句子成分2句子结构 学案.docx
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句子成分2句子结构 学案.docx
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句子成分2句子结构学案
自学指导一:
句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:
构成_____的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和_____语;次要成分有_______、_______、______、______、______和______。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于______。
但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由以下等成分表示:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(_____)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(_________)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(__________)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(___________)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(__________)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(______________)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(__________)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作______主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
______在句中作谓语,一般放在______之后。
谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:
Wearestudents.
(四)表语:
表语用以说明______的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于_______(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语可由以下等成分表示:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(__________)
Isityours?
(__________)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(___________)
Thespeechisexciting.(____________)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
(____________)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(__________)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(______________)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(______________)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(_____________)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.
(五)宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于_________和______后面。
表语可由以下等成分表示:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(____________)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(________)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.(__________)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(______________)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(____________)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(_______________)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(____________)
宾语种类:
(1)__________(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
(2)___________(宾语+宾补),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由以下等成分表示:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(_____________)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(___________)
Letthefreshairin.(___________)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(________________)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(______________)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(____________)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(_____________)
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(______)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(______)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(_______)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(________)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(__________)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(________)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(_________)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(____________________)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(______________)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(____________)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(_________)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(_________)
状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?
(___________)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(____________)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(_____________)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(____________)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(___________)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(____________)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(____________)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(____________)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(_____________)
Iamtallerthanheis.(_____________)
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
6.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
7.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
8.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
9.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
10.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
选做题:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold
C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
(一)句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):
Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Dotheylikeskating?
Howoldishe?
Ishesixorsevenyearsold?
Marycanswim,can’tshe?
3)祈使句:
Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass
4)感叹句:
Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2)并列句:
由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语:
e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主语+不及物动词:
e.g.Wework.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语:
e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):
e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):
e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:
其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
(三)并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。
e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.
2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。
e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.
3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。
e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。
e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?
9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty().InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().
三、选择填空:
1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.
A.andB.orC.ifD.so
2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?
A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit
3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
4.Letuspass,____?
A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou
5.Isupposehe’sserious,____?
A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the
6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?
A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou
7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.
A.thenB.butC.andD.or
8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoule
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