英语失音弱读连读.docx
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英语失音弱读连读.docx
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英语失音弱读连读
听力失音连读表
失音与连读
在语速较快的时候,为了方便应用产生了失音和连读现象。
在四六级听力考试部分出现出现的尤其频繁。
这是四六级听力考试中难点所在.掌握好失音和连读是听懂和说一口地道美语的前提。
学习方法:
失音连读规则繁琐细致,逐条记忆会耗费大量时间。
本书将各种情况归纳列表附在本篇后,只需在浏览过规则以后将列表和例句通读几遍,便能自然掌握各种失音连读情况和培养出较强的英语语感,从根本上提高语言使用能力。
失音:
失音,顾名思义就是某一个或者几个音脱落,把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。
单词间的失音有四种类型。
类型一:
前一词以“持续音+/t//d/”结尾,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t//d/失音
其中包括:
/st/+辅音/ft/+辅音/t/+辅音/nd/+辅音/ld/+辅音/zd/+辅音/d/+辅音/vd/+辅音/t/+辅音/md/+辅音/d/+辅音/nt/+辅音/lt/+辅音
例如:
lastclass/l:
skl:
s/nextday/neksdei/bendback/benbk/
settledthere/setl/refusedboth/ri`fju:
zb/
类型二:
前一词以“破音/擦音+/t//d/"结束,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t//d/失音
其中包括:
/pt/+辅音/kt/+辅音(如完结于skt则脱k而不是t)/tt/+辅音/bd/+辅音/gd/+辅音/dd/+辅音/d/+辅音
例如:
keptquiet/kepkwait/sweptvalley/swepvli/likedjam/laikdm/
parchedthroat/p:
trt/fetchedme/fetmi:
/rubbedgently/rbidentli/
注:
后一词如始于h则/t//d/很少脱落
例如:
keptherwaiting/kepth:
`weiti/
类型三:
动词否定结尾的缩写形式n’t中的/t/失音(无论后一词以元音还是辅音开头)例如:
Youmustn’t/msn/loseitDoesn’t/dzn/sheknow?
Hewouldn’t/wudn/overeat。
类型四:
前一词以/t/结束,后一词以/t/或/d/开头,则前面的/t/往往失音.
例如
I'vegottogo./aiv`gtg/
hatdoyouwant?
/wdjuwnt/
另外,不完全爆破虽然没有归纳到失音类型里来,但实质上也存在不发音现象。
如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音(/p//b//t//d//k//g/)则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。
但是听者能感到这个音的存在.
例如:
cutdown/kdaun/stickto/stitu:
/breakdown/bridaun/letgo/leg/
连读:
连贯讲话自然会出现连读现象,在中文中也同样存在,例如传统的北京方言。
连读主要出现在意义联系较紧的词,如冠词与名词,数词和名词,动词与副词,连接词与代名词之间。
语义自然停顿的地方不用连读。
连读类型:
类型一:
辅音与下一个单词的元音连缀,使全句连贯。
例如:
inanhour/innau/annglishbook/niglibuk/
anapple/npl/alotoftime/`ltvtaim/
类型二:
单词以元音结尾,则在元音后加上/r/音以便和下个单词起首元音连缀。
据伦敦出版的第十三版PronouncingDictionary记载,元音间连读情况多出现在以///i////:
//:
//:
/结尾的词后。
例如:
moreorless/m:
rls/bearup/brp/
theideaofit/aidirvit/
类型三:
后单词以h开始,则前面单词结尾音直接与后面单词的元音连读,此处h很少发音。
例如:
givehim/givim/
lether/let:
/
失音列表:
类型一:
前一词以“持续音+/t//d/”结尾,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t//d/失音
/st/+辅音/ft/+辅音/t/+辅音/nd/+辅音/ld/+辅音/zd/+辅音/d/+辅音
/vd/+辅音/t/+辅音/md/+辅音/d/+辅音/nt/+辅音/lt/+辅音
/st/+辅音
²/st/+/p/dustpan/dspn/
²/st/+/t/nextto/nekstu:
/
²/st/+/k/lastclass/l:
skl:
s/
²/st/+/f/bestfriend/besfrend/
²/st/+/s/fastsociety/f:
ss`saiti/
²/st/+//firsttheme/fsi:
m/
²/st/+//worstshow/wsu/
²/st/+/t/lastchance/last:
s/
²/st/+/b/burstbubble/bsbbl/
²/st/+/d/nextday/neksdei/
²/st/+/g/almostgot/:
lmsgt/
²/st/+/v/lastversion/l:
s`v:
n/
²/st/+/z/bestzone/beszn/
²/st/+//noticedthat/ntist/
²/st/+/h/firsthair/f:
shi/
²/st/+/d/wristjewelry/risdu:
lri/
²/st/+/l/firstlight/f:
slait/
²/st/+/m/depressedmood/di`presmu:
d/
²/st/+/n/suppressednewspaper/s`pres`nu:
speip/
²/st/+/w/justone/dswn/
²/st/+/j/lasturopeanempire/l:
sjur`pin`empai/
²/st/+/r/westregion/wes`ri:
dn/
/ft/+辅音
²/ft/+/p/shiftpersonality/ifp:
s`nliti/
²/ft/+/t/leftturn/left:
n/
²/ft/+/k/shiftkey/ifki:
/
²/ft/+/f/shiftforoneself/if:
wn`self/
²/ft/+/s/softcentre/fffent/
²/ft/+//shifttheme/ifi:
m/
²/ft/+//giftshare/gif/
²/ft/+/t/driftchannel/driftnl/
²/ft/+/b/driftby/drifbai/
²/ft/+/d/driftdistance/drif`distns/
²/ft/+/g/shiftgears/ifgiz/
²/ft/+/v/riftvalley/rif`vli/
²/ft/+/z/shiftzeal/ifzi:
l/
²/ft/+//shiftthetarget/if`t:
git/
²/ft/+/h/shifthairstyle/if`hstail/
²/ft/+/d/shiftjoint/ifdint/
²/ft/+/l/shiftlearning/ifl:
ni/
²/ft/+/m/shiftmatrix/if`meitriks/
²/ft/+/n/driftnet/drifnet/
²/ft/+/w/leftwheel/lefwi:
l/
²/ft/+/j/shifturopeintoseveralcountries/if`jurp/
²/ft/+/r/shiftreaction/ifri:
`kn/
/t/+辅音
²/t/+/p/mashedpotatoes/mp`teituz/
²/t/+/t/finishedtoday'swork/finit`deisw:
k/
²/t/+/k/finishedclass/finikl:
s/
²/t/+/f/cherishedfriends/terifrendz/
²/t/+/s/pushedswitch/puswit/
²/t/+//pushedthem/puem/
²/t/+//finishedshaping/fini`eipi/
²/t/+/t/smashedchurch/smtt/
²/t/+/b/smashedbulk/smblk/
²/t/+/d/smasheddefence/smdi`fens/
²/t/+/g/smashedgate/smgeit/
²/t/+/v/smashedvase/smv:
z/
²/t/+/z/smashedzeal/smzi:
l/
²/t/+//pushtheboatout/pubutaut/
²/t/+/h/smashedhut/smht/
²/t/+/d/smasheddream/smdri:
m/
²/t/+/l/finishedlate/finileit/
²/t/+/m/dashedman/dmn/
²/t/+/n/finishednow/fininu/
²/t/+/w/dashedwith/dwi/
²/t/+/j/smashedurope/sm`jurp/
²/t/+/r/smashedresistance/smri`zistns/
/nd/+辅音
²/nd/+/p/lendpaperto/len`peiptu:
/
²/nd/+/t/yearnedto/j\ntu:
/
²/nd/+/k/lendcolourto/len`kl/
²/nd/+/f/foundfive/faunfaiv/
²/nd/+/s/plannedstrategy/plnstrtidi/
²/nd/+//lendthermos/len:
ms/
²/nd/+//athousandships/ausnips/
²/nd/+/t/athousandchairs/ausntz/
²/nd/+/b/bendback/benbk/
²/nd/+/d/athousanddollars/ausndls/
²/nd/+/g/shinedglass/aingla:
s/
²/nd/+/v/compoundverb/kmpaunvb/
²/nd/+/z/athousandzooms/ausnzu:
mz/
²/nd/+//lendthenametosb/lenineim/
²/nd/+/h/athousandhats/ausnhts/
²/nd/+/d/athousandjudges/ausnddiz/
²/nd/+/l/lend-lease/lenli:
s/
²/nd/+/m/tinnedmeat/tinmi:
t/
²/nd/+/n/lendnow/lennau/
²/nd/+/w/lendoneselfto/lenwn`selftu:
/
²/nd/+/j/lendyou/lenju:
/
²/nd/+/r/athousandriddles/ausnridlz/
/ld/+辅音
²/ld/+/p/mildpunishment/mail`pnimnt/
²/ld/+/t/yieldto/ji:
ltu:
/
²/ld/+/k/buildcastles/bilk:
slz/
²/ld/+/f/buildfor/bilf:
/
²/ld/+/s/fieldstudy/fi:
lstdi/
²/ld/+//pulledthrough/pu:
lru:
/
²/ld/+//coldshower/k`au/
²/ld/+/t/spoiledchild/spiltaild/
²/ld/+/b/chilledbeef/tilbi:
f/
²/ld/+/d/builddown/bildaun/
²/ld/+/g/oldgirl/lg:
l/
²/ld/+/v/oldvalley/l`vli/
²/ld/+/z/oldzoo/lzu:
/
²/ld/+//settledthere/setl/
²/ld/+/h/oldhand/lhnd/
²/ld/+/d/buildjoint/bil`dint/
²/ld/+/l/holdlight/hlait/
²/ld/+/m/oldman/lmn/
²/ld/+/n/oldnun/lnn/
²/ld/+/w/sealedwith/si:
lwi/
²/ld/+/j/oldyacht/ljt/
²/ld/+/r/worldreligion/w:
lri`lidn/
/zd/+辅音
²/zd/+/p/seizedpower/si:
z`pau/
²/zd/+/t/seizedtime/si:
ztaim/
²/zd/+/k/refusedconsent/ri`fju:
zkn`sent/
²/zd/+/f/refusedfreight/ri`fju:
zfreit/
²/zd/+/s/seizedsomeoneby/si:
z`smwnbai/
²/zd/+//raisedthroat/reizrt/
²/zd/+//causedshutdown/kzt`daun/
²/zd/+/t/raisedcheque/reiztek/
²/zd/+/b/refusedboth/ri`fju:
zb/
²/zd/+/d/causeddivision/kzdi`vin/
²/zd/+/g/seizedgoods/si:
zgudz/
²/zd/+/v/raisedvoice/reizvis/
²/zd/+/z/causedzealot/kz`zelt/
²/zd/+//causedtheresult/kzri`zlt/
²/zd/+/h/seizedholdof/si:
zhldv/
²/zd/+/d/raisedgently/reizgentli/
²/zd/+/l/causedloss/k:
zls/
²/zd/+/m/causedmemuchtrouble/kzmimttrbl/
²/zd/+/n/raisednoiselevel/reiznizlevl/
²/zd/+/w/refusedwood/ri`fju:
zwud/
²/zd/+/j/causedyou/kzdju:
/
²/zd/+/r/causedresult/k:
zri`zlt/
/vd/+辅音
²/vd/+/p/solvedproblem/slv`prblm/
²/vd/+/t/lovedtyping/lv`taipi/
²/vd/+/k/lovedkidding/lv`kidi/
²/vd/+/f/lovedflower/lvflau/
²/vd/+/s/involvedstate/in`vlvsdeit/
²/vd/+//lovedthreateningothers/lv`retni`z/
²/vd/+//lovedshaving/lv`eivi/
²/vd/+/t/lovedchurchgoing/lvt:
t`gi/
²/vd/+/h/lovedhim/lvhim/
²/vd/+/b/movedback/mu:
vbk/
²/vd/+/d/loveddating/lv`deiti/
²/vd/+/g/involvedgovernment/in`vlv`gvmnt/
²/vd/+/v/lovedvoting/lv`vti/
²/vd/+/z/lovedzoogoing/lvzu:
`gi/
²/vd/+//lovedtheplace/lvpleis/
²/vd/+/h/lovedhim/lvhim/
²/vd/+/d/involvedjudgment/in`vlv`ddmny/
²/vd/+/l/savedlife/seivlaif/
²/vd/+/m/lovedmyparents/lvmai`prnts/
²/vd/+/n/movednothing/mu:
vni/
²/vd/+/w/lovedwashing/lv`wi/
²/vd/+/j/lovedyachting/lv`jti/
²/vd/+/r/solvedriddles/slvridlz/
/md/+辅音
²/md/+/p/assumedposition/zu:
mp`zin/
²/md/+/t/armedtotheteeth/:
mtu:
ti:
/
²/md/+/k/assumedcondition/zu:
mkn`din/
²/md/+/f/armedforces/:
mf:
siz/
²/md/+/s/assumedsettlingday/zu:
m`setidei/
²/md/+//seemedthousandsofthem/si:
mausndzvem/
²/md/+//seemedshowy/si:
m`i/
²/md/+/t/seemedchanged/si:
mteindd/
²/md/+/b/seemedbad/si:
mbd/
²/md/+/d/assumeddata/zu:
m`deit/
²/md/+/g/seemedgreedy/si:
m`gri:
di/
²/md/+/v/assumedvalue/zu:
m`vlju:
/
²/md/+/z/seemedzealous/si:
m`sels/
²/md/+//deemedtheresultsunsatisfactory/di:
mri`zlts/
²/md/+/h/deemhighlyof/di:
m`hailiv/
²/md/+/d/seemedjoyful/si:
m`diful/
²/md/+/l/seemedlike/si:
mlaik/
²/md/+/m/assumedmedian/zu:
m`mi:
djn/
²/md/+/n/assumednothing/zu:
m`ni/
²/md/+/w/charmedwith/ta:
mwi/
²/md/+/j/doomedyear/dumji/
²/md/+/r/assumedresult/zu:
mri`zlt/
/d/+辅音
²/d/+/p/belongedpartlyto/bi`l`p:
tlitu/
²/d/+/t/belongedto/bi`ltu/
²/d/+/k/belongedcomfortablyto/bi`l`kmftblitu/
²/d/+/f/longedfor/lf:
/
²/d/+/s/ringedseal/risi:
l/
²/d/+//bangedthrough/bru:
/
²/d/+//bangedshut/bt/
²/d/+/t/bangedchurchgate/bt:
tgeit/
²/d/+/b/ringedbarrel/ri`brl/
²/d/+/d/kingeddomain/kid`mein/
²/d/+/g/dingedgossip/di`gsip/
²/d/+/v/kingedvalley/ki`vli/
²/d/+/z/ringedzone/rizn/
²/d/+//dingedthatintomymind/ditintumaimain
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