AirpollutioninChina中国空气污染英文.docx
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AirpollutioninChina中国空气污染英文.docx
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AirpollutioninChina中国空气污染英文
Abstract
Chinaisnowfacedwithseriousairpollution,suchas,NO
x
andSO.
2
It’stimetotakeeffectiveandstrictmeasuresonpollutioncontrol.
Peopleshouldheightentheenvironmentalawarenessandtake
simple
steps
innormal.Meantime,governmenthavetoformulaterelevantlawsand
regulationstocreateaharmonioussociety.
Keywords:
China,airpollution,regulations.
1
StatusofAirPollutioninChina
Airquality
hasbecomeabig
topicin
recentyears.Tensofmillions
ofpeopleacrossChinahavebeenforcedtocopewithhighlevelsof--
particulate
matter
smallerthan
micrometers
in
diameter
that
can
penetratethelungsandharmtherespiratory,cardiovascular,cerebral
vascular
andnervoussystems.Air
pollution
isnotjust
aboutsorethroats,
butreallymoreofamatteroflifeordeath.Theharmfuleffectsthat
smogcanhaveonthehumanbodyareoneofthetopconcernsamongthose
whoresideinthecountry
’sbiggercities.
Duetothecoaldominatingenergystructure,theurbanatmospheric
environmentinChinahasbeenseriouslypollutedbyhighconcentrations
ofNOxandSO2since
manyyearsago.Withtherapid
developmentofeconomy,
urbanization
andtransportation
inthepasttwodecades,
vehicle
exhaust
pollutionalsoaggravated.Withinthelasttwodecades,alltypesof
environmentalproblems,whichwereexperiencedfornearlyacenturyin
developed
countries,
explodedin
thedevelopedregions
in
China.Regional
air
pollution
complex,
combined
with
coal-combustion
pollution
and
vehicle-exhaust
pollution
hasemergedinkeycity
clusters
of
China,which
wascharacterized
asacomplex
of
local
andregional
pollution
and
multi-pollutants.Regionalairqualityhasatrendofexacerbationwith
thefrequentoccuranceofphotochemicalsmog,regionalhazeandacid
deposition,andthehealthrisksfromtoxicandharmfulairpollutants.
In
somesense,
traffic
jam
is
one
of
the
most
severeproblems
disturbing
traffic
inBeijing
for
alongtimeandretards
the
development
ofeconomy.Socongestedacityasitis,Beijinghasgottenaquality
reportoncitylifewithtenrankingdecreasingthisyear.Thetraffic
topesamongtheentirefactors.
Thisisindeedthecase.Theproblemhasbeenbroughttotheclose
noticeoflocalauthorities,especiallymoreandmoretrafficresearch
institutes.Thoughtheyhaveacommitmenttotrafficjamstudy,the
consequencesareanythingbutsatisfactory.Atthementionoftraffic,
WangQishan,mayorofBeijing,hasexpressedhisdisappointmentseveral
timesaboutcongestedsituationinthepublic.TrafficinBeijingis
facing
achallengeagain
while
Olympic2021is
coming.Onthe
otherhand,
opportunity
is
equalto
challenge
if
wegoout
of
ourwayto
discover
the
rub.Therearesomeconsensualopinionsbelow.
Firstofall,unreasonablecityplanningistheprimaryreason,not
thenumberof
motorvehiclein
nature,
for
Tokyohasanuncheckedtraffic
flowwiththemotorquantityof7200,000,andBeijinghasusualtraffic
jamwithonly2000,000instead.Nowadays,itisthecircleroadsthat
supportmorethanhalfoftrafficdensity,whichmakesitsrushhour
trafficintolerable.
Secondly,Comparedwithsomebigcitiesintheworld,thequantity
oftaxies
inBeijing
is
larger
thananyof
them.Taxiesoccupy30%to
40%
roadarea,37%to50%onesempty.
Thirdly,high
–densityshoppingcenterleadsdistrictjam.In
weekend,especiallyinseven–dayholidaysliketheNationalDay,most
ofcitizensgooutonlyforsports,andthenvehiclesrushtoshoppingcenterandentertainmentdistrict,thenthetrafficthereisbeyondwildestguess.
Inaword,effectivemeasuresareneededfortrafficnowadays.Public
methods,justlikesubwayandbus,areoneofthegoodwaysagainsttraffic
jam.Intelligenttransportationsystemstudyispushedforwardalso.
Another
way,
timely
traffic
control
is
feasible.
While
China-Africa
summitwasheld,thesemeasureswereeffectivetoacertaindegree.
2EmissionsofMajorAirPollutantsintheCountry
Coalaccountsfor70percentofChina’senergyconsumption.Thisfact
ishardtochangeinashortterm.Intermsofthecoalusemethod,80
percentofthecoalwasfordirectcombustion.Amongothers,coal-fired
powerplantsburn50percentofthetotalcoalinChina.Coalburningis
themajorsourceofambientSO
2,NOx,andsoot.
China’scoalconsumptionexperiencedanincreasebymorethan800
million
tons,over500million
tonsofwhichwenttothermalpowerindustry.
Thefindingsofrelevantstudieshaveshownthatabout20,000yuanof
economiclosses
occurredwith
everyton
ofSO2emission,
andair
pollution,
especially
acid
rain
has
significantly
constrained
the
efforts
in
achievingthegoalofbuildingaXiaokangSocietyinanall-roundway.
Motorvehicles,industrialproduction,coalanddustarethemain
sources
of
particulate
matter
pollution
in
mostChinesecities,
accounts
from85%to
90%.Motor
vehicles
areprimary
pollution
source
inBeijing,
Hangzhou,Guangzhou,Shenzhen.WhileinShijiazhuang,Nanjing,Tianjin,
ShanghaiandNingbo,theprimarypollutionsourceweredust,currentsource,industrialproductionRespectively.
Atpresent,ourcountryhasthegrimsituationofairpollution,theenvironmentproblemscharacterizedbyregionalatmosphericpollutantssuchasparticulatematter(PM10)andfineparticulatematterincreaseprominently,dogreatharmtopeople'shealthandaffectsocialharmonyandstability.
3Howcanwecontrolairpollutionintheenvironment?
Airpollution
hasbecomeaserious
problem
inrecentyears.Thereare
alotofcauses.Firstofall,isthechemicalnoxiousgasesemission.
Weallknowthattherearealotoffactoriesaroundtheworld,theyare
actually
emitting
such
gases
everyday.
The
second
oneis
the
sharp
decreaseoftheforests.ForestisveryimportanttoourEco-system,it
canadjust
theheatandbalancetheair.
Thethird
oneis
theurbanization.
Peopletendtostayinthecity
whereisactually
anabnormalEco-system.
Manycities
donothaveacompletesystemof
controlling
the
air
pollution.
Inordertosolvesuchproblems,
there
aresomesimple
waystocontrol
airpollutioninourdailylife.
(1)Driveless,ridebicycleorwalkinstead.
(2)Replaceall
the
lightbulbs
in
and
around
your
home
with
energy-efficient
fluorescents
that
usefewerwatts
for
the
sameamount
oflight.
(3)Chooseenergy-efficientapplianceswhenit'stimetobuynewones.
(4)Decreaseyourairtravel.
(5)Washclothesincoldwaterandline-drywheneverpossible.
(6)Usealow-flowshowerhead,whichwilllessenthehotwaterusedbutnotdropyourwaterpressureintheshower.
(7)Cutdownonyourgarbagebuyfewerpackagedmaterials
(8)Unplugelectronicswhentheyarenotinuse,becausetheystilltakeupenergy.
(9)Insulateyourhomebetter
(10)Buyrecycledpaperproductsandrecycleasmuchofyourwasteaspossible.
(11)Plantatree.
(12)Usenontoxiccleaningproducts.
4NoPlacetoHide
However,likeyoucouldseewhenexaminingcrimestatistics,
it's
not
thepollutersyoucanseethataretheproblem.It'stheonesthathave
drawnaveil,andworkedinplaceswheregovernmentswillletthemhave
afreehand,whocausethemosthas,inthelastthirtyyears,doubled
inthetotalamountoflandareathatqualifiesasahasalsolosta
substantialamountoftheforestcoveronherland.Thisenvironmental
changeiscausingpeoplefromtheruralnorthwestpartofChinatoseek
newlivesalongtherivernetworkintheheartofthecountry,alongthe
Chinaairpollutioncentralregion,thenewIndustrialCorridor.
Unfortunately,theIndustrialCorridor,mostofwhichhasfactories
built,orpurchasedfromoverseasandtransportedinland,isoneofthe
majorgarbagepollutionbeltsinChina.Wastewateroutletsarecausing
fishtodieoffandraisingtheincidencesofliver,stomachandjaw
cancersin
peopleliving
inthe
villagesnearthefactories
to
skyrocket.
China'sextensiveefforttomakerapidmodernizationsandcreate
industrialization
hasresulted
in
the
needandmeansfor
the
ThreeGorges
Dam,whichprovides
hydroelectric
powerfor
muchofNorthern
China.It's
alsodisplaced
tens
ofmillions
of
people
whousedtolive,
fishandfarm
alongtheYangtzeRiver,andcausedmoreoftheChinaairpollutionand
urbanproblemstoexpand.
WhileChinaisthemanufactoryoftheworld,it'salsothelargest
consumer
of
illegally
harvested
timber.
China's
rapid
paceof
industrializationintheearly21stcenturymeantthatanewcoalfired
plantopeneduproughlyevertwoweeksduringthisperiodinChina.
Furthermore,China's
coal
miningoperations
arecausing
undergroundfires
thatspitouttonnesofCO
2,carbondioxide,everyday.
5ChinaEnvironmentalRegulations
ChinadoesnotregulateenvironmentalissuesthewaytheWesternworld
does;ina
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