高中英语名词从句复习概要.docx
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高中英语名词从句复习概要.docx
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高中英语名词从句复习概要
一、名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what, who, whom, whose, which.whatever, whoever, whichever
连接副词:
when, where, how, why
引导词的选择方法:
①看成分-辩词性②看语境-找具体
1. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:
①What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
②It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
③Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
2.宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如:
①He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
②We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good innothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
例如:
①I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
②The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.应注意从句语序要用陈述语序。
(与特殊疑问句不同如Whathashetoldyou?
)
例如:
①I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
②She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
③She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予 热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时; e. 后接动词不定式时。
例如:
① Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
② Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。
例如:
he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5(略). think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
例如:
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
3.表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为:
主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
例如:
①The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
②That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
③It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.
2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.
2.whethereg:
Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor
3.连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which
1).Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears
2).Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest—it’samatterofpersonaltaste.
3).Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语或表语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述先行词的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如:
1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面
考点1:
连接词:
A:
that 与 what的区别
What we can’t get seems better than what we have .
That a new teacher will come to our school is true .
that只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分
what 既有连接作用, 又要在从句中作成分( 主语,宾语, 表语)(按句意 灵活翻译)
Fill in the blanks using that / what
1).A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do
2). _____ he said so made us angry
B :
what (什么) / which ( 表从指定范围中选择, 哪一个)
1.---Do you know________Mr Black’s address is ?
---He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of _________.
2.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
考点2. 考查whether与if的区别
a.主语从句、表语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether, 不能用if ;
①._____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
We havent settled the question of ___ it is necessary for him tostudy abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
The question is whether he himself will be present at the meeting.
b.后面紧跟or not时, 用whether
④He asked me whether or not I could go with him.
考点3.选择填空(what, whatever, who, whoever)
一般说来,
(1) what类词(who/ which/ whom/ when/ where/ how):
有疑问意义,表示特指概念, 充当成分。
(2)whatever类词 (whoever/ whichever/ whomever/ whenever/ wherever):
有意义,“凡是… 的,无论…的,所有…的”),无疑问意义,表示泛指概念;充当成分。
相当于anyone who, anything that, any one that/ who, any time when, any place where
①.___ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
②--- Could you do me a favour?
--- It depends on ____ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
These wild flowers are so special I would do ___ I can to
save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
④Eat ___ cake you like and leave the others for ___
comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
考点 4 :
it作形式主语, 形式宾语的用法
He didn’t make ___ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. these
I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
考点5考查名词性从句的语序问题(从句一定用陈述语序)
①他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( F )
How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( T )
②No one can be sure _________ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like
考点6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题should+do
1.动词:
一个坚持( insist); 两个命令( order, command); 三项要求(demand, require, request);四条建议(suggest, propose, advise, recommend) 后接that宾语从句中,及it + be + v.–ed + that的主语从句中
2.以上动词的名词 (insistence, order, command, demand, requirement, request, suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation )所接的表语从句中
3.在 “It + adj.( important, natural, necessary, strange, urgent, essential…) + that主语从句”中
4.在 “It is (about/ high) time + that主语从句中谓语did/shoulddo
1.---Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but
to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is ___ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what
2.Janes pale face suggested that she ___ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
考点7、“介词 + whom ”引导的定语从句与“介词 +who(m) ”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。
①It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever
解析:
答案为A项。
由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who (作宾语时自然要用whom )。
比较下例:
②Our country has thousands of excellent scientists,most of whom have received higher education at home.
这是一个“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。
引导定语从句的是“ most of + 关系代词”,而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语,所以要用宾格whom .
三年高考英语单选题分类汇编之名词性从句
1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are
fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. What
3.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could
have expressed it
differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. Whether
4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. WhoB. whom C. whoever D. Whomever
5.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you
best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whoever D. whomever
6.It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
7.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. When
It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A. whether B. how C. if D. when
9.It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
10.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
11.Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.
A. when B. how C. that D. whether
12 .The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. whatB. how C. that D. why
13. The message you intend to convey through words may be the
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