考研英语常用的前缀后缀.docx
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考研英语常用的前缀后缀.docx
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考研英语常用的前缀后缀
词汇篇
常用的前缀和后缀自我测试
1.常用前缀
aero-:
concerningtheairoraircraft
plane-aeroplane
space–aerospace
auto-:
oforbyoneself
biography–autobiography
criticism–autocriticism
self-:
bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitself
employed–self-employed
taught–self-taught
bio-:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry–biochemistry
sphere–biosphere
by-,bye-:
lessimportant
product–by-product
way–byway
re-:
again;backtotheformerstate
unite–reunite
use–reuse
im-:
not
moral–immoral
possible–impossible
in-:
not
direct–indirect
correct–incorrect
un-:
not
certain–uncertain
fortunate–unfortunate
ir-:
not
regular–irregular
responsible–irresponsible
il-:
not
legal-illgal
literate–illiterate
non-:
not
smoker-non-smoker
sense–nonsense
dis-:
not;theoppositeof
advantage–disadvantage
agree–disagree
honest–dishonest
mis-:
badorbadly;wrongorwrongly
fortune–misfortune
understand–misunderstand
de-:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code–decode
value–devalue
pro-:
infavorof,supporting
America–pro-America
abortion–pro-abortion
anti-:
against;oppositeof
nuclear-antinuclear
matter–antimatter
war–antiwar
counter-:
opposite
act–counteract
attack–counterattack
contra-:
opposite
diction–contradiction
natural–contranatural
semi-:
half;partly
circle–semicircle
final–semifinal
hemi-:
half
hemi-hemisphere
mono-:
one;single
plane–monoplane
tone–monotone
uni-:
one;single
form–uniform
directional–unidirectional
bi-:
two;twice;double
lingual–bilingual
cycle–bicycle
tri-:
three;threetimes
angular–triangular
cycle–tricycle
mini-:
small;short
bus–minibus
skirt–miniskirt
multi-:
morethanone;many
purpose–multipurpose
national–multinational
poly-:
many
centric–polycentric
syllabic–polysyllabic
super-:
more,larger,greaterthanusual
marker–supermarket
natural–supernatural
extra-:
outside;beyond
curricular–extracurricular
ordinary–extraordinary
ultra-:
beyond;very,extremely
modern–ultramodern
sound–ultrasound
macro-:
large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsof
economics–macroeconomics
structure–macrostructure
micro-:
extremelysmall
computer–microcomputer
electronics–microelectronics
centi-:
hundredthpart
grade–centigrade
meter–centimeter
kilo-:
thousand
gram–kilogram
meter–kilometer
co-:
together,with
author–coauthor
exist–coexist
col-:
(usedbeforel)together,with
location–collocation
com-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with
passion–compassion
con-:
together,with
centric–concentric
federation–confederation
cor-:
(usedbeforer)together,with
relate–correlate
respond–correspond
be-:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend–befriend
little–belittle
em-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body–embody
power–empower
en-:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger–endanger
large–enlarge
ex-:
former(andstillliving);out
minister–ex-minister
wife–ex-wife
port-export
fore-:
inadvance,before;inoratthefront
arm–forearm
warn–forewarn
pre-:
before
war-prewar
school-preschool
post-:
laterthan;after
graduate–postgraduate
war–postwar
over-:
toomuch;above;additional
head–overhead
time–overtime
under-:
toolittle;below
develop–underdevelop
sea–undersea
sub-:
under,below,lessimportant;partofthestatedbiggerwhole
divide–subdivide
section–subsection
out-:
outside;beyond
door–outdoor
live–outlive
infra-:
belowinarange;beyond
red–infrared
structure–infrastructure
inter-:
between;among
change–interchange
national–international
mid-:
middle
day–midday
night–midnight
intra-:
inside,within;into
city–intracity
department–intra-department
trans-:
across,onortotheothersideof;between
Atlantic–transatlantic
plant–transplant
cross-:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country–cross-country
breed–crossbreed
mal-:
badorbadly
function–malfunction
treat–maltreat
pseudo-:
notreal;false
name–pseudonym
science–pseudoscience
tele-:
atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision
communication–telecommunication
screen–telescreen
therm(o)-:
concerningheat
chemistry–thermochemistry
meter–thermometer
vice-:
nextintherank;below
chairman–vice-chairman
president–vice-president
2.常用后缀
(1) 名词后缀
-ability,-ibility
able–ability
flexible–flexibility
-age
post–postage
short–shortage
-al
arrive–arrival
refuse–refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library–librarian
music–musician
-ance,-ence
appear–appearance
refer–reference
-ancy,-ency
emerge–emergency
expect–expectancy
-ant,-ent
apply–applicant
correspond–correspondent
-cy
accurate–accuracy
-dom
king–kingdom
free–freedom
-ee
employ–employee
interview–interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint–painter
beg–beggar
-ery
brave–bravery
slave–slavery
-ese
China–Chinese
Japan–Japanese
-ess
actor–actress
waiter–waitress
-ful
hand–handful
spoon–spoonful
-hood
child–childhood
man–manhood
-ics
electron–electronics
linguist–linguistics
-ion,ition,-ation
collect–collection
observe–observation
-ism
Marx–Marxism
socialist–socialism
-ist
psychiatry–psychiatrist
violin–violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel–cruelty
pure–purity
-ment
move–movement
retire–retirement
-ness
dark–darkness
happy–happiness
-ology
climate–climatology
future–futurology
-ship
friend–friendship
scholar–scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide–decision
expand–expansion
-th
grow–growth
wide–width
-ure
close–closure
expose–exposure
(2) 动词后缀
-en
deep–deepen
fast–fasten
-ify
class–classify
simple–simplify
-ize,-ise
modern–modernise/modernize
popular–popularise/popularize
(3) 形容词后缀
-able,-ible
suit–suitable
question–questionable
-al
nature–natural
structure–structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb–suburban
Canada–Canadian
-ant,-ent
differ–different
please–pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise–advisory
custom–customary
-ate
consider–considerate
fortune–fortunate
-en
gold–golden
wood–wooden
-ese
China–Chinese
Japan–Japanese
-free
care–carefree
duty–duty-free
-ful
care–careful
pain–painful
-ic,-ical
atom–atomic
psychology–psychological
-ish
girl–girlish
child–childish
-ive
create–creative
support–supportive
-less
hope–hopeless
pain–painless
-like
child–childlike
lady–ladylike
-ly
man–manly
month–monthly
-ous,ious
danger–dangerous
poison–poisonous
-some
tire–tiresome
trouble–troublesome
-ward
down–downward
up–upward
-y
guilt–guilty
noise–noisy
(4) 副词后缀
-ly
easy–easily
heavy–heavily
-ward,-wards
east–eastward(s)
north–northward(s)
-wise
other–otherwise
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