英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon(齿乳象).
BrothersShawnandCaidSellersandcousinMichaelMahalitcfoundtheprehistoricboneinapieceofearththatwasrecentlyplowed(犁、耕)."Ithoughtitwasalog,"Caidsaid."ItriedtopickitupanditwasreallyheavyandIsawteethonit."Theboneweighedabout50pounds.Theyeventuallygotthebonetotheirhomeandfitteditintheirtub(浴盆),butittooktheircollectivestrength,mightandagolfcart,tocarrythelargeMastodonbone.
"Theydidn'texpecttofindthat,"Michael'smomsaid."Nowthattheyhave,Ibelievethattheywillbemoreawareoftheirsurroundingsandwhatthey'rediggingupwhentheyarediggingandplaying."
"We'vegottenalotofpetrified(石化的)woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat'swhatIthoughtitwas,"thebrothers'mothersaid."Thisisourfirstsetofteethwe'vefound.Sowethoughtitwastheirimagination.Wewerequitesurprisedtoseethatitwasnottheirimagination."
Theywereexploringnearthebrothers'home.Loandbehold(真想不到),theysawwhattheythoughtresembledafossil.Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology(古生物负责人)oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa"verymatureindividual."
TheMastodonwasamammalwholivedduringtheprehistorictimes.Theyhadlongtusksandtrunks,likeelephants.Theywereclearlydifferentfromtheirmodern-daycounterparts,aswellaswoollymammoths(猛犸).
(1)HowdidtheyfindthejawboneofaMastodon?
A. Withgreatefforts.
B. Bychance.
C. Instructedbyanexpert. D. Throughimagination.
(2)Atfirstthebrothers'motherthoughtthejawbonewas .
A. frompeoplewhodiedintheCivilWar B. thebonefromaverymatureindividual
C. likealogorsomething D. theprehistoricbone
(3)ThediscoveryofthejawboneofaMastodonisimportantmainlybecauseit .
A. helpspeopletoknowmoreabouttheCivilWar B. teacheskidstobemoreawareoftheirsurroundings
C. promotestheresearchonmoreprehistoriccreatures D. attractstheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience
(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthearticle?
A. PrehistoricBonesRecentlyFoundinMississippi B. NotPetrifiedWoodNorCivilWarRelics
C. FirstIdentifyingBoneasa"VeryMatureIndividual" D. UnexpectedlyDiscoveringMastodonJawbone
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了齿乳象的颚骨,起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸,所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段“ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon(齿乳象).”可知他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现齿乳象的颚骨的。
故选B。
(2)考查判断推理。
根据第四段中的“We'vegottenalotofpetrified(石化的)woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat'swhatIthoughtitwas”可知之前他们曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物,所以他的母亲认为这次他们发现的还是内战里死亡的人的遗物。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology(古生物负责人)oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa‘verymatureindividual.’”“可知齿乳象的颚骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文是一篇记叙文,美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了史前巨物齿乳象的颚骨,起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸,所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs
You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel(分贝)level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.
ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.
Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation(刺激).Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic(悲剧的)consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.
Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas(视网膜)andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It'sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,”saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.
StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.
Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.
(1)WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?
A. Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.
B. Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.
C. Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.
D. Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.
(2)Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?
A. Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.
B. Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.
C. Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.
D. Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.
(3)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?
A. Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.
B. Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.
C. Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.
D. Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing(低头).
(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.
A. compareandcontrast B. informandexplain
C. argueanddiscuss
D. examineandevaluate
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.”现在,加州大学旧金山分校(UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层,而不是大脑的高级思维区域。
可知,在到达更高的大脑之前,声音已经被整理出来了,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking-ourbrainsarewiredfor‘selectiveattention’andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制,一次只能专注于一件事。
可知,我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto‘inattentionalblindness’,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.”可知,D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。
”是一个“inattentionalblindness”的例子。
故选D。
(4)考查目的意图。
根据最后一段中的“Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔,以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。
专家说,更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务,但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力,而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。
可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行讨论推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Manyscientiststodayareconvincedthatlifeexistselsewhereintheuniverse---lifeprobablymuchlikethatonourownplanet.Theyreasoninthefollowingway.
Asfarasastronomerscandetermine,theentireuniverseisbuiltofthesamematter.Theyhavenoreasontodoubtthatmatterobeysthesamelawsineverypartoftheuniverse.Therefore,itisreasonabletoguessthatotherstars,withtheirownplanets,wereborninthesamewayasourownsolarsystem.Whatweknowoflifeonearthsuggeststhatlifewillarisewherevertheproperconditionsexist.
Liferequirestherightamountandkindofatmosphere.Thiseliminates(除去)allthoseplanetsintheuniversethatarenotaboutthesamesizeandweightas
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