高考英语 阅读微技能训练 文化类.docx
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高考英语 阅读微技能训练 文化类.docx
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高考英语阅读微技能训练文化类
阅读微技能训练12—文化类
[校园类Example]
Doesyourschoolhaveanyproblemswithdiscipline?
Whathappenswhenstudentsstepoutofline?
Herearesomeexamplesofbadbehaviour:
•Pl
ayingtruant(missingschoolwithoutpermissionfromparents).
•Stealing,smoking,hitting,swearing,running,kissing.
•Cheatingonexams.
•Callingateacheroranotherpupilabadname.
•Notdoinghomework.
•Notlisteningornotpayingattentioninlessons.
•Wearingunsuitableclothes.
HerearesomeofthewaysthatUKschoolchildrencanbepunished.
•Exclusion:
apupilisaskedtoleavetheschoolandnotcomeback.Thepupilhastofindanewschooloradifferentmethodofeducation.
•Suspension:
apupilcannotenterthebuildingorattendlessonsuntiltheschoolhasameetingabouttheirsituation.Suspensioncanlastfromoneto45days.Thepupilisusuallygivenworktodoathomewithaspecialteacher.
•Detention:
apupilisaskedtostayafterschoolandworkfor30-60minutesbeforetheycanleave.
•Lines:
apupilhastowriteasentencemanytimes(e.g.100ormore)onasheetofpaper,e.g.“Imustnotshoutinclass.”
FreyaMacDonald,a15-year-oldpupilfromScotland,madethenewswhensherefusedtoacceptherschool’spunishment.Herfamilysaysthatshewasgiven11detentionsfortrivialthingssuchashavingfizzydrinksinclassandcomingintoschoolthroughafiredoor.
FreyasaysthatrepeateddetentionsdisruptedherrighttoaneducationunderScottishlawandmadeitdifficultforhertolearn.Sherefusedtoreturnuntiltheschoolrespectedhercivilrights.Shewantstheheadmasterandherteacherstosignalettertopromisethis.HundredsofschoolsinScotlandweretoldnottousedetentionasapunishmentbecauseofherlegalaction.
ManyUKschoolsnowgiveparentsahome/schoolcontract,explainingtheirdisciplineandrules.Parentsmustsignthisdocumenttoagreethattheyaccepttheschool’srulesanddisciplineandthattheyareresponsiblefortheirchild’sbehaviour.
1.Whatisthetext’smainpurpose?
A.TointroducecommontypesofbadbehaviorinUKschools.
B.ToshowhowUKschoolsreformtheirschoolrules.
C.ToinformreadersofhowUKschoolsdisciplineandpunishstudents.
D.ToanalyzewhyanincreasingnumberofpupilsbreakschoolrulesintheUK.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Playingtruantmeansusingbadlanguage.
B.YoucanwearanythingyouwanttoschoolintheUK.
C.Ifachildissuspended,theywillmissschoolwork.
D.ExclusionisthemostseriouspunishmentUKstudentscangetatschools.
3.WhatdidFreyadowhentheschoolgaveherdetention?
A.Sheforcedherteacherstosignaletteragreeingtorespecthercivilrights.
B.Sheusedthelawtoargueforhercivilrighttoaneducation.
C.Sheaskedherparentstotalkherteachersintocancelingthepunishment.
D.Shearguedthatshehadn’tdoneanythingwrongandrefusedtoreturntoschool.
4.Accordingtothetext,thehome/schoolcontractmany
UKschoolsgiveparentsisusedto______.
A.helpparentslearnmoreabouttheirchild’sperformanceatschool
B.makeparentsreachanagreementwiththeschoolaboutschoolrules
C.remindparentsthatit’stheirdutytoteachtheirchildrenschoolrules
D.askparentstobemoreresponsibleandshowmorecaretotheirchildren
[语言类Example]
Slangisveryinformallanguagewhichisoftenusedbyyoungpeople.It’shardtokeepuptodatewithitasnewwordsandphrasesappearandevolve.Livinginamulticulturalsocietyhasaneffectonlanguage,especiallyontheyoung,whosefriendsareoftenfromamixofbackgrounds.TVandmusicalsohaveabigimpact.Acompletelistofslangisdifficulttomake;bythetimeitwasfinished,thelistwouldbeoutofdate!
However,hereareafewexamples:
“Safe”,“sorted”,“sound”,“cool”or“wicked”allmean“That’sgood”or“Iun
derstand”.
Insteadofusingdifferenttagquestionslike“…isn’tit?
”,“…can’tyou?
”or“…don’tthey?
”,peopleuse“innit”.
Forexample,“Hecandancereallywell,innit!
”(=Hecandancereallywell,can’the?
)or“Theyalwayssaythat,innit.”(=Theyalwayssaythat,don’tthey?
).
Insteadofsaying“very”,“really”or“completely”use“well”,e.g.“I’mwelltired”or“Yougotitwellwrong!
”
“Whatever”means“Idon’tcare”,e.g.A:
“Buttheteachersayswecan’tleaveuntilwe’vefinished.”B:
“Whatever.I’mgoing.”
“He’sfine”or“he’sfit”bothmean“He’sgood-looking”.“Fine”and“fit”candescribeaboyoragirl.
Noteverybodyusesslangandnoteverybodylikesit.AschoolinthenorthofEnglandrecentlytolditspupilstostopusingslangwordssuchas“hiya”(hello),“cheers”and“ta”(bothmean“thankyou”)iftheywantedtogetaplaceatuniversityoragoodjob.
WhenBritishpeopleuselanguagelikethis,it’snosurprisethatsomesaytheycan’tunderstandnativespeakers.Butperhapslearnersdon’tneedtoworrysomuch.ResearchshowsthatmostoftheEnglishspokenaroundtheworldtodayisbetweennon-nativespeakersofthelanguage.
So,howimportantisittounderstandtheseslangwordsandexpressions?
IfyouwatchfilmsorTVinEnglish,readmagazinesinEnglish,chatonlineinEnglishorareinterestedinEnglishsonglyrics,thenunderstandingslangcanbeveryuseful.Youprobablywon’tseemuchslanginyourEnglishexamination,though.
5.It’shardtomakeacompletelistofslangmainlybecause______.
A.manywordsareoutdatedB.itismostlyusedbyyoungpeople
C.modernslangchangesveryquicklyD.itcomesfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds
6.Whichofthefollowingmeans“Iunderstand”accordingtothetext?
A.Sorted.B.InnitC.Whatever.D.Cheers.
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Slangpreventslanguagefromevolving.
B.TVandmusicarechannelsthroughwhichslangisspread.
C.“Fit”isonlyusedtodescribeboysintheUK.
D.SlanghasfounditswayintoformalwrittenEnglish.
8.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?
A.Knowinglittleslangdoesn’tgreatlyaffectone’scommunication.
B.ManyUKschoolsareencouragingstudentstouseslang.
C.ItisessentialforEnglishlearnerstostudysomeBritishslang.
D.MoreEnglishisspokenbynativespeakersthanbynon-nativespeakers.
[饮食类Example]
VegetarianismisincreasingintheUKasmoreandmorepeoplechoose
nottoeatmeatandanimalproducts.AccordingtotheVegetarianSociety,2,000peoplearegivingupmeatand“goingveggie”inBritaineveryweek.There’sevena“NationalVegetarianWeek”organisedeveryyeartoencouragepeopletotryameat-freelifestyle.
Vegetariansandvegans
Arecentpollestimatedthatthreemillionpeople(5.7percentofthepopulation)arevegetarian.Vegetarians(peoplewhodon’teatmeat)andvegans(peoplewhodon’teatoruseanyanimalproducts)arebecomingincreasinglycommonintheUK.VisitaBritishsupermarketandyouwillseeawiderangeofvegetarianingredientsandpreparedmealsontheshelves,includingvegetariansausagesandvegancheese.
Ahealthydiet
SowhyareBritonscuttingoutmeat?
Manyareunhappyaboutthepoortreatmentofanimalsandtheeffectsofmeatandfishproductionontheenvironment.Worriesaboutfoodsafety(forexampleBSEor“madcowdisease”)alsoplayapart.Otherschoosetochangetheireatinghabitstoimprovetheirgeneralhealth.AccordingtotheVegetarianSociety,ameat-freedietcanhelpreducetheriskofcertaincancersandheartdisease,aswellasobesityandhighbloodpressure.
Organicfarming
AnotherrisingtrendisinhowUKfoodisproduced.ManypeoplearerejectingGM(geneticallymodified)foodandintensive(密集的)farmingpractices.Theywanttheirfoodtobeorganicallyproduced.Organicfarmersuseveryfewornochemicals,pesticidesorfertilizersandorganicmeatisproducedwithouttheuseofdrugsandantibiotics.Organicallyf
armedanimalsalsohavemorelivingspaceandmorenutritiousfood.
Organicfood
AccordingtotheSoilAssociation,threeoutofeveryfourUKhouseholdsnowbuysometypeoforganicfood.Somegetorganicmeat,fruitandvegetablesfromfarmers’markets,whereproductsaresolddirectlytotheconsumer.Othershaveaboxoforganicfruitandvegetablesdeliveredtotheirhomeseveryweek.Manypeoplebuyorganicproduceintheirlocalsupermarket.Althoughit’softenmoreexpensive,fansoforganicfoodsayittastesmuchbetter!
FormorefunactivitiestohelpyoulearnEnglish:
http:
//learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
9.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?
A.ToanalyzethebenefitsofUKpeople’smeat-freelifestyle.
B.TointroducethechangesinUKpeople’sdiets.
C.ToencouragereaderstogoveggielikeBritishpeople.
D.ToinformusofthepopularityoforganicfoodinBritain.
10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Vegetariansandvegansdon’teatoruseanyanimalproducts.
B.Everydaythereareabout200peoplewhoquiteatingmeatintheUK.
C.Morethan10percentoftheUKpopulationarenoweatingmeat-freediets.
D.VegetarianandorganicfoodissoldinmanyBritishsupermarkets.
11.WhatarethereasonsbehindthegrowingpopularityofvegetarianismintheUKaccordingtothetext?
a.Foodsafety.b.Healthconcerns.c.Compassionforanimals.
d.Adsforvegetarianfoodeverywhere.e.Worriesabouttheenvironment.
f.Influencefrompeersandcelebrities.
A.a,b,c,eB.b,c,d,eC.a,b,d,fD.a,c,e,f
12.Whatcanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Organicfarmingismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanintensivefarming.
B.Organicfoodiswellreceivedbecauseofitsrelativelylowpriceandgoodtaste.
C.Becauseitusesveryfewchemicals,pesticidesorfertilisers,GMfoodisapopularch
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