大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案卷五.docx

大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案卷五.docx

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大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案卷五

2021年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案（卷五）

题号

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四

五

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得分

　　Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:

whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

　　WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:

amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

　　Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:

Mightdeafpeopleactually:

haveagenuinelanguage?

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?

Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

　　Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”

　　练习题：

　　Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

　　1.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________.

　　A.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

　　B.achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage

　　C.anapproach:

tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

　　D.anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage

　　2.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby_______.

　　A.afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

　　B.aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

　　C.anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

　　D.someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage

　　3.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________.

　　A.aSubstandardlanguage

　　B.agenuinelanguage

　　C.anartificiallanguage

　　D.aninternationallanguage

　　4.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought________.

　　A.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

　　B.signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

　　C.alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

　　D.alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds

　　5.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat________.

　　A.signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage

　　B.signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage

　　C.languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

　　D.languageisaproductofthebrain

　　参考答案及解析

　　1.[B]从文章第3句“手语提供了一种新方法，用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言，并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言（连同语法）究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释”可以看出，这是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战，即B。

A错在learning,文章并不是在讨论语言的学习，而是语言的产生和理解;C为简单原词干扰D;中的anattempttoclarifymisunderstanding是对thrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy的曲解，因为controversy不等于misunderstanding。

另外，第1段最后一句中的rebel“反叛”一词也与B中的“挑战”一致。

　　2.[C]根据第1段最后一句可知，选C。

题干中的wasstimulated相当于原文中的hasrootsin。

　　3.[B]根据第3段第2—4句以及最后一段第3句，可知B为答案。

前者提出猜想（Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?

），后者含有一个同位语hisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguages。

　　4.[D]根据最后一段第4句，可知D正确。

D中的onlyexistintheformofspeechsounds是对原文中bebasedonspeech的同义表达。

　　5.[D]根据文章最后一句，可知D正确。

D中的aproductofthebrain是对原文中brainstuff的同义表达。

B中的derivedfrom错误，因为Stokoe认为signlanguage就是一种naturallanguage。

　　Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

　　Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennis’D.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”

　　Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face;becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

　　TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould”reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.

　　TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbytheSupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti-patienttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC.wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratJorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

　　1.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

　　[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

　　[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

　　[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

　　[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

　　2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

　　[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

　　[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

　　[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

　　[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

　　3.Theword“about-face”mostprobablymeans

　　[A]lossofgoodwill

　　[B]increaseofhostility

　　[C]changeofattitude

　　[D]enhancementofdignity

　　4.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

　　[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

　　[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

　　[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

　　[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

　　5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

　　[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

　　[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

　　[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

　　参考答案及解析

　　1、选C.细节推理题。

文章第二段首句指出，“……准备对商业方法专利进行缩减，而该类专利从其合法化的那天开始就一直充满了争议。

”从此得出，现在对其进行缩减必将引起人们的“关注”。

　　2、选B.推理题。

该题可以采用排除法。

A、C、D选项都不符合文意。

　　3、选C.词汇题。

“about-face”在这里是承前启后的作用，because引导的从句是对于该词所述现象的解释，“当初就是联邦组通过的此类专利……”，而第二段提到了“现在……要缩减商业方法专利”，因此是“态度”的巨大转变。

　　4、选B.假推理题：

同义替换。

从“toomanypatentswerebeingupheld”中可以找到答案，而其他三个选项在最后两段都没有被提及。

　　5/选D.主旨题。

文章首段介绍了“过去10年”商业方法的专利授予状况，从第二段开始转到“现状”，同时，之后的各段均表述了联邦成员组对“商业方法专利”变化的立场。

　　InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

　　Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“twostepflowofcommunication”:

Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearing,promotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

　　Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.

　　Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence