人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点.docx
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人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点.docx
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人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点
人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点(复习课用)
一.词汇
1.housework---合成词,不可数名词,homework,farmwork;dothehousework;helpmotherdo/withthehousework
2.hardlyadv几乎不,否定词,不与其它否定词连用,带有hardly句子,叫否定句
Eg,GarrycanhardlyspeakChinese,__canhe__?
Eg,He______ridesabiketoschool.Helikeswalking.
A.oftenB.alwaysC.usuallyD.hardly
#副词不能修饰名词,不能直接放在名词前。
Hardly+a/an+名词单数;hardly+any+名词复数/不可数名词
Eg,Icanhardlysee_____sheeponthehill.
A.SomeB.anyC.anD.much
#hardlyever=seldom频度副词“几乎不”三词{be动词,情态动词,助动词}之后,一词(实意动词)之前
IthardlyeverrainsinthenorthofChinainwinter.
Heishardlyeverill.
3.ever副词,“曾经”-------反义词never;
Ever常用于疑问句中,HaveyoueverbeentoChina?
4.次数表示法
1),一次once,两次twice----不规则
2),三次threetimes,四次fourtimes----三次以上:
基数词—+times-----twentytimes
IhavebeentoHefeithreetimes.
#对次数提问howmanytimes
#次数+时间段表示频度onceaweek;twiceamonth;threetimesayear.-------提问howoften
5.Internet首字母大写,前加the,在互联网上ontheInternet.类似:
ontheradio/onTV,onthecomputer/onthephone
6.full1)adj忙碌的------free-------busy
#主语为时间Tomorrowisfullforme.—Iwillbebusytomorrow.
2)adj满的-------empty“空的”
#befullof…里充满了…
Theroomisfullofsmoke.
#fillvt,填满,装满
#befilledwith…里装满了…
3)adj“饱的”----hungry“饥饿的”
Areyoufull?
7.maybe与maybe区别
Maybe副词“也许”,放在句首Maybeheisateacher.
Maybe情态动词+be动词原形“也许是,可能是”作谓语,放在主语之后,Hemaybeateacher.
8.least----little-----less对比much-----more-----most
Eg,Canwedothe____workwiththe____money?
A.less,moreB.least,mostC.more,lessD.most,least
Atleast至少+数字------atmost最多,至多
Lessthan不到,少于;morethan超过,多于=over
9.junkfood不可数
10.coffee,juice,milk,orange,water,tea
Acupofcoffee
11.healthn,健康------healthyadj健康的
名词作主语宾语(主语放句首,宾语放动词或介词之后)
形容词----名前系后形容词;名词前作定语,系动词后作表语;
Eg,Youshouldeat____food.It’sgoodforyour____.
Fruitandvegetablesarevery____.
12.asaresult结果
Asaresult,hewaslateforschool.
Hereistheresult.
13.10%----tenpercent-----基数词+percent,没有复数。
#百分数做主语,谓语看百分数代替的名词。
Eg,50%ofthestudentsinourclass____fromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comes
14.shoppingonline;goonline
15.although连词“虽然,尽管”引导让步状语从句,不与but连用。
Eg,_____heisverytired,____hestillworksinthefield.
A.Although,/B.Although,butC./,but
#=though,可以互换。
#让步状语从句“主将从现”---主句将来时,从句一般现在时。
Eg,Wewillgoonworkingalthoughitisrainytomorrow.
16.through----though对比
Through介词“通过,穿过”从物体内部穿过,
Across“通过,穿过”从表面经过,还含有从一边到另一边。
Eg,Go____thestreetandyoucangettothepostoffice.
Thelightgotintotheroom____thewindow.
Theboysswimacrosstheriver.
17.mind
1)n,头脑,大脑,思维,思想
Changeone’smind改变主意
2)动词“介意”
Minddoingsth介意做某事
Doyoumindopeningthedoor?
18.such与so区别
都含有“如此的,这样的…”
Suchadj,修饰名词。
----sucha/anadj+名词单数
Such+adj+名词复数/不可数名词
Eg,Ididn’tseesuchacleverboybefore.
#soadv修饰形容词副词。
So+adj/adv
Eg,Theflowersare___beautiful.
Theseare____beautifulflowers.
#例外:
当形容词表示数量many/much/few/little前面必用so.
Therearesomanypeopleinthesupermarket.
19.play…together/let’sgotogether
20.dievi不及物动词“死亡”Theoldmandiedyesterday.
#dieof/from死于…
#die现在分词dying,过去式died
名词death形容词dead“死的”dying“快要死的”
Theoldman’s____madehischildrenverysad.
Hehasbeen____fortwodays.
Hefounda_
__dogontheroadlastSunday.
21.write----writer;teach---teacher;dancer;worker;singer
Cleaner;
22.dentist-----doctor-----nurse-----hospital
23.however与but区别
都表示转折“但是,然而”however语气弱。
However副词,单独使用,句首,句末,句中,加逗号隔开。
Shelivesfarfromtheschool.However,sheisneverlateforschool.
But连词,连接并列句,放在句首,后不加逗号。
Shelivesfarfromtheschool,butsheisneverlateforschool.
24.than与then
Than连词“比”比较级的标志词
Heistallerthanme.
Then副词“那时,然后,接着”
Hegotupatsix,andthenhewashedhisface.
25.almost副词“几乎,差不多”=nearly
Almost可以修饰所有否定词no,not,nothing,noone…;放在否定词前。
Nearly一般不修饰否定词,但可以修饰not但要放在not后。
26.none三三两两不定代词“一个都没有,没有一个”
#后加of+名词复数/人称代词宾格---三者以上都没有;
NoneofthestudentsinourclassisfromJapan.
#none一般不单用,但有上文,可指代上文的人或事物,可单用。
可指三者以上的人或事物,也可指不可数名词。
Isthereanymilkinthefridge?
-No,____.
A.nothingB.nooneC.noneD.neither
None强调数量,用Howmany提问。
---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?
--____
A.NooneB.NoneC.NothingD.Nobody
#noone/nobody用who提问。
表示两者中没有一个---neither
27.point
n.“点,得分,分数”1.1---onepointone
haveapoint有道理,giveone’spoint说出某人观点
vi“指(点)”pointto/at指向…
二.课文
1.howoften/howlong/howfar/howsoon/howmanytimes
1).howoften“多久一次”问频度-----频度副词:
always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never;everyday/week/year/month/hour/minute;次数+时段onceaweek;
2).howlong“多久,多长时间,多长”---时间长度,物体长度
Howlongistheruler?
Howlongwillyoustayhere?
-----Fortwodays.howlong表示动作,状态持续了多长时间。
---for+时段/since+从句/时间点。
3).howfar“多远”—提问路程---A.基数词+距离单位(kilometer,meter,mile);B.时间段+交通方式(a.时间段’s+walk/ride/drive/flight;b.时间段+介词方式onfoot/bybus/bytrain/bybike…)
4).howsoon“还要多久”从现在起还要多久才开始做某事---in+时间段---一般将来时标志。
--HowsoonwillMrSmithcomeback?
---Intwodays.
5).howmanytimes“多少次”提问次数
Eg,--_____doesyourfatherexercise?
---Everymorning.
---________doesheexercise?
---Fivetimes.
---______doesheexercise?
--Forabouthalfanhour.
2.频度副词
1).always>usually>Often>sometimes>hardlyever>never
2).位置:
三词之后,一词之前
3).一般现在时标志。
Eg,Heusually____upatsix.
A.getB.getsC.gotD.getting
4)提问用howoften
3.helpsbwithsth/helpsbtodosth/helpsbdosth
Eg,Jimoftenhelpshismother____thehousework.
A.doesBdoC.doingD.withdo
4.onweekends/ontheweekend/atweekends/attheweekend
5.gotomovies/gotoamovie/gotothemovies/gotothemovie/gotothecinema/seeafilm
6.goshopping----goswimming/camping/boating/fishing/climbing/biking/hiking/dancing/skating
7.watchTV
8.favorite形容词“特别喜爱的,最喜爱的”前面必有形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格。
MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.
9.nextweek/year/month/Sunday/October/winter---将来时标志词
---lastweek/year/month…---过去时
10.Howcome?
怎么会这样?
11.have/takepianolessons/classes
12.whatkindof…哪种..
Akindof…一种..
Twokindsof…
Allkindsof各种各样的
Manydifferentkindsof许多不同种类的
13.在星期几on…onMonday/Tuesday…具体某一天用on;具体某一天某段时间on;onSundaymorning
At表示时刻at5:
00
14.haveto必须,不得不,加动词原形----情态动词,
有形式变化,hasto,hadto,willhaveto,疑问句、否定句借助动词do/does/did…
Hehastowalktoschool.
---一般疑问句Doeshehavetowalktoschool?
---Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.
否定句:
Hedoesn’thavetowalktoschool.
#同义词:
must
15.playtenniswithsb
16.playsports=dosports
17.wanttodosth/wantsbtodosth
18.begoodfor/at/with/to…
19.sleeplate
20.asksbtodosth/asksbnottodosth/asksbaboutsth/asksbforsth/asksbaquestion
21.fourtosixtimes
Twoorthreetimes
22.not…atall
23.theanswertothequestion
24.forfun
25.thebestwaytodosth
26.spendtimewithsb
27.Oldhabitsdiehard
28.startdoingsth/todosth
29.learnabout了解=knowabout
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