中考英语专题 非谓语动词专项练习.docx
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中考英语专题 非谓语动词专项练习.docx
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中考英语专题非谓语动词专项练习
中考英语专题——非谓语动词专项练习
非谓语动词
【考点1】动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式
肯定式
todo
Tellthechildrentoeathealthyfood.
否定式
nottodo
Tellthechildrennottoeatunhealthyfood.
【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,在句中不能用作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。
动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。
Iwanttobuyacomputer.
It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.
2.动词不定式的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1)位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数
Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.
2)常用it作形式主语,把不定式放在后面
常见句型:
It's+adj.+of/for+sb.+todosth.
[形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时,用of;
形容词用于描述不定式动作时,用for]
Itisa/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)+todosth.
Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.
It'sextremelykindofyoutocomeandmeetme.
It'sdangerousforyoutodrivesofast.
It’smydutytosavepatients
表语
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
Herjobistocleanthehall.
=Tocleanthehallisherjob.
宾语
1)作某些动词的宾语,如want,refuse,forget,afford,try,choose,agree,help,hope,decide等
Tomcan'taffordtobuyacaratpresent.
2)在find,think后作宾语时,常用it代替,作宾语的动词不定式后移
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
宾补
1)tell,ask,allow,wouldlike,encourage,advise,remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补
SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.
2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但被动要还原to
Isawhimcrosstheroad.
Myfriendweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
定语
1)不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面
Onthefarmeveryonehaslotsofworktodo
2)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的词是动宾关系,如果动词为不及物动词,后面须加上相应的介词
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
Iwantapentowritewith.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
3)不定式修饰不定代词something,anything等时,放在它们的后面,如果不定代词也被形容词修饰,词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”
Ihadsomethingcoldtodrink.
状语
表目的
Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.
表结果
Thepolicemensearchedthehouseonlytofindnothing.
表原因
Theywereverysadtohearthenews.
独立成分
这种不定式独立与句子之外,表示说话者的态度、语气等,如tobehonest,tobeginwith等
Totellyouthetruth,wedon’twanttoincludeyou.
例题1:
Myparentsoftentellmetoomuchjunkfoodbecauseit’sbadformyhealth.
A.noteatingB.nottoeatC.eatingD.toeat
例题2:
Hehurriedbackhome____hisschoolbag.
A.fetchedB.tofetchC.fetchingD.fetches
例题3:
Jack’steacheraskedhim________offthelightsafterclass.
A.turningB.turnedC.toturn
例题4:
—Whydoweeatvegetableseveryday,Mum?
—________healthy,mydear.
A.TokeepB.KeepC.KeepingD.Kept
例题5:
Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace________.
A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein
例题6:
EvenTony’sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhim________smoking.
A.giveupB.gaveupC.togiveupD.givingup
例题7:
Itisimportant______people______goodmanners.
A.for;tolearnB.of;tolearnC.for;learnD.of;learn
例题8:
—Letmehelpyoucarrythebox,Granny.
—Thankyou,LiLei.It’sverynice______you______me.
A.of;tohelpB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.for;helping
例题9:
—It’sourduty______ourcitycleanandbeautiful.
—Yes.Weshoulddosomethingforit.
A.tokeepB.keepC.keeping
例题10:
Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.
A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk
参考答案:
BBCACCAAAD
3.动词不定式的常见搭配
1)疑问词+不定式
可以作主、宾、表等,相当于名词性从句,因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句
Wheretogoisstillaquestion.
Theproblemiswheretofindhim.
Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
2)too+adj.+todo
太…而不能…
Heistooyoungtogotoschool.
3)adj./adv.+enoughtodo
足够…做…
Heisnotenoughtogotoschool.
例题1:
She’snotstrongenough_______walkingupmountains.
A.togoB.goingC.goD.went
例题2:
—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?
—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo
参考答案:
AD
4.动词不定式符号to的省略
1)在“一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to,但在被动语态中,必须带to。
Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.
=Hewasseentogointotheroomjustnow.
Thebossmademyfriendworkthewholenight.
=Myfriendweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
2)wouldrather(not)dothando;hadbetter(not)do
Wehadbettertakesomewarmclothes.
3)whynotdo;can’tbutdo
Whynothavearest?
Ican’tbutwalktoschool.
4)当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,第一个动词不定式加to,后面的动词不定式省略to
Iwanttovisithimandaskforsomehelp.
例题1:
Youlooktootired.Whynot__________arest?
A.stoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stophaving
例题2:
—Let’splayfootballontheplayground.
—It’stoohotoutside.Iwouldrather______athomethan______out.
A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;togoD.stay;go
例题3:
—Whataheavyrain!
—Soitis.Iprefer________ratherthan________onsucharainyday.
A.togoout;stayathomeB.tostayathome;goout
C.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;goout
例题4:
Theboyisoftenheard__________inthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.
A.practicesingingB.topracticesingingC.practicedsinging
例题5:
Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight,orfindabigspiderinthecornerofyourbedroom?
Itoftenmakesus______.
A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped
例题6:
Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,youwill______laugh.
A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.madetoD.make
参考答案:
ADBBAB
【考点2】动名词
1.动名词的形式
肯定式
doing
Sleepingisgoodforourhealth.
否定式
notdoing
I’msorryfornothavinginformedyouofthemeeting.
2.动名词的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1)动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
Readingaloudisveryhelpful.
2)有时可用it作形式主语,动名词后移
It’suselessarguingwithhim.
表语
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语
HisjobisteachingEnglish.
=TeachingEnglishishisjob.
宾语
1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语,如beinterestedin;beusedto;feellike;thinkof等
Wearethinkingofmakinganewplan.
2)作某些动词的宾语,如enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,suggest,imagine,consider等
Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.
定语
表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于修饰语之前
swimmingpool游泳池;readingroom阅览室;walkingstick手杖,,workingpeople劳动人民等
【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的:
forgettodosth.忘记要做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事;
meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事;
regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事,regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事;
stoptodosth.停下来做另外一件事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事;
trytodosth.尽力做某事,trydoingsth.试着做某事;
needtodo需要做某事(主语为人),needdoing=needtobedone需要被做(主语为物)。
例题1:
Ihopeeveryonecancareabout______theenvironmentandstop______things.
A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towasteC.protect;wastingD.protect;towaste
例题2:
Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish_______thestorybyyourself.
A.toask;writeB.toask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;towrite
例题3:
Don’tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneeds______sothatitcanbereused.
A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting
例题4:
_______honestisthefirstthingpeopleshouldlearn.
A.BeingB.LookC.BeD.Become
例题5:
—Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?
—Foryourhealth,myboy.
A.playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playing
例题6:
—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.
—That’sgood.Wetried_______anynoise,foryouweresleeping.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomakeD.making
例题7:
OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“_______Englishwellisveryimportant”.
A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.Tolearning
参考答案:
ACDADBB
3.动名词的常见搭配
1)therebe+名词+doing
某处有某人或某物在做某事
Thereweresomepeoplerowingontheriver.
2)preferdoingtodoing
喜欢…胜过…
Ipreferstayingathometogoingout.
3)Nodoing
禁止/不准做某事
Noparking.禁止停车。
4)would/Doyouminddoing
你介意做某事吗
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
5)How/Whataboutdoing
做某事怎么样
WhatabouthavingapicnicthisSunday?
6)sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingsth.
某人花费一些时间/金钱做某事
TheboyspenttwentyyuanbuyingaT-shirt.
7)常见能接动名词的短语
beusedto;lookforwardto;can’thelp;stop…fro;bebusy等
HewasbusyworkingwhenIcamein.
例题1:
Heusedto______inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto______inabigcity.
A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;living
例题2:
Wouldyoumind________thedoor?
It’squitewindyoutside.
A.closeB.closingC.toclose
例题3:
—Ifeelstressedfromtimetotime.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?
—_______sharingyourworrieswithyourparents?
A.Whydon’tyouB.HowaboutC.WhynotD.Wouldyoulike
例题4:
—Wouldyoulike__________campingwithme?
—I’dliketo.ButI’mbusy________myhomework.
A.togo;todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing
例题5:
—I’mlookingforwardto________myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?
—Metoo.
A.seeingB.seeC.saw
例题6:
TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsand_________totherichlandinthesouthofChina.
A.moveB.tomoveC.frommoving
参考答案:
ABBBAC
【考点3】分词
1.概念
分词常常扮演形容词的角色,也有动词的性质。
分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成,过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成(也有不规则变化)。
现在分词与过去分词对比
时间上
语态上
现在分词
表示动作正在进行adevelopingcountry(发展中国家)
表示主动therulingclass(统治阶级)
过去分词
表示动作已完成adevelopedcountry(发达国家)
表示被动theruledclass(被统治阶级)
2.现在分词用法
用法
例句
1)帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时
Heisreadinganinterestingbooknow.
2)作定语:
分词单独作定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;
分词短语作定语时,则放在所修饰的名词后
Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Thewomanstandingbehindthecounterismymother.
3)作表语:
表示主语的性质、特征或者状态
【注】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别:
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;
动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释
Theplaywasinteresting.
Myjobisteaching.(句中的teaching为动名词,是对主语内容的进一步说明)我的工作是教书。
Myjobisinteresting.(句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词,表示主语的特征)我的工作很有趣。
4)作宾补:
常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语,表动作正在进行或动作的持续
【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别:
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;
不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作
Canyouhearhersingingasonginthenextroom?
Isawhim
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