."Begoingto+动词原形+..."表示一个事先考虑好的意图,,相当于文中的"打算,计划,准备"
例如:
(1).IamgoingtospendmyholidayinBeijing.(这里不能用will)
我打算在北京度假.
(2).Whereareyougoingtospendyourholiday?
你将要到哪儿度假?
3.客观难以改变的事实,用will,而不用begoingto.
例如:
(1).Itwillraintomorrow.
明天将要下雨.
(2).ItwillbeTeachers'Daythedayaftertomorrow.
后天将是教师节.
(3).Mybirthdaywillcome.
我生日将要到了.
八、过去将来时:
1.概念:
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:
thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:
was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
4.否定形式:
was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑问句:
was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
6.例句:
HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
Iaskedwhowasgoingthere
一般现在时态练习巩固
1.写出下列动词的三单形式
go__________catch_________brush(刷)_____
wash___________do________like________
have___________watch________drink___________
fly___________say_______learn___________
eat___________read___________sing___________
buy__________study_______stay__________
make__________look____pass__________
carry__________come__________plant(种植)______
teach_______buy__________
2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Weoften___________(play)intheplayground.
2.He_________(get)upatsixo’clock.
3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.
4.What________(do)heusually______(do)afterschool?
5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.
6.Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.
7.Ateightatnight,sheoften__________(watch)TVwithhisparents.
8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?
9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?
10.Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework?
3.选择题
()1.I________toschoolat7:
00inthemorning.
A.goB.goingC.goes
()2.They_______bookseverydayinthelibrary.
A.readsB.readC.reading
()3.Themonkey________eatingbananasverymuch.
A.likeB.likesC.liking
()4.Myfather________toreadnewspaperaftersuppereveryday.
A.likeB.likesC.liking
()5.IlikewatchingTV,butmymother_________likeit.
A.don’tB.doesn’tC.does
()6.____________yourfatherdrinkmilkeveryday?
A.doB.areC.does
()7.Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.
A.don'trainB.didn'trainC.doesn'trainD.isn'train
()8.Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.
Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets()9.WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.
Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDlikinglisten()10.Jenny____Englisheveryevening.
AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied
4.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?
__________________
2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?
__________________
3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________
4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________
5.Shedon'tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________
5.把下列句子变成一般疑问句(并作肯定和否定回答)、否定句
例:
Ilikecooking.
→Doyoulikecooking?
Yes,Ido.
No,Idon't.
Idon'tlikecooking.
1.Myfriendslikeplayingsoccer.
2.TheyspeakEnglisheveryday.
3.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening
4.JohnisfromCanada.
5.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.
6.Mydogrunsfast.
7.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.
8.Shecanplaythepianowell.
一般过去时态巩固练习
1、单项选择
()1.Myfather______illyesterday.
A.isn'tB.aren'tC.wasn'tD.weren't
()2.______yourparentsathomelastweek﹖
A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were
()3.Thetwins______inDalianlastyear.They______herenow.
A.are;wereB.were;areC.was;areD.were;was
()4.______yourfatheratworktheday_____yesterday(
前天)﹖
A.Was;beforeB.Is;beforeC.Was;afterD.Is;after
()5.—WhowasondutylastFriday﹖—______.
A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn't
()6.Icleanedmyclassroom___________.
A.withthreehoursB.threehoursagoC.inthreehoursD.threehoursbefore
()7.Icame_______myhousetwodaysago.
A.backonB.backtoC.tobackD.back
()8.___________?
Hedidsomereadingathome.
A.Whatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayevening
B.Whatdoesyourbrotherdointheschool
C.Whatdidyourbrotherdoovertheweekend
D.WheredidyourbrothergolastSunday
()9.Whatdidyoudo________?
Iwenttothemovies.
AnextmorningBovertheweekendCintheweekendDnextMonday
()10.Thekoalasleeps_______,butgetsup_________.
A.duringtheday;attheeveningB.atdayduringnight
C.inthedayduringtheeveningD.duringthedayatnight
2、请用正确动词形式填空
1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.
2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?
No,she_________.
3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?
He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.
4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.
5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.
She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.
6.When________you_________(write)thissong?
I__________(write)itlastyear.
7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?
Yes,he_________.
9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?
It_________(benot)bad.
10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?
No.she__________.
3、翻译下列句子
1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I______________________________________excitingweekend.
2.Jenny喜欢看书。
昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jennylikes___________________.She_________anEnglishbooklastnight.
3.Emma每天都看电视。
可是昨天他没有看。
Emma__________TVeveryday.Buthe_________________________yesterday.
4.上周六他们做什么了?
他们做作业和购物了。
What________they__________________Saturday?
They___________________homeworkand___________________.
5.今天早上方方得做饭,因为他父亲不在家。
ThismorningFangfang________________becausehisfather______________yesterday.
6.你还有什么要说的?
What_______wouldyoulike______________?
7.放学别忘了向老师说声再见。
Don’tforget___________________________theteacher.
8.为什么你昨晚没有看电视?
Why_______you_______TVlastnight?
9.他在打扫教室的时候,发现地上有块表。
Whenhe______theclassroom,he______awatchontheground.
10.他什么时候出生的?
1980年。
---When_______he_______?
---_______1980.
4、改写句子
1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改否定句)
Lucy_______________herhomeworkathome.
2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________he_____________________meatinthefridge?
3、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(变一般疑问句)
_______there_______orangeinthecup?
4.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)
_______Frank_______aninterestingbookabouthistory?
5.Whynotgooutforawalk?
(同义句)
_______________________outforawalk?
6.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)
Thomas___________RMB10onthisbook.
7.M
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