英文写作基础英文写作方法.docx
- 文档编号:5111488
- 上传时间:2022-12-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:14
- 大小:322.89KB
英文写作基础英文写作方法.docx
《英文写作基础英文写作方法.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英文写作基础英文写作方法.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英文写作基础英文写作方法
英语写作方法
英语写作方法六大原则:
1.advancedwords(高级词汇原则)
2.adverbialadvanceed(状语提前原则)
3.phrasespreferred(短语优先原则)
poundsentence,compositesentenceandsentenceofspecialkind(并列句、复合句和特殊句式原则)
5.longandshortsentencesalternately (长短句交替原则)
6.passagesinparagraphs(短文分段分层原则)
高分作文的五大特性
1.senseoforder(条理性:
段落完整,层次分明)
2.accuracy (准确性:
语法准确,用词精当)
3.fluency (流畅性:
层次清晰,行文连贯)
4.conciseness&variety(简洁、多样性:
语言简洁,不重复)
5.ideologicalcontent(思想性:
文章立意高,表达个人观点内容积极向上)
过渡词的使用
过渡词是一种关系指引词,一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。
此外,代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。
过渡词犹如“桥梁”,在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用,学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑,启、承、转、合,过渡自然,融会贯通,连成一体。
1、根据意思和作用的不同,过渡词可以分为以下十六类:
(1)表并列关系的过渡词:
and,also,aswell,aswellas,or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。
(2)表递进关系的过渡词:
besides,inaddition(加之,除……之外),moreover(此外,而且),what’smore,what’sworse等。
(3)表转折对比的过渡词:
but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,here…there,yearsago…today,this…that,theformer…thelatter,then…now,thefirst…whereasthesecond,once…now,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。
(4)表原因的过渡词:
because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto(由于),forthisreason,owingto, asfaras,consideringthat,seeingthat等。
(5)表结果的过渡词:
so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,thereby,hence,so…that,such…that?
accordingly等。
?
?
(6)表条件的过渡词:
if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。
(7)表时间的过渡词:
when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,?
eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。
(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:
first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterward(s)(后来),meanwhile(几乎同时),thereafter(在那以后),last,finally,eventually(终于)等。
(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:
inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。
(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:
forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。
(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:
infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。
(12)表强调的过渡词:
certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously,ofcourse,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely等。
(13)表比较、对比的过渡词:
like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,besimilarto,ratherthan,onthecontrary,bycontrast,oneonehand…,ontheotherhand,otherwise等。
(14)表目的的过渡词:
forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto等。
(15)表总结的过渡词:
inaword(总之,简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,toconclude,atlast,insummary,onthewhole等。
(16)表增补的过渡词:
inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what’smore,similarly,next,finally等。
2、文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。
“启”就是开头,“承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结。
(1)“启”。
用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头:
过渡词:
first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,
过渡句:
Itisoftensaidthat…,
Astheproverbsays…,
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,
Itisclear/obviousthat…,
Manypeopleoftenask…
(2)“承”。
表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中:
过渡词:
second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what
isworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt,
过渡句:
Itistruethat…,
Everybodyknowsthat…,
Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…,
Noonecandenythat…
Thereasonwhy…isthat…,
Thereisnodoubtthat…,
Totake…foranexample(instance)…,
Weknowthat…,
Whatismoreseriousisthat…
(3)“转”。
用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中:
过渡词:
but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate(无论如何),nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,
过渡句:
Idonotbelievethat…,
Perhapsyou’llaskwhy…
Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…,
Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith…,yetdifferenceswillbefound,
That’swhyifeelthat…
(4)“合”。
用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中:
过渡词:
inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus,afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum(总之),onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumup
过渡句:
Fromthispointofview…
Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat…
Theresultisdependenton…
Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust…
长短句结合
(1)句子既要生动,又要简明扼要。
(2)在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,如长短句结合,简单句、复杂句和复合句并用,还可以使用简化句等,一些较复杂的结构如独立结构,分词结构等也可以使用。
(3)可以使用一些特殊句式,如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等,增强语句的表现力,以增加文章“亮点”。
强烈建议:
在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!
文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
task1范文汇总
Version105
Task1
关于四个国家政府在1990-1995见的花销的比较四个piechart
四个部分的花销:
EducationDefenseHealthandOther
其中肯尼亚和另一个国家(记不起名字了)较为相似,在教育上的花销较大而在defense上很小,与之
相比较的是英国和美国,他们在教育上的expenditure较小,而健康和defense上很大,四个国家的相
同之处就是other占的比例最大,大约都在70%左右
105t1A
Thechartshowsthestatusofgovernmentfinanceinfourcountries,EnglandAmerica,Kenya,D,anditclassifiestheexpenditureinfourpart,includingEducation,Defense,Health,andother.
Thecommongroundoffourcountriesisexpenditureinotheraccountsfortheprimarypart,whichallareclosetoseventypercent.Thecostinhealthisalsosimilarinfourcountries.Fromthechartwecouldknowthattheinvestinhealthinthesecountriesholdstenpercentinallgovernmentexpenditureequally,exceptinEngland,thehealthexpenditureofwhichisaboutfifteenpercent.
ThedifferencesareinthepartofthecostinEducationandDefense.InEnglandandAmerica,thegovernmentspaymoreattentiontothedefense.Respectively,therearetenpercentinthefullcostinEnglandandfifteeninAmerica.Ontheotherhand,InKenyaandD,moreexpendingisusedinEducation,thecostofwhichisaboutfifteenpercent.ThecostinDefenseinbothcountriesisalittle.
verson105task1
Theabovefourpiechartsshowtheexpenditureconditioninfourcountries,Korea,America,Britain,andKenyaduring1990-1995.Itinfectsthegreatdifferencethatexistsbetweenwealthierandpoorernations.
Aswecanseefromthepiecharts,AmericanandBritishpeopletendtospendmoremoneyondefenseandhealth.TheproportionofhealthinAmericaandBritain,whichoccupied/tookup/comprised15%and17%respectively,washigherthantheothertwocountries.Theproportionofdefendwasover20%,particularlyinAmericaupto21%.ThecorrespondingfiguresforKenyaandKoreawere4%and5%each.
ThenoticeablecharacterofexpenditureinKoreaandKenyawashigherexpenseproportiononeducation.Thereare16%and12%ofthetotalexpenditureusedbythemoneducation.Thesefigureswereoverwhelminglyhigherthanthecorrespondingfigureof6%inAmericaand5%inBritain.
Thesefourcountrieshavesimilarconditionintheexpenditureaspectofeducation,defendandhealth,whichwasabout70%oftheoveralloutgoings.
A106task1
Thefollowingchartsdescribethesituationofpatentapplication.Chart1isabouttrendsofpatentapplicationform1985to1999.Chart2showstheproportionrelevanttoresidentsandnon-residentsinUSA,Japan,BrazilandZabya.
InChart1,thecolumnfiguresillustratesthenumberofnativepeopleinUSAisabout90000,whilethenon-nativefigureis85000.ThoughthetotalnumberismuchthanthesituationofJapan,thereare140000nativepeopleappliedforpatentinthiscountry.However,only30000applicationsareaboutnon-residents.Atthesametime,BrazilonlycontainsnativeapplicationandZabyaonlyhavenon-nativeapplication.
RegardingChart2,thelinegraphshowsanincreasingtrendofpatentapplication.From1981to1995,thefigureclimbedsteadywithsomeslightfluctuation.However,after1995,thisincreasingtrendbegantoascenddramaticallyfrom3millionapplicationstoalmost7applications.
Fromthecharts,indevelopedcountriessuchasJapanandUSA,thenumberofpatentapplicationcasesisnumerous,whiledevelopingcountrieshavelowfigures.Thepatentapplicationsimproverapidlyrecently.
108task1
ThefollowingcurvedchartshowthesituationconcerningthecostsofvideossalesandrentalstradeinEUandUSfrom1992to2000.Theabscissaofthechartrepresentsthevalueofeachelement,andtheordinatefiguresthetimeduring8years.
Inrentaltrade,therearedramaticallydifferentbetweenthesituationofUSandEU.in1992,therearealmost$6000profitsinUS.However,thetradeinEUonlygeneralized$2500atthesametime.ThenthetrendkeptclimbinginfollowingyearthoughtherewerestillsomelittledropsinUS,whileEUgotthedecreasefrom$2500to$1500.
Regardingthesituationofsalestrade,therewereveryclosefiguresin1992respectively$2000inUSand$1800inEU.ThenthedatainUShadascendedwithoutanyfallintheperiod.Simultaneously,afteraseriesfluctuations,thedatainEUdroppedto$1000in2000.
Fromthechart,thevalueaboutvideossalesandrentalinUSismuchthanEU.Rentalsare
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英文 写作 基础 方法