英语论文 王尔德童话《夜莺与玫瑰》中的唯美主义.docx
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英语论文 王尔德童话《夜莺与玫瑰》中的唯美主义.docx
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英语论文王尔德童话《夜莺与玫瑰》中的唯美主义
Declaration
Thisthesiscontainsnomaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainanyinstitutionsofhigherlearningandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thisdissertationcontainsnomaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextofthepresentdissertation.
Signed:
(ShiYanting)
Date:
May16,2011
Acknowledgements
ThisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthegeneroussupportfromYangXue.Iwishtoexpressmysincerethankstoherforhergreathelpwithworkingoutanoutlineofthispaperandofferingmewiseguidanceforhowtoaccumulatevaluabledataandorganizethispaper.Finally,mygratitudealsogoestothelibraryassistantswhohavesuppliedmewithreferencematerialsofgreatvalue.
Abstract
Fromtheaspectsofformandcontent,thisthesiswillanalyzetheembodimentofAestheticisminOscarWilde’sTheNightingaleandtheRose,inordertomanifesthisaestheticvaluesof“Artforart’ssake”and“Artissuperior”.Fromtheaspectofform,thepaperarguesfromrhetoricandimagetoanalyzethewritingmethodstoconstructfantasticimagesandmagnificentbeautyontheliterallevel.Fromtheaspectofcontent,thethesisanalyzesfromirony,symbol,depictionofcharacters,beautyofanticlimaxandbinaryantithesisoftwospecificelements,expressingtheauthors’intenseemotion,pursuittowardsartandbeauty,glorificationofgoodness,andcritiquetowardsvice.
Keywords:
Aestheticism;rhetoric;image;antithesis
摘要
本文从形式和内容入手,探讨了王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》童话中的唯美主义体现,从而揭示了王尔德“为艺术而艺术”,“艺术高于一切”的唯美主义价值观。
在形式上,分别从修辞、意象入手,分析了童话在文字层面上精巧华丽的美以及作者构造奇幻图画的写作技巧。
在内容上,从更深层次的讽刺、象征、人物刻画、死亡与悲剧之美以及二元对立等方面分析,表现了作者强烈的情感,对爱与艺术美的追求,对善的颂扬以及对恶的摈弃,并从中反映了艺术与当时社会现实生活的关系。
关键字:
唯美主义;修辞;意象;对立
Contents
Declaration……………………………………………………………………..…ii
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….........iii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….…….iv
摘要………………………………………………….…………………………v
ChapterOneIntroduction……………………………………………….1
ChapterTwoPreviousStudies……………………………………………….....4
ChapterThreeEmbodimentofAestheticisminform………………………….5
3.1.Beautyofrhetoric…………………………………………………………5
3.1.1Useofrepetition……………………………………………………5
3.1.2Useofantithesis……………………………………………………5
3.1.3Useofsynaesthesia…………………………………………………6
3.1.4Useofpersonification………………………………………………6
3.2Beautyofimage…………………………………………………………7
3.2.1Thecombinationofmovementandstillness………………………7
3.2.2Convertingbetweenconcreteandabstractimages…………………8
ChapterFourEmbodimentofAestheticismincontent…………………10
4.1Beautyofrhetoric………………………………………………………10
4.1.1Useofsarcasm…………………………………………………10
4.1.2Useofsymbol……………………………………………………11
4.2Beautyofimagery…………………………………………………………12
4.2.1Thenightingale……………………………………………………12
4.2.2Thestudent………………………………………………………14
4.2.3Beautyofanticlimax(deathandtragedy)…………………16
4.2.4Binaryantithesisoftwospecificelements……………………17
4.2.4.1Thebinaryantithesisofpoemandreality………17
4.2.4.2Thebinaryantithesisofdeepandshallowemotion18
ChapterFiveConclusion……………..….…….…………………………….…19
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….20
ChapterOneIntroduction
OscarWilde(1854—1900)isafamousdramatist,novelistandpoetinthe19thcentury’sEngland.Hehasagreatdealofaccomplishmentsinnearlyeveryfieldofliterature.HisnovelThePortraitofDorianGray,comediesLadyWindermere’sFan,AWomanofNoImportanceaswellasTheImportanceofBeingEarnestallcreatedsensationwhentheywerepublished.Withgiftsoflanguage,WildewasonceacclaimedbyYeats:
“Ineverbeforeheardamantalkingwithperfectsentences,asifhehadwrittenthemallovernightwithlabourandyetallspontaneous.”(吴伟仁,2006)
Inthe19thcenturyinEngland,industrydevelopedrapidly.Followingthedevelopmentofindustry,theprincipleofmaterialisminfiltratedintoeverystatusofthesociety.Wildethoughtthatintheagehelives“tobepracticaliseverything”,inhiswords:
“Presentpeople’slifehasbeenentirelyaffectedbybusiness.”AsEnglishfemalewriterVerginiaWoolfwroteinherlaterobservation:
“Behaviorofhuman-beingshavebeenchangedtremendously.”(章安祺,2003)
Inintellectualsphere,peoplegenerallyfeeltheshortageofcultureandlossofbeauty.Thusaestheticmovementsdevelopedintheuniversitiesandintellectualcirclesinthelastdecadesofthe19thcentury.Itreflectedartists’senseoffrustrationanduncertaintyagainstmaterialismandrestrictivemoralcodeofbourgeoisie.Becauseofthis,artistswithdrewfrompoliticalandsocialstage,andescapedintoaestheticisolation.Wildeisthemainrepresentationoftheaestheticmovement.Hisaestheticopinioncanbesummarizedas“Artissuperior.”Indetail,Wilde’saestheticismcanberelatedinseveralaspectsbelow:
Headvocatesthepureartistictheory.“Artforart’ssake”–Arthasindependentlife,whichisfarawayfromtherealworld,notrelatedtoethics.Allexcellentworksofartpursuepurearteffect.So,“theonlybeautifulthingisthatirrelevanttous.”“Artistsshouldneitherhaveanypurposesofutilitarianism,norberestrainedbyethics.”
Heemphasizes“theadmirationofform”Heconsidersthatarthasonehighestprinciple,theprincipleofform.Asheoncesaid:
“Youneedn’thavesuperbrationalimagination,deepsatiretowardslife,evenexcitedemotion.”“Formisallyouneed.”Abouttherelationshipbetweenlifeandarthethought,“Lifeimitatesartmuchmorethanartimitateslife.”Artisalwaysaheadoflife.It’snotartreflectingtherealitybuttherealityreflectingart.Therealsocietyisuglyandvulgar.Only“beauty”hasperpetualvalue.“Artissuperiortolife.Lifeisdullanddisorderly.Butartcansatisfyouremotionneedofloveandresent,joyandpain.”Hebelievesartsuperiortoallotherthings.“Inordertopursueentertainmentandbeauty,onecandisregardandsacrificeanything.”“Artislifeitself.Itisignorantofdeath,whichisabsolutetruth,ignorantoffacts.”(Ellmann,1988)Herearthasitsbroadenmeaning,whichincludesbeautyentertainmentandjoy.Herebeautyissomekindoffreebeautywhichissublimeepicureanandirrelevanttoutilitarianism;joyisnotpurelysensoryenjoyment,butcomingfromlife,creationandlove.
ThefairytaleTheNightingaleandtheRoseischosenfromhisTheHappyPrinceandOtherTales,1888.HisanotherbookaboutfairytaleisAHouseofPomegranates.Theyareregardedasworksofsuperiorqualityamongtheworld’screationoffairytales.ThefamousChinesewriterZhouZuorensaidthat:
“Thetwobooksarepurelypoems…Inmyopiniontheirfeatureistheplentifulwordsandwitofspirit.”(王开林,2002)Thesefairytalesextollovebeautyartandkindheart,satirizeselfishandcruelbehaviorandshowsympathytotheinsultedweak.“Thedifferentelementsofnarrationprovidesocialsatire,comedyofmanners,moralallegoryandacommentaryonaestheticismforthecognoscenti.”(Varty,2005)
InTheNightingaleandtheRose,thethemeisalsoaroundabovetopics.Astudentweptsadly,forthereasonthatthegirlhelovedpromisedtodancewithhimifhegotaredrose.Buthecan’tfindoneinhisgarden.Anightingalesawandwasmovedbythestudent.Regardinghimasatruelover,shedecidedtofindaredroseforhim.Disregardingsomeinsects’queryandsneer,shefliedoverthegarden,fromwhiterose-treetoyellowrose-tree,andthenfinallyfoundaredrose-tree.Thetreeanswereditwouldn’thaveanyrosethatyear,butifshewantedaredroseshemustsingallnightlongwithherbreastagainstathorn.Thethornmustpierceherheartandherlife-bloodmustflowintotree.Deathisagreatpricetopayforaredrose.Butthenightingalebelievedloveismorepreciousthanlife.Thusshedidwhattheredrose-treetoldhertodo.Shediedandaroseasredasrubywasproduced.Thestudentdiscoveredtheredroseinhisgarden.Hewassoexcitedforhehadneverseenanyroselikeit.However,whenhehopefullybroughttherosetothegirl,sherefused,becauseshewantedtodancewiththeChamberlain’snephewwhohadsenthersomerealjewels.AngrilytheStudentthrewtheroseandacart-wheelwentoverit.Hethoughtlovesillyandwentbacktoreadbooksagain.
Thisfairytalepraisedthenightingalekind-hearted,selfless,andperseveringinthepursuitoflove.Italsocriticizedthegirlungratefulsuperficial.RodneyShewanclaimedthisfairytaletobe“themostconcisesocialcritique”.(Shewan,1977)Throughthewholestory,Wilde’sviewsofAestheticismaremanifestedthemselves.Inthefollowingparagraphs,Iwillanalyzethemfromtheaspectsofformandimpliedmeaning,torevealhowWilde’sAestheticismisembodiedinthisfairytalebymorespecificanddetailedanalysisontheaspectsofrhetoricandimagery.Thuswecanhavedeeperunderstandingofthewriter,hisAestheticismandhisworks.
ChapterTwoPreviousStudies
Predecessorshaveeversinceresearchedthisfairytaleandhavealreadymadeprofoundachievementsinsomeaspects.
Theyanalyzedandeulogizedvariouskindsofbeauty,fromsuperficiallevelofdictionandsentencestodeeplevelofthemeandemotion.Theywantedtoprobetheinnerspiritofthefairytale,Wilde’sindividualtemperamentandstyle,andconnectthemtotheaestheticpurposeofWilde’screationandthewholesocialbackground.Wildeoncewrotetoafriendthatthetaleswere“meantpartlyforchildren,andpartlyforthosewhohavekeptthechildlikefacultiesofwonderandjoy,andwhofindinsimplicityasubtlestrangeness.”(Beckon,1970)whichIthinkmaybehismainpurposetowritethesefairytales.Hewantedtobringpeoplesimplejoyandmadethempo
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- 夜莺与玫瑰 英语论文 王尔德童话夜莺与玫瑰中的唯美主义 王尔德 童话 夜莺 玫瑰 中的 唯美 主义
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