英语训练.docx
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英语训练.docx
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英语训练
阅读理解
A
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.
Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.
Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.
Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.
Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.
Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?
Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.
Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.
Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.
41.Theunderlinedword“liability”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”
A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden
42.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness__________.
A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired
B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable
C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly
43.Bowman'sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness_______.
A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen
B.affectsmenandwomenalike
C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen
D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen
44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften_______.
A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical
45.Theauthorwritesthispassageto__________.
A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive
B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive
C.demandequalrightsforwomen
D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance
B
InthesmarterneighborhoodsofLosAngeles,whitekidsareoccasionallyheardtoshouttoeachotherinSpanish.TheylearntheirfirstwordsfromMexicannannieswhoareoftenworkingillegally.Californians,nolessthantheresidentsofotherstates,findillegalimmigrationdistasteful.Yettheydependonimmigrantsforevensuchimportanttasksasbringinguptheirchildren.
ThisweektheSenatewastryingagaintoreconcile(使和解,使和好)thesecontradictoryfeelings.Itseemedclosetothepromiseoflegalizationforthenation'sroughly12millionillegalimmigrants,some2.5millionoftheminCaliforniaalone.Buttheircaseswillnotbeconsidereduntiltheborderisdeemed(认为)tohavebeenmademoresecure.Worse,fromtheimmigrants'pointofview,theywillprobablyhavetoleavethecountryandthenpetition(祈求)toreturn,inwhatisknownas“touch-back”
Ifitbecomeslaw,theSenatebillwilltransformAmerica'simmigrationsystem.FollowingtheleadofCanada,Australia,NewZealandandBritain,Americawouldadoptapointssystemthatwillgiveprioritytothesortofyoung,employableimmigrantswhoaremostlikelytocontributetotheeconomy.Familyties,essentialindecidingimmigrationclaimssincethe1960s,wouldbecomelessimportant.
Immigrantadvocates(支持者)havebecomemilitant.Lastyear,huge,mostlyorderlycrowdsgatheredonthestreetsofLosAngeles,Chicagoandothercitiestoprotestagainstabill,passedbytheHouseofRepresentativesthatwouldhavecriminalizedillegalimmigrants.Ralliesearlierthismonth,bycontrast,weredominatedbyprofessionalprotesters.InLosAngelesasmallandoccasionallyangrycrowdclashedwithpolice.
Althoughthepressureforreformappearsoverwhelming,itisnotclearthatadealcanbedonethisyear.NorisitclearthattheSenateplanwouldbringillegalimmigrantsoutoftheshadows.ThosewhohaveAmericanchildren(upto40%ofthoseinCalifornia)willbereluctantto“touch-back”Muchwillalsodependonhowmanyvisasaremadeavailabletounskilledworkers.Iftherearetoofew,thesupplyofimmigrantlaborwillsurelycontinuetomeetthedemandforit,regardlessofwhatthelawsays.
46.Fromthefirstparagraphwelearnthat_________.
A.Californiansseldomhireforeignworkers
B.Californiansdonotliketohavelotsofimmigrants
C.ItisdifficultforimmigrantstofindajobinCalifornia
D.ThewhitekidslearnSpanishfromtheirschools
47.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?
A.TheSenateplanstogivemanyillegalimmigrantsthelegalstatus.
B.TheAmericanimmigrationpolicyisgoingtobemodified.
C.Theproblemofillegalimmigrantswillbesolvedsoon.
D.FamilyhasbeenanimportantfactorintheimmigrationtoU.S.
48.Accordingtothetext,_______willbemostlikelytobeallowedtoimmigratetoAmerica.
A.thoseMexicanworkers
B.thoseofcollegeeducation
C.thosewhomarryAmericancitizens
D.thosewhoarehardworking
49.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheunderlinedword“militant”(Line1,Paragraph4)?
A.violentB.carryinggunsC.lovingwarsD.frequent
50.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthelastparagraphmean?
A.Iftherearenotenoughvisas,alotofpeoplehaveto“touch-back”
B.Ifthereareenoughvisas,everycurrentlyillegalimmigrantwillbelegalized.
C.IllegalimmigrantswhohaveAmericanchildrenaremoreeasilytoreceivevisa.
D.Iftherearenotenoughvisas,therewillstillbealotofillegalimmigrants.
C.
AsIwasreadingarecentstoryinSlateon20-somethingscomplainingabouthowtheeconomywasruiningtheirlifeplans,Icouldn’thelpbutthinkthe20-somethingssoundedlikeabunchofspoiledchildrenwhogrewupexpectingeverythingtobeeasyforthem.Asa20-somethingmyself,Icertainlysharetheirdisappointment:
myhusbandandIprobablywon’tbeabletobuyahouseuntilwe’reinour40s,andwetooareburdenedbystudentloans(贷款).Butwhyshoulditbeanydifferent?
BeingyoungpersonsinAmerica,shouldn’ttheytakeupallofthechallengesandopportunitiesthatthiscountryoffers?
ConsidersomeoftheseviewssharedintheSlatestory:
Jennifer,29,ownerofatwo-bedroomapartmentwithherhusband,worriesthatshewon’tbeabletohavechildrenforatleastadecadebecausetheycan’taffordtobuyahouseyet.
Ireadthat,andIthought,whatplanetisshelivingonwhereyouneedtoownahouseinordertohavekids?
Hassheevervisitedadevelopingcountry,orevendowntownareasinthisone?
Homeownershipisaluxury(奢华),notafertilityrequirement.
A26-year-oldinthestorydespairs(绝望)thathecan’taffordtogetaPh.D.inliterature.Well,thatsoundsabitlikeexpressingdisappointmentthatnoonewillpayyoutowritepoetryonthebeachinThailandforfiveyears.
Yes,it’ssadthattheseyoungpeoplefeelsolost.ButIthinktheproblemistheirextremelyhighexpectations,noteconomicreality.BethKobliner,authorofGetaFinancialLife:
PersonalFinanceinYourTwentiesandThirties,saysthatshethinkspeople’sexpectationsareslowlyadjusting,buttoday’s20-somethingsgrewupatatimewheneveryone’swealthappearedtobeexpanding.Theirparentsprobablysawtheirhomevaluesrisealongwiththeirinvestments.“Soyouhavepeoplewhohavegrownupinanenvironmentwherepeoplehadgreatexpectationsofwhatlivingwellmeans,”saysKobliner.
Thisrecession(衰退)willcertainlyplayaroleinforcingthoseexpectationsintomorerealisticgroup.Inthemeantime,itseemsalotbetterforourmentalhealthtofocusonbeinggrateful-forourone-bedroomapartments,forlivinginmoderncities,orperhapsjustforbeingabletoeatthreemealsaday-thanonlongingforsomekindofluxurylife.
46.Whatmakestheauthorthinkthe20-somethingssoundlikeabunchofspoiledchildren?
A.Theyexpecteverythingtobeeasyforthem.
B.Theycomplainthattheeconomyisspoilingtheirlifeplans.
C.Theyarereluctanttofaceallofthechallenges.
D.Theyareburdenedbystudentloans.
47.Theunderlinedword“fertility”inParagraph3probablymeans.
A.babyproductionB.pleasant
C.babycomfortD.essential
48.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthecomplaintsofthe20-somethings?
A.Theycan’thavechildrenforatleastadecadetobuyahouse.
B.Theyhaveonlyone-bedroomapartmenttolivein.
C.Theycan’tbuyahouseuntil40becauseofstudentloans.
D.TheydespairatnotbeingabletoaffordaPh.D.inliterature.
49.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe20-somthingswithhighexpectationinParagraph5?
A.Intolerant.
B.Negative.
C.Unbelieving.
D.Understanding.
50.Whatisth
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