定语从句常见错误例析.docx

定语从句常见错误例析.docx

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定语从句常见错误例析

定语从句专项报告

---定语从句常见错误例析

青岛六中周汝宁

【热点综述】

定语从句是高中英语新教材中一个非常重要的语法项目,亦是一个难点,同时也是近几年高考英语单项填空题考查的热点。

由于其用法及内容繁杂,还牵涉到动词时态、主谓一致、不定代词等项目,在使用中往往犯这样或那样的错误,以至在考试中造成失分现象。

为澄清对定语从句的理解上所存在的误区,避免由于判断上的失误而造成的失分现象,现对在使用定语从句时常犯的错误进行归纳和总结。

1.省去作主语的关系代词

（1【误】Thechangeshavehappenedinthepastfewyearsmakethecitylookevenmorebeautiful.

【正】Thechangesthathavehappenedinthepastfewyearsmakethecitylookevenmorebeautiful.

（2【误】Thosewanttovisittheartexhibitionsignyournames,please.【正】Thosewhowanttovisittheartexhibitionsignyournames,please.

【析】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,而作主语却不可省去。

又如:

MostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtotheconferencewerefamousscientistsfromAfrica.（who不能省略

2.从句中使用冗余的人称代词或副词

（1Thecompositionswehandedthemintwoweeksagohaven’tbeenmarkedyet.

【析】从句中省去了作宾语的关系代词that/which,故them为多余的,应去掉。

（2AfterlivinginParisfor50years,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachildthere.

【析】关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,使用there属语义重复,故去掉。

3.as与it,which混用

（1【误】Ithasbeenmentionedabove,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing.

【正】Ashasbeenmentionedabove,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing.

【析】as引导的非限定性定语从句置于句首,对整个主句起说明作用。

（2【误】Asisknowntoallthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtohealth.

【正】Itisknowntoallthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtohealth.

或Asisknowntoall,smokingdoesgreatharmtohealth.

【析】As引导非限定性定语从句,若置于句首,要用逗号与主句隔开;it放在句子开头,作形式主语,将从句置于句子后边,中间无逗号。

（3【误】Tomdrinksaloteveryday,ashiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.

【正】Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.

【析】用as/which引导非限定性定语从句的区别在于:

as从句既可放在主句后,也可置于句首,而which从句只能放在主句后面:

当主句与从句语义一致时,通常用as;反之则用which。

也就是说,定语从句如果表否定意义,往往用which引导。

4.从句中误用人称代词或物主代词。

（1【误】Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwan.

【正】Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.或Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwan.

（2【误】Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaretechnicians.

【正】Hehastwosons,bothofthemaretechnicians.

Hehastwosons,andbothofthemaretechnicians.

【析】在定语从句中要用关系代词和关系副词,不能用人称代词和副词。

人称代词和副词只能用在独立的单句或分句中。

（3【误】ThebossinhisdepartmentMs.Kingworkedlookeddownuponwomen.

【正】ThebossinwhosedepartmentMs.Kingworkedlookeddownuponwomen.

【析】从句中用whose作定语,修饰名词。

又如:

Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,whoseleadingactorsareworld-famous?

5.关系代词与关系副词混用。

（1【误】WhatImissbadlyarethosehappyhourswhenIspenttogetherwiththem.

【正】WhatImissbadlyarethosehappyhours（that/whichIspenttogetherwiththem.

（2【误】IliveinHongKong,whereistheSpecialAdministrativeZone.【正】IliveinHongKong,whichistheSpecialAdministrativeZone.（3【误】IsthismuseumtheonewheresomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?

【正】Isthismuseumtheonethat/whichsomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?

【析】关系代词在定语从句中作主语、表语和定语等;而关系副词在从句

中作状语。

6.误用v-ing结构替换定语从句。

（1【误】Thegirlbringingmilkhereeverymorningisfromamountainvillage.【正】Thegirlwhobringsmilkhereeverymorningisfromamountainvillage.

（2【误】Thescholarsreturningfromabroadrecentlywereawardedbythelocalgovernment.

【正】Thescholarswhohadreturnedfromabroadrecentlywereawardedbythelocalgovernment.

【析】下列两种情况定语从句不宜用v-ing替换:

定语从句谓语动词的动作先于主句谓语动词的动作。

7.that与which的混用

（1【误】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,thatwasmorethanweexpected.

【正】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanweexpected.

（2【误】ThestoriesabouttheSecondWorldWarwerewellwritten,ofthatthisisoneexample.

【正】ThestoriesabouttheSecondWorldWarwerewellwritten,ofwhichthisisoneexample.

【析】that和which各有使用的情况,两者不能混淆。

在非限制性从句及介词后要使用which。

下列情况须用that:

①先行词为something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等。

②先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

③先行词被all/thevery/theonly等修饰时。

④先行词既有人,又有物时。

如:

（1Thethieffinallyhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

（2Allthatcanbedonemustbedonewell.

（3TheOriginofSpecieswasoneofthemostimportantbooksthatwerepublishedduringthe18thcentury.

（4Inclassourteachertoldusaboutthefamouswriterandhismasterpiecesthatwereunknowntousall.

（5Ah,hereistheverythingthatIamafter.

8.数的误用

（1【误】I,whoisyourclosefriend,willcertainlyhelpyouwhenintrouble.【正】I,whoamyourclosefriend,willcertainlyhelpyouwhenintrouble.【析】定语从句谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致,因此应把is改为am。

（2Thisistheonlyoneofthetape-recordersinthesoundlabthatdoesn’tneed

repairing.

【析】one前有theonly修饰,故one为先行词,从句谓语动词用单数doesn’tneed。

9.限定性与非限定性定语从句的误用

（1【误】AbrahamLincolnwholedtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheseyearswasshotatatheatreinWashington,D.C.

【正】AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheseyearswasshotatatheatreinWashington,D.C.

【析】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用,非限定性定语从句对先行词进行说明解释。

非限定性定语从句使用的情况:

①先行词为专有名词时;②先行词被指示代词this/these等修饰时;③定语从句由不定代词或数词+whom/which引导时;④从句由复合介词（infrontof/inthemiddleof/atthebackof/atthetopof等+whom/which引导时。

例如:

（1IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.

（2Thesegoods,whichmyfrienddeliveredtwomonthsago,reachedmeonlyyesterday.

（3Wehadtwospareroomsdownstairs,neitherofwhichhadbeenusedforatleastayear.

（4Soonwearrivedatfarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.

10.as与that的混用

【误】Thehousewassoldatsuchalowpricethatpeoplehadn’texpected.【正】Thehousewassoldatsuchalowpriceaspeoplehadn’texpected.

【析】先行词前若有such/thesame/as/so等词修饰时,从句须用as引导。

例如:

（1Thisissuchaheavysuitcaseasyoucan’tcarry,I’mafraid.

（2I’lltakethesametrainashedidlastweektoShenzhen.

若先行词前有形容词比较级修饰时,从句一般用than引出,如:

Hesatatthetableforanhouranddrankconsiderablymorewinethanisgoodhealth.

【考题精解】

1.hesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice______peopleexpected.（上海

2000

A.likeB.asC.thatD.which

【析】本句包含一个定语从句修饰“alowprice”,从句中缺宾语,应选关系代词,可排除A项;由于先行词alowprice被such修饰,应选as。

2.Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.（上海2000

A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom

【析】本句定语从句中的动词结构为“youtoldmeaboutthegentleman”应选B。

3.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______.hegrewupasachild.（全国1996

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when

【析】本句包含一个定语从句修饰“thesmalltown”,从句中缺状语,因而应选关系副词,根据上下文应表示地点,应选B。

4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.（全国1994

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

【析】本题中的定语从句修饰Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,因而此处要求填上关系代词,在从句中作主语,选B。

5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.（全国1999

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

【析】本题中的定语从句修饰CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,因而此处要求填上关系代词,在从句中作主语,选D。

6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.（全国1991

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis

【析】本句后面部分为定语从句,Ithink作插入成分,which在从句中作主语,修饰discovery,应选A。

7.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.（上海1999

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

【析】本句前面部分为定语从句,所需关系代词指代主句,在从句中作主语,且这个定语从句在句首,答案选B。

8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedforayear.（全国1990

A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which

【析】本题后面部分为非限制性定语从句,空白处应填关系代词指代tenwindows。

同时又起连接作用,在从句中作介词of的宾语。

that不能用于非限制性定语从句,答案选D。

【范例分析】

1.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings______theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom

【析】本句中的定语从句缺宾语,因此应选关系代词,其先行词thepersonsandthings既指物,只有关系代词that为正确答案。

2.Theprettyhouse______doorisalwayslockedbelongstoarichman.

A.itsB.ofwhichC.whereD.whose

【析】door前缺限定词作定语,应选D,若door前面有the可选ofwhich。

3.Thepolicefinallycaughtupwiththeman______wastheescapedprisoner.A.whotheythoughtB.whomtheythought

C.theythoughthimD.thattheythoughthim

【析】空白后面的定语从句缺关系代词作主语,不要根据选项误认为缺宾语,此句的关键是theythought为插入成分,句子结构不受其影响,应选A。

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.who

【析】本句定语从句修饰thedays,定语从句中主谓宾完整,因此此处应表示时间,选A。

5.Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.itB.thisC.whatD.which

【析】本句为一个主从复合句,两个句子间无连接词,不能选A或B;空白处中的词应既起连接作用,又起指代作用,应选D。

6.Peter,______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasfitterthanIwas.

A.whoB.withwhomC.whomD.forwhom

【析】本句的非限制性定语从句中,所需关系代词指人,但在定语从句中并不缺主语或宾语,所选关系代词前需加介词,根据谓语部分应为Iplayedtenniswith,答案应选B。

7.Thebuses,______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.littleofwhichD.littleofthem【析】本句所包含的是定语从句,因而不能选A或D,根据题意,应选B。

【能力迁移训练】

1.DDBCC6.BBBBA10.DBDCB16.CBBDD21.BABBC26.CDDDD

1.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace______youmayspendyourweekend.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

2.Doyouknowthereason______shegotsoangryyesterday?

A.howB.forthatC.whichD.why

3.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoher.

A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.why

4.Thereisnodictionary______youcanfindeverything.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there

5.Istillremembertheday______shefirstworethatpinkdress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.atwhich

6.Thatwastheonlygateby______wecouldrushoutandsavethose______wereingreatdanger.

A.that,whichB.which,whoC.it,whoD.whom,that

7.Jackispleasedwith______youhavegivenhimandall______youhavetoldhim.

A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which

8.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

9.Theheadmasterwassatisfiedwith______you’vedo