英语常见词根词缀大全.docx
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英语常见词根词缀大全.docx
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英语常见词根词缀大全
英语常见词根词缀大全
一、前缀(Prefixes)
(something→sth.;somebody→sb.;noun名词→n.;verb动词→v.;adjective形容词→adj.;adverb副词→adv.;红色加粗部分也是词根)
1、a-/an-:
no;without;lack;加强意义
①asocial不好社交的:
a(no)+social(社交的)→asocial不好社交的
AreyouasocialordoyoujustenjoylivingintheAntarctic?
②acentric无中心的:
a(without)+centric中心的→acentric无中心的
Atfirst,thethesisdescribesthefluidandacentricnarrativemode.
首先,文章阐述的是流动性、去中心的叙事方式.
③aright正确地:
a(表加强意义)+right(正确的)→aright正确地
WhenIpray,ImustseektoknowGod aright.
2、a-:
in;on;at;by;with;to
①asleep在熟睡中:
a(in)+sleep(睡觉)→asleep在熟睡中
Hesoonfell asleep withweariness.
②abed在床上:
a(on)+bed(床上)→abed在床上
Ialwaysthinkofmanythings abed .
③aside在一边:
a(at)+side旁边→aside在…旁边即在一边
Weturned aside fromthemainroad.
④abreast肩并肩地:
a(by)+breast胸部→abreast胸部于胸部相邻引申为肩并肩地
Thefourofthemwalked abreast.
3、ab-:
from;awayfrom
①absorb吸收:
ab(from)+sorb(吸附、吸收)→absorb(sorbfrom从…吸附即吸收)
Drysand absorbs water.
②abnormal不正常的:
ab(awayfrom)+normal正常的→abnormal(awayfromnormal即远离正常→不正常)
Wewereverysurprisedathis abnormal behavior.
4、ac-:
at;to,或表示加强意义
①accustom使习惯:
ac(to)+custom(风俗、习惯)→accustom(使…慢慢成为习惯→使习惯)
Hesoongets accustom todormitorylifeandmaketwoorthreefriends.
②account计算,算帐:
ac(to)+count(数数、计算)→account(tocountthenumberofsth数…的数量即计算、算账)
Hefiguredupthebalanceintheircheckingaccount.
③accredit信任:
ac(表强调,加强意义)+credit(相信、信任)→accredit
(信任)
We accredit theinventionoftheelectriclightbulbtoEdison.
accredit…to把…归功于某人
5、ad-:
to;toward;forward
①admixture混杂:
ad(to)+mix(动词:
混合+ure名词后缀→mixture名词:
混合、混杂)→admixture(tomixsth混合某物→混杂)
Ourclubwascomposedprincipallyofstudents,withanadmixtureofyoungclerks.
②adjoin临近:
ad(toward)+join(链接、联结)→adjoin(tojoinsthtogethertomakethemcloser→临近)
Thetwohousesadjoin.
③adventure冒险:
ad(forward表倾向性行为)+venture(冒险)→adventure(去冒险)
ButJuleswasnoteagerforclassroomlearning,hehungeredforadventure.
6、af-:
at;to,或表示加强意义
①affix附加,贴上:
af(to)+fix(固定、使牢固)→affix(tofixonethingonanother→附加、贴上)
Please affix yournametomyhomework.
②affirm肯定,确实:
af(表加强意义)+firm(确定的)→affirm肯定、确实
Scientistscannot affirm theexistenceoflifeonotherplanets.
③affright震惊,恐惧:
af(表加强意义)+fright(恐怖、惊吓)→affright(震惊、恐惧)
"Whoareyou?
"heagainaskedin affright.
7、ag-:
at;to,或表示加强意义
①aggrandize增大:
ag(表加强意义)+grand(宏大的;宏伟的)+ize(动词词根)→aggrandize(增大)
Indeed,itshouldbepointedoutthatalthoughwomenstatusweregreatlyimproved,wecannot aggrandize theimprovement.
②aggravate加重:
ag(表加强意义)+grav(=heavy重)+ate(动词词根)→aggravate加重
Thiswill aggravate thecurrentscarcityofnaturalresourcescausedbyenvironmentaldegradation.
③aggrieve使悲痛:
ag(表加强意义)+grieve(悲伤)→aggrieve(使悲痛)
IhopeIdidn't aggrieve herfeeling.
8、amphi-:
两、双
①amphicar水陆两用车:
amphi(两、双)+car(车)→amphicar水陆两用车
AGerman-madeamphicarismakingquiteasplashinNewBern,NorthCarolina.
②amphibian水陆两栖的:
amphi(两、双)+bi(两)+an(表名词和形容词,"……地方,……人或动物等")→amphibian水陆两栖的
③amphitheater两边都可观看的剧场,圆形剧场:
amphi(两、双)+theatre(电影院、戏院)→amphitheater圆形剧场
Somefamous amphitheaters werebuiltbytheRomans.
9、ante-:
before
①antetype先型,原型:
ante(before)+type(类型)→antetype(原型)
Reporteraskedthewriterwhoistheantetypeofthecharacterinhisarticle.
②anteroom前室,接待室:
ante(before)+room(房间)→anteroom(接待室)
Leavingtheelevatoronthetenthfloor,theysteppedintothewindowless anteroom.
③antedate比实际早的日期;先于、早于:
ante(before)+date(日期)→antedate(beforethedateof…在…日期之前→先于、早于)
10、anti-:
against对抗、反对
①antifreeze防冻:
anti(against)+freeze(冰冻)→antifreeze(makesthagainstfreeze使…抗冻→防冻)
Fillthecoolingsystemwithantifreezeasaprotectionagainstfrost.
②antiwar反战的:
anti(对抗、反对)+war(战争)→antiwar(反对战争→反战的)
JohnandYokoplayedkeyrolesintheanti-warmovementinthe1970s.
③antiageing防衰老的:
anti(对抗、反对)+ageing(变老、老化)→antiageing防衰老的
Howmuchfaithshouldweputinanti-ageingproducts?
11、ap-:
加强或引申意义
①appoint指定,任命:
ap(表引申)+point(表明、指向)→appoint(指定、任命)
"Whydidn'tyouappointRontwelvemonthsago?
"—"Goodquestion."
②appraise评价:
ap(表引申)+praise(赞扬、赞美)→appraise(评价)
Anemployershouldappraisetheabilityofhismen.
12、ap-/apo-:
离开
①apogee远地点(远离地球之处)、最高点、最远点
apo(离开)+gee→apogee(最高点、最远点)
TheAllianceforProgressreacheditsapogeeduringthefirsthalfofthedecade.
②apostasy脱党,叛教:
apo(离开)+stasy→apostasy(脱党、叛教)
Apostasy oftenhasitsrootsinmoralfailure.
背教的人通常是先在道德方面一败涂地。
13、ar-:
at;to,或表示加强及引伸意义
①arrear在后,拖延:
ar(at)+rear(后面、背部)→arrear(atthebackofsth在某物的背后→在后、拖延)
I'min arrears withthehousework.我的家务事还拖著呢。
②arrange安排,布置:
ar(表加强)+range(排列、排序,把…分类)→arrange安排、布置
Youmust arrange thesebooksinalphabeticalorder.
14、arch-:
1)big;chief.2)ancient
①archbishop大主教:
arch(big、chief)+bishop(主教)→archbishop(大主教)
Hewasconsecrated archbishop lastyear.他于去年就任大主教之圣职。
②archaeology考古学:
arch(ancient古老的)+e+ology(表示学科)→archaeology(studysomeancientthings研究古代的东西→考古学)
CSCAistheresearchcenterfocusedonChinese archaeology.
北京大学中国考古学研究中心是以研究中国考古学为主的实体学术机构。
15、as:
to;forward
①assort分类:
as(to)+sort(分类、筛选、选出)→assort(tosortsthout把某物选出来→分门别类)
Mydaughterwillnotassortwithherpeers.
我女儿和她的同龄人不合群.
beassortwith…与…相符、与…一致
②assure使确信,担保:
as(to)+sure(确信、确保)→assure(tomakesuresth使某事确信、确保→使确信、担保)
Theytriedto assure himoftheirwillingnesstowork.
③associate联合,结合:
as(to)+sociate(联系)→associate(tosociatesomethingwithanotherone把一件事情和另一件事情联系在一起→联合,结合)
Thepressfeelstheneedtoassociateitselfwiththegreenmovement.
媒体感到有必要支持绿色运动。
16、at-:
at;to,或表示加强及引伸意义
①attest证明:
at(to)+test(测验、考验)→attest(toteststh测验某物→证明)
Thechild'sgoodhealth attests tohismother'scare.
②attract吸引:
at(to)+tract(拉)→attract(totractsthorsb→吸引)
Theflowershow attracted largecrowdsthisyear.
17、auto-:
self;personally
①autograph亲笔:
auto(self)+graph(写)→autograph(writesthbyoneself自己写…→亲笔)
I'vegotlotsoffamousfootballers' autographs.
②autoalarm自动报警器:
auto(self)+alarm(警报、报警)→autoalarm(自动报警器)
Infireautoalarm controlsystemthefiredetectoristhekeypartforthedetectingoffiresignals.
火灾自动报警控制系统中,探测器是探测火灾信号的关键部件。
③autobiography自传:
auto(personally)+biography(传记、个人简介)→autobiography(自传)
Iacocca's autobiography isabest-seller.
18、be-:
makeorcausetobe;加以...,饰以...,用...(做某事);在;加强及引申意义
①befit适宜:
be(make)+fit(适合)→befit(makesthfit…使某物适合…→适宜)
Suchactionsdonotbefityou.
②bepowder在...上撒粉:
(be加以…,饰以...+powder花粉→bepowder给某物加以/饰以花粉→在...上撒粉)
Ifbothordersareopposedtheblockdefectfrostmaybeerasedwhenthebottomisbepowdered.
③becloud遮蔽:
[be用...(做某事)+cloud云→becloud用云遮盖某物即遮蔽]
Remorsetookholdofthedisciplesbecausetheyhadallowedtheprevailingunbelieftoleaventheiropinionsandbecloud theirunderstanding.
门徒心中觉得非常痛悔,因为他们让当时社会上流行的不信,影响自己的思想,蒙蔽自己的认识。
④beside在...旁:
(be在+side旁边→beside在…旁边)
Isetachair beside himandsatdown.
⑤bespatter溅污:
be(表加强意义)+spatter溅,洒落→bespatter溅污
Allspeechesmadeto bespatter meinthetrialwillbepunished.
凡是在审判中诋毁我的言论都将被定罪!
19、bene-:
well;good
①benevolent乐善好施的:
bene[(well;good)+vol(wish,will,表示"意志,意愿")+ent→benevolent好的意志/意愿→乐善好施的]
Theoriginaldesignersofthehumanbodywere benevolent beings.
人类身体的最初设计者是仁慈的生命体。
②benediction祝福:
bene[(well;good)+dict(say/assert,表示"说话,断言,写")+ion名词后缀→benediction说好话→祝福]
Isaythe benediction tomyfather'sbirthday.
③benefaction恩惠,善行:
bene[(well;good)+fact(do,make表示"做,制作")+ion名词后缀→benefaction做好事→恩惠、善行]
Iwillrepayyour benefaction oneday.
20、bi-:
two
①bicycle自行车:
bi(two)+cycle(自行车)→bicycle(自行车)
Canyouridea bicycle?
②bilateral双方:
bi(two)+lateral(侧向;外侧)→bilateral有两个外侧的即双方
Nothingemergedfromthe bilateral talks.双边会谈没有结果。
③bicolor双色的:
bi(two)+color(颜色)→bicolor有两种颜色的即双色的
abicolorpostagestamp双色邮票
21、by-:
旁、侧、非正式、副
①byroad小路,僻径:
by(旁、侧)+road(路)→byroad(大路旁边的路即小路)
Xiaominglikestogobackhomeonthebyroad.
②bywork业余工作:
by(非正式、副)+work(工作)→bywork(非正式的工作即业余工作)
Toreleavetheeconomicburdeninthefamilyhiswifefindsabywork.
③byname别名,绰号:
by(非正式、副)+name(名字)→byname(非正式的名字、副名即别名)
Hisclassmateswouldliketocallhisbynameratherthanhisrealnameafterthiscase.
22、circu-:
around
①circumnavigate环球航行:
circu(around)+navigate(航行)→circumnavigate(navigatearoundtheworld环绕着世界航行即环球航行)
Magellanwasthefirstpersonto circumnavigate theglobe.
麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人。
②circumspect考虑周到的:
circu[(around)+spect(look/see,表示"看")→circumspect环顾四周即考虑周到的]
Hewasvery circumspect inhisfinancialaffairs.
他对于自己的财务十分细心。
③circumpolar在两极周围的:
circu(around)+polar(极地的,两极的)→circumpolar(aroundthepolar环绕两级的即在两级周围的)
It'scommonlyconsideredasingle circumpolar species.
这一般被认为是极地地区单一的品种。
23、co-:
together
①co-action共同行动:
co(together)+action(行动)→co-action(dosth.together一起做某事即一起行动、共同行动)
Itwasco-actionofgovernment,societyandpeopleforChina’srecoveryfromeconomiccrisis.)
②cooperate合作:
co(together)+operate(操作;经营、管理)→cooperate(operatesth.together共同管理某事即合作)
Iamsohappyto cooperate withyou.
③coeducation男女同校:
co(together)+education(教育)→coeducation(男女在一起接受教育即男女同校)
Coeducation isverycommoninNorthAmerica.
24、col-:
together
①collaboration协作,勾结:
col(together)+labor(劳动、工作)+ation(名词后缀)→collaboration(dolabortogether一起劳动/工作即协作)
Hewrotethebookin collaboration withhiscolleagues.
②collingual用同一种语言的:
col(together)+lingual(语言的)→collingual(useonelanguagetogether即用同一种语言的)
UnitedNationsandUnitedKindomaretwocollingualcountries.
③collocate并置,并列:
col(together)+locate(查找…的地点;确定…的位置)→collocate(locatetwothingstogether使两个事物坐落在一起即并置、并列)
Thesetwowordsdon't collocate.这两个词搭配不当。
25、com-:
together;加强或引伸意义
①compatriot同胞、同国人:
com(together)+patriot(爱国者,爱国主义者)→compatriot(在一起的爱国者即同胞)
Hebelievesthatheandhis compatriot studentarethefutureleaders.
他相信他和他同国的学生是未来的领袖。
②commove使动乱:
com(表加强意义)+move(移动)→commove使动乱
Hisvibrantvoice commove theair.他响亮的声音振动了空气。
③commemorate纪念:
com(表引申意义)+memor(memory,表示"记忆")+ate(v.后缀)→commemorate(记住某人或某事即纪念)
Amonumentwasbuiltto commemorate thevictory.
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