土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx
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土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx
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土木工程专业外文文献及翻译
(
二〇一二 年六月
英文原文:
Building constructionconcretecrackof
preventionand processing
Abstract
Thecrackproblemofconcreteis awidespreadexistencebut againdifficultinsolveofengineeringactualproblem,thistext carriedonastudyanalysisto a littlebitfamiliarcrackproblemintheconcreteengineering,andaimatconcretethecircumstanceputforwardsome prevention,processingmeasure.
Keyword:
Concretecrackpreventionprocessing
Foreword
Concrete'sising 1kindisanticipatebythefreestonebone,cement,water and other mixturebutformationofthe in addition materialofqualitybrittlenessnotandallmaterial.Becausetheconcreteconstructiontransformwith oneself,controletc.aseriesproblem, hardenmodelof intheconcreteexistencenumeroustinyhole, spiritcaveandtinycrack, isexactlybecausethese beginningstartblemishofexistence just maketheconcretepresentone some notandallthecharacteristicofquality.Thetinycrackisakindof harmlesscrackandaccept concreteheavy,defendShen anda littlebitotherusefunctionnot acreationtoendanger.Butaftertheconcretebesubjectedtolotuscarry,differenceintemperatureetc. function,tinycrackwouldcontinuouslyof expandwithconnect,endformationwe canseewithouttheaid ofinstrumentsofmacro view thecrack bealsothe crackthattheconcreteoftensay intheengineering.
ConcretebuildingandGoupiece usuallyalltakesewertomake of, because ofcrack ofexistenceanddevelopmentusuallymake innerpartofreinforcingbaretc. materialcreation decay,lowerreinforcedconcrete materialofloadingability, durable and anti-Shen ability, influence buildingofexternal appearance, servicelife,severity will threatarrivepeople'slifeandpropertysafety.Alotofallof crashofengineeringsisbecauseof theunsteady developmentofthe crackwiththeresultthat.Modern age scienceresearchwithagreatdeal ofofthe concreteengineeringpracticecertificate,intheconcreteengineering crackproblemis ineluctable,alsoacceptableincertainlyofthescopejustneedtoadoptvalid ofmeasure willitendangerdegreecontrolatcertainof scopeinside.The reinforced concrete normisalso explicitprovision:
Somestructureatplace of dissimilarityundertheconditionallowexistence certainthecrackof width.Butatunderconstructionshouldasfaraspossibleadoptavalidmeasurecontrolcrackcreation,makethestructuredon'tappearcrackpossibly orasfaras possibledecrease crack ofamountandwidth, particularly want to asfaraspossibleavoid harmfulcrackofemergence, insureengineeringquality thus.
Concretecrackcreation of thereason be alot ofand havealreadytransformedtocauseofcrack:
Suchastemperaturevariety, constringency,inflation,theasymmetrysink tosink etc.reasoncauseofcrack;Have outsidecarry thecrack thatthe functioncause;Protected environmentnotappropriatethecracketc.caused withchemicaleffect.Want differentiationto treatintheactualengineering, work°out aproblem accordingto theactualcircumstance.
Intheconcreteengineeringthe familiarcrackandtheprevention
1.StemSuocrack andprevention
Stemthe Suocrackmuchappear aftertheconcreteprotectbeover of aperiodof timeorconcretesprinkleto build tocompletebehindof aroundaweek.Inthecement syruphumidityofevaporatewould creationstemSuo,andthiskindofconstringencyiscan't negative.StemSuo crackofthecreation bemainisbecauseof concreteinsideoutsidehumidityevaporatedegreedissimilaritybutcausetotransformdissimilarityof result:
Theconcreteissubjectedto exteriorcondition ofinfluence, surfacehumiditylosslead quick, transformbigger,inner partdegree ofhumidityvarietysmaller transformsmaller, biggersurfacestemtheSuotransformto besubjectedtoconcreteinnerpart control,creationmorebigpullshoulddintbutcreation crack.Therelativehumidity ismore low, cement syrupbodystemSuomorebig,stem theSuo crackbemoreeasycreation.StemtheSuo crackismuch surfaceparallellinesformor thenetshallowthincrack,widthmanybetween 0.05-0.2mm,theflatsurface partmuchseeinthebigphysicalvolume concreteand followitmore inthinnerbeamplankshorttodistribute.StemSuocrack usuallythe anti-Shenofinfluence concrete,cause the durableoftherusteclipse influenceconcrete ofreinforcing bar,underthefunctionofthe waterpressuredintwould creation thewaterpowersplit crackinfluenceconcreteofloading dintetc..Concretestem the Suo bemainwith waterash oftheconcrete ratio,thedosageofthecomposition,cementofcement,gather toanticipate ofthedosageofthe propertyanddosage,in additionetc. relevant.
Mainprevention measure:
Whilebeingto choosetousetheconstringencyquantitysmallercement,generallow hotwater mire andpowderashfromstovecementintheadoption,lowerthedosageofcement.Twoisaconcrete ofstem the Suobe subjectedtowaterashratioofinfluence more big,waterash ratiomore big,stemSuomorebig,sointheconcretematch the ratiothedesign shouldasfaraspossiblecontrolgood waterashratioof choose touse, theChan addin themeantimeaccommodation of reduce water.Three isstrictcontrolconcretemixblend withunderconstructionofmatch ratio, useofconcretewater quantityabsolutecan'tbiginmatch ratio design givesettle ofusewater quantity.Four is the earlier period whichstrengthenconcretetoprotect,andappropriateextensionprotectofconcretetime.Winterconstruction want to beappropriateextension concrete heat preservation tooverlaytime,and Tu2Shua protect toprotect.Five isaconstitution theaccommodationisintheconcrete structureoftheconstringencysew.
2.TheSuconstringencycrackand prevention
Su constringencyistheconcreteisbeforecondense,surfacebecauseoflosewaterquickerbut creationofconstringency.TheSuconstringencycrackisgeneralat dryheatorstrong wind theweatherappear, crack'smuchpresentinginthecenter breadth, bothendsbeinthecenterthinandthelength bedifferent,witheachother notcoherentappearance.Shortercrack generallong20-30 cm,thelongercrackcanreach toa 2-3m, breadth1-5mm.Itcreationofmain reason is:
Theconcreteiseventuallyalmost havingno strengthorstrengthbeforetheNingvery small,perhapsconcrete justeventuallyNingbutstrengthvery hour, be subjectedtoheatorcomparestrongwinddint ofinfluence, theconcretesurfacelosewater tolead quick, resultinin thecapillarycreationbigger negativepressbutmakeaconcretephysicalvolumesharplyconstringency,but at thistimethestrengthof concreteagaincan'tresistitsconstringency, thereforecreation cracked.The influenceconcreteSuconstringencyopenthe mainfactorof cracktohave water ashratio,concrete ofcondense time,environmenttemperature,windvelocity,relativehumidity...etc..
Mainprevention measure:
One is choosetouse stemtheSuovaluesmallerhigherHuosour saltoftheearlierperiod strength orcommonthe Huosourbrine mire.Twoisstrict thecontrolwaterash ratio,theChanaddto efficiently reducewatertoincrement the collapseofconcretefalladegreeandwitheasy, decreasecementandwaterof dosage.Threeisto sprinkle before building concrete,waterbasiclevel and templateeventosoak through.Fourisintimeto overlay theperhapsdampgrassmatofthe plasticsthinfilm,hempsliceetc.,keepconcrete eventuallybefore theNingsurfaceis moist,perhapsspraytoprotectetc.tocarryonprotectintheconcretesurface.Fiveisintheheatand strongwindtheweathertowanttoestablishtohidesunandblockbreezefacilities,protect in time.
3.Sinkto sinkcrackandprevention
Thecreationwhichsinktosink crack isbecauseofthestructure foundation soilquality notandevenly, loosesoftorreturntofillsoildishonestorsoakinwaterbut resultinthe asymmetry sink todeclinewiththeresultthat;Perhapsbecause of templatejustdegreeshortage,thetemplateproppedupto oncebeapartfrom bigorprop upbottomloosemoveetc.to cause,especiallyatwinter,the templatepropupat jellysoil up,jellythesoilturnjellyempresscreationasymmetrytosinktodeclineand cause concrete structurecreationcrack.Thiskindcrackmanyis deepenter orpierce throughsexcrack, italignment havesomethingto dowith sinkingtosinka circumstance, generalfollowwithgroundperpendicularorpresent30°s-45°Capedirectiondevelopment,biggersink tosinkcrack,usually havecertainofwrong,crackwidthusuallywithsinktodeclinequantity directproportionrelation.Crackwidth underthe influenceoftemperaturevariety smaller.The foundationaftertransformstabilitysinktosink crackalso basictend instability.
Mainprevention measure:
Oneisrightnessloosesoftsoil, return tofillsoilfoundationaconstructionatthe upper partstructurefront shouldcarry onnecessityofHangsolidwithreinforce.Twoisthestrength thatassurancetemplate isenoughandjustdegree,andpropupfirm,and make the foundationbesubjectedtodinteven.Three is keepconcretefromsprinkleinfusingthefoundationintheprocessis soakby water.Fouristimethattemplatetore downto can't betoo early,andwantto noticetodismantleamoldorderofsequence.Five isatjellysoil toptaketo establishtemplate tonoticetoadoptcertainofpreventionmeasure.
4.Temperaturecrackandprevention
Temperature crack muchtheoccurrenceisinbigsurfaceor differenceintemperature varietyof the physicalvolumeconcretecompare theearthareaoftheconcretestructure.Concrete aftersprinklingtobuild, inthe hardening the process,cementwaterturnacreationa greatdealof ofwaterturnhot,.(bethe cementdosageisinth
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