Unit03素材文档.docx
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Unit03素材文档.docx
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Unit03素材文档
Unit-03-素材文档
CollegeEnglishCreativeReading3
跨文化交际英语·阅读教程3
Unit3SevenQuestionsaboutSleep
NoteontheTopic
LearningObjectives
1.Gainafullcomprehensionoftheimportanceofsleepanditsbenefitsintheformofanonlinequestion-and-answersessioninthetext;
2.Thinkabouthowtogetbettersleeptoimproveyourlives;
3.Developyourcreativeskillsthroughdiscussingandinventingproverbsaboutsleep.
BeforeYouRead
1.Watchthefollowingvideoanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithapartner.
2.Discussthefollowingquestionswithapartner.
2.1Howmanyquestionsaboutsleeparediscussedinthevideo?
Five.
2.2Accordingtothevideo,howmuchsleepshouldwegetonaveragepernight?
Sleepexpertsrecommendthatwegetuptoninehoursofsleeppernight.
2.3Whatarethetipssuggestedinthevideotogetbettersleep?
Keeptheroomasdarkaspossible;gotobedearlier.
2.4Howmuchsleepdoyouusuallygetonaveragepernight?
Why?
Answerswillvarytothisquestion.Asampleanswercouldbe:
Igetfourtofivehoursofsleeppernightbecauseit’senoughformetorefreshmyselfandIbelievetherearemanythingsmoreimportantthansleep.
2.5Amongthequestionsaskedinthevideo,whichonedoyouthinkisthemosthelpfultoyou?
Giveyourreasons.
Answerswillvarytothisquestion.Asampleanswercouldbe:
IthinkthefourthquestionismosthelpfulbecauseIhaven’tsleptwellforalongtimeanditprovidesmewithsomepossiblesolutions.
ReadingA
LiveOnlineChatwithD
Tracy99|posted1weekago
Iknowweallsleepbutwhy?
Itseemslikeawasteoftimetospendsolonginbedwhenwecouldbestudyingorearningmoney.Can’twejusttakeacatnapwheneverwefeeltired?
DrSue>Tracy99|2daysago
Hithere!
Let’sgetonethingclear:
youcan’tsimplyexchangehoursofsleepforhoursofstudyorworkbecauseyouneedtosleepattherighttime,andtherighttimeforsleepisroughly10.00pmto6.00am.Whyisthis?
Well,ofcourseit’sdarkthenanddarknesshelpsyoutosleep,butmoreimportantlythebodyisprogrammedtocleanitselfduringthisperiod.Researchshowsthattheorgansofthebodyarecleanedinaparticularorder,startingwiththeliver,thengoingontothelungs,andfinallytheintestines.Thebrainalsoneedsdowntimetoallowchemicalstocleantheplaquethatbuildsupinthegapsbetweennervecells(neurons).Thiskindofhousekeepingallowsthebraintofixmemoriesandconsolidatelearning.
BackgroundInformation:
TheText:
TheStudyofSleep
Thescientificstudyofsleepanddreamsisstillinitsearlystagesandthereismuchthatwedonotknowaboutsleep,sotheinformationpresentedinthetextisstillbeingdiscussedandresearched.Therearemanycentresaroundtheworlddevotedtostudyingthescienceofsleep.Itisunderstoodthatsleepisvitaltoourwell-being,andiscloselylinkedwithserioushealthandmoodproblemssuchashighbloodpressure,obesity,anddepression.
REMsleephasbeenmoststudied.ItisnowknownthatwedreamnotonlyduringREMsleepbutduringothersleeptoo.However,REMsleepisbelievedtoservethepurposeofconsolidatingrecentmemoriesandreinforcingoldmemories.ThedreamingthatoccursinREMsleepisaby-productofthisprocess.
Monitoringsleepisnolongeronlythefieldofscientists.Thereareavarietyofappsonthemarketthatpromisetomonitoryoursleepcycleandsleeppatternswithaviewtohelpingyousleepbetterandwakeupmoreeasily.Inadditionmanyofthefitnesstrackerbraceletsthatareavailablealsoclaimtotrackyoursleep.Manysleepscientists,however,arescepticalabouttheaccuracyofthesesleeptrackers.
KeyWords:
downtime:
Timewhenyoucanrelaxandnotwork
plaque:
Asubstancethatformsinpartsofyourbodyandinwhichbacteriacangrow
housekeeping:
Theactivityofkeepingthingsorganizedsothatyoucanworkmoreeffectively
参考译文:
与医生网的在线交流
Tracy99发布于一周前
我知道我们都要睡觉,可这是为什么呢?
在床上呆这么久看起来像是把本可以用来学习或赚钱的时间都浪费掉了。
就不能在觉得累的时候随时小睡一会儿吗?
DrSue回答于两天前
你好!
让我们先来把一件事给弄明白:
你不能简单地把几小时的睡眠时间用来学习或工作,因为你需要在合适的时间睡觉,所谓适合睡觉的时间指的是晚上10点到次日凌晨6点。
为什么呢?
嗯,当然是因为这段时间天是黑的而黑暗能帮助你入睡,但更重要的一点是因为身体计划好了要在这段时间把自己给清理一下。
研究表明身体器官的清理是有特定顺序的,先从肝开始,然后是肺,最后才轮到肠。
大脑也需要利用停工期来让化学物质把堆积在神经细胞(神经元)空隙中的斑清理掉。
这种内务管理能让大脑修复记忆,巩固新知。
ReadingB
Maxc|posted4daysago
Whathappensifwesleeppoorlyorhaveonlyalittlesleep?
DrHayton>Maxc|2daysago
Goodquestion.Thanksforaskingit.Poorqualitysleeporlackofsufficientsleepcanbedangerous,especiallyiftheproblempersistsforalongtime.Allkindsofproblemscanoccur,suchasthecognitiveonesofpoorconcentration,shortattentionspan,memoryandlanguageloss,andproblemsthatthreatenusphysicallysuchasincreasedriskofobesityanddiabetesIfyouhavesurvivedononlyalittlesleepoveralongperiodoftime,youwillhavebuiltupa“sleepdeficit”or“sleepdebt.”Youneedtosettlethatdebtbycatchinguponthesleepyouhavelost.Itistheoreticallypossibleforapersontostillbe“makingpayments”onsleepthatwaslostmanyyearsago.Theconceptofsleepdebtisthesubjectofdebate,however,andsomemedicalexpertsrefusetorecognizeitsexistencebecauseitisnotverifiablethroughobservationorexperimentation.
KeyWords:
cognitive:
connectedwithrecognizingandunderstandingthings
obesity:
aconditioninwhichsomeoneistoofatinawaythatisdangerousfortheirhealth
diabetes:
aseriousmedicalconditioninwhichyourbodydoesnotproduceenoughinsulintoreducetheamountofsugarintheblood
settle:
topayback
参考译文:
Maxc发布于四天前
如果睡得不好或只睡了一小会儿会怎样?
DrHayton回答于两天前
问得好。
谢谢你问这个问题。
睡眠质量差或睡眠不足是危险的,如果这一问题长期存在的话就更是如此。
各种问题都有可能出现,比如说认知方面的精神不集中、注意力集中时间短、失忆和失语,有些问题还会威胁到身体健康,比如增加我们患肥胖症和糖尿病的风险。
要是你很长一段时间以来都仅靠短时间的睡眠而活了下来,你就已经有了“睡眠赤字”或“睡眠负债”。
你得补足缺失的睡眠来偿还这负债。
“支付”很多年前欠的睡眠账单理论上来说是可行的。
不过睡眠负债这个概念具有争议性,一些医学专家拒绝承认它,因为观察和实验都无法证明其存在。
ReadingC
EllaB33|posted2daysago
Whatactuallyhappenswhenwesleep?
I’veheardthatsleepisatimeforhavingdreamsthatcanhelpusmakesenseofthepastandevenplanforthefuture.
DrSmith>EllaB33|1dayago
It’sunlikelythatsleephasmuchtotellusaboutourpastorfuturelife.Sleepisconcernedwiththepresent—thehereandnowneedsofmaintainingthebrainandthebody.Asfordreams,theymaysimplybetheresultoftheprocessesoffixingmemoriesandconsolidatinglearningwediscussedinanswertothefirstquestion.WedreamduringREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,whenoureyesmoverapidlyinvariousdirectionsunderoureyelids.ThefirstREMepisodenormallyhappensabouteightyminutesafterfallingasleep,andmostpeoplehavethreetofiveREMepisodespernight.
REMsleepisinterestingtoresearchersbutformostpeopleit’sprobablyeasiertothinkintermsofthreestagesofsleep:
drowsiness(feelingtiredwithyoureyesbeginningtoclose),lightsleep(youreyesareclosedbutyoucanbeeasilywokenup)anddeepsleep.Deepsleepisthemostrefreshingmentallyandisthekindofsleepthatallowsthebodytocleanandrepairitselfmosteffectively.REMsleeptakesplaceinthedeepsleepstage.
参考译文:
EllaB33发布于两天前
我们睡着的时候到底发生了什么?
我曾听人说睡着时做的梦能帮助我们回忆过去,规划未来。
DrSmith回答于一天前
睡眠不太可能会告诉我们太多关于我们过去和未来生活的事。
睡眠与现在——也就是此时此地保养大脑和身体的需求相关。
至于梦,它们可能仅仅是我们在第一个答案中所讨论到的大脑修复记忆、巩固新知这一过程的产物。
我们会在REM(快速眼动)睡眠期做梦,这时候你的眼球会在眼皮底下朝各个方向快速转动。
第一个REM阶段通常出现在你入睡后的80分钟左右,大多数人每晚会有3—5个REM期。
研究人员会觉得REM睡眠期很有意思,可对大多数人来说还是记这三个睡眠阶段比较容易:
睡眼惺忪(你觉得累而且眼睛开始闭起来)、浅睡眠(你的眼睛已经闭上了,不过你很容易就能被叫醒)和沉睡。
沉睡最让人神清气爽,也是身体自我清理和自我修复的最有效的阶段。
REM睡眠期就出现在沉睡阶段。
ReadingD
Fab54u|posted2daysago
Mostdoctorsrecommendsleepingforeighthoursanight.Doeseveryoneneedeighthours?
DrHayton>Fab54u|1dayago
That’sagreatquestion,andtheansweristhatweallneeddifferentamountsofsleep.Mostpeoplegetbetweenfiveandelevenhoursanight.However,theyoungneedagreatdealofsleeptohelpthemgrow,buttheoldneedconsiderablylessbecausetheyarenotgrowingandtheirmetabolismismuchslowerthanthatofyoungpeople.Itiscertainlyunhealthyforamaturepersontogettoolittleortoomuchsleepbutasindividualsweallhavedifferentneeds.Sothebestthingtodoislistentoourmindsandbodiestodiscovertheoptimalamountofsleepforus.Thinkofitthisway:
therightamountofsleepforyouistheamountyouneednottobesleepyinthedaytime!
KeyWords:
metabolism:
thechemicalprocessesbywhichcellsproducetheenergyandsubstancesnecessaryforlife
optimal:
bestormostsuitable
参考译文:
Fab54u发布于两天前
大多数医生都建议人们每晚睡足8小时。
但每个人都需要睡足8小时吗?
DrHayton回答于一天前
这个问题问得非常好,答案就是我们每个人所需要的睡眠时间都是不同的。
大多数人每晚睡5—11个小时。
不过,年轻人需要大量睡眠来帮助成长,老年人所需的睡眠可就少得多了,因为他们已经不再成长了,而且他们的新陈代谢也比年轻人的要慢得多。
一个成熟的人睡得太多或太少当然都是不健康的,但作为个人,我们每个人的需求也都各不相同。
因此我们最好要听从身心的需求,找到最适合自己的睡眠时间。
你可以这样想:
睡足之后不至于让你在白天打瞌睡的就是最适合你的睡眠时间。
ReadingE
SunnyF|posted2daysago
I’vegotsomefriendswhotellmetheysufferfrominsomnia.Whatisinsomniaexactly?
DrSmith>SunnyF|1dayago
Peoplewhosufferfrominsomniahaveseriousproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.Mostpeoplewhoclaimtosufferfrominsomniaarejustexperiencingtemporaryproblems—theymightbegoingthroughastressfulperiodinlife,forexample,ormayhavesufferedtraumaatsomestageinlife.Therealinsomniasuffererisunabletosleepforlongperiodsoftime.Theresultsofthiscanbecatastrophicfamilytensions,jobfailure,illnessandevendeath.Sleepmedicationcanhelpsomebutnotallinsomniacs.Somerespondbettertoaroutinethatinvolvestakingplentyofphysicalexerciseintheevening.Anothercauseofpoorqualitysleepissleepapnoea,whichreferstopausesinbreathingandshallowbreathingduringsleep.Eachpauseinbreathing,calledanapnoea,canlastfromatleasttenseconds
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