托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四.docx
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托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四.docx
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托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四
2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案(卷四)
托福阅读文本:
Scientistshavediscoveredthatforthelast160,000years,atleast,therehasbeenaconsistent
relationshipbetweentheamountofcarbondioxideintheairandtheaveragetemperatureofthe
planet.TheimportanceofcarbondioxideinregulatingtheEarth'stemperaturewasconfirmedby
scientistsworkingineasternAntarctica.Drillingdownintoaglacier,theyextractedamile-long
cylinderoficefromthehole.Theglacierhadformedaslayeruponlayerofsnowaccumulated
yearafteryear.Thusdrillingintotheicewastantamounttodrillingbackthroughtime.
Thedeepestsectionsofthecorearecomposedofwaterthatfellassnow160,000yearsago.
ScientistsinGrenoble,France,fracturedportionsofthecoreandmeasuredthecompositionof
ancientairreleasedfrombubblesintheice.Instrumentswereusedtomeasuretheratioofcertain
isotopesinthefrozenwatertogetanideaoftheprevailingatmospherictemperatureatthetime
whenthatparticularbitofwaterbecamelockedintheglacier.
Theresultisaremarkableunbrokenrecordoftemperatureandofatmosphericlevelsofcarbon
dioxide.Almosteverytimethechillofaniceagedescendedontheplanet,carbondioxidelevels
dropped.Whentheglobaltemperaturedropped9°F(5°C),carbondioxidelevelsdroppedto190
partspermillionorso.Generally,aseachiceageendedandtheEarthbaskedinawarm
interglacialperiod,carbondioxidelevelswerearound280partspermillion.Throughthe160,000
yearsofthaticerecord,thelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefluctuatedbetween190and
280partspermillion,butneverrosemuchhigher-untiltheIndustrialRevolutionbeginninginthe
eighteenthcenturyandcontinuingtoday.
Thereisindirectevidencethatthelinkbetweencarbondioxidelevelsandglobaltemperature
changegoesbackmuchfurtherthantheglacialrecord.Carbondioxidelevelsmayhavebeen
muchgreaterthanthecurrentconcentrationduringtheCarboniferousperiod,360to285million
yearsago.Theperiodwasnamedforaprofusionofplantlifewhoseburiedremainsproduceda
largefractionofthecoaldepositsthatarebeingbroughttothesurfaceandburnedtoday.
托福阅读题目:
1.Whichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)Chemicalcausesoficeages
(B)Techniquesforstudyingancientlayersoficeinglaciers
(C)Evidenceofarelationshipbetweenlevelsofcarbondioxideandglobaltemperature
(D)Effectsofplantlifeoncarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere
2.Theword"accumulated"inline6isclosestinmeaningto.
(A)spreadout
(B)changed
(C)becamedenser
(D)builtup
3.Accordingtothepassage,thedrillingoftheglacierineasternAntarcticawasimportantbecause
it
(A)allowedscientiststoexperimentwithnewdrillingtechniques
(B)permittedthestudyofsurfacetemperaturesinanice-coveredregionofEarth
(C)providedinsightaboutclimateconditionsinearlierperiods
(D)confirmedearlierfindingsabouthowglaciersareformed
4.Thephrase"tantamountto"inline7isclosestinmeaningto
(A)complementaryto
(B)practicallythesameas
(C)especiallywellsuitedto
(D)unlikelytobeconfusedwith
5.Accordingtothepassage,Grenoble,France,istheplacewhere
(A)instrumentsweredevelopedformeasuringcertainchemicalelements
(B)scientistsfirstrecordedatmosphericlevelsofcarbondioxide
(C)scientistsstudiedthecontentsofanicecorefromAntarctica
(D)therelationshipbetweencarbondioxideandtemperaturewasdiscovered
6.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsusedisotopesfromthewateroftheicecoretodetermine
whichoffollowing?
(A)Theamountofairthathadbubbledtothesurfacesincetheicehadformed
(B)Thetemperatureoftheatmospherewhentheicewasformed
(C)Thedateatwhichwaterhadbecomelockedintheglacier
(D)Therateatwhichwaterhadbeenfrozenintheglacier
7.Theword"remarkable"inline14isclosestinmeaningto
(A)genuine
(B)permanent
(C)extraordinary
(D)continuous
8.Theword"link"inline23isclosestinmeaningto
(A)tension
(B)connection
(C)attraction
(D)distance
9.Thepassageimpliesthatthewarmesttemperaturesamongtheperiodsmentionedoccurred
(A)intheearlyeighteenthcentury
(B)160,000yearsago
(C)attheendofeachiceage
(D)between360and285millionyearsago
10.Accordingtothepassage,theCarboniferousperiodwascharacterizedby
(A)areductioninthenumberofcoaldeposits
(B)theburningofalargeamountofcoal
(C)anabundanceofplants
(D)anacceleratedrateofglacierformation
11.Thepassageexplainstheoriginofwhichofthefollowingterms?
(A)glacier(line5)
(B)isotopes(li
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