工业设计专业英语考点.docx
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工业设计专业英语考点.docx
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工业设计专业英语考点
评价标准:
(1)经济性标准:
产品的成本、利润、竞争力、附加值和市场前景等。
Economystandards:
thecostoftheproduct,profit,competitiveness,andaddedvalueandthemarketforeground.
(2)技术性标准:
功能性、安全性、可靠性、适用性、合理性和有效性等。
Technicalstandards:
functional,safety,reliability,applicability,reasonabilityandeffectiveness,etc.
(3)社会性标准:
产品带来的社会效益、环境效益、对人们身心健康的影响、生活方式的改变和能源的利用方式等。
Thesocialstandard:
theproductbringssocialbenefits,environmentalbenefits,tothehealthofpeoplebodyandmindinfluence,thechangeinthelifestyleandenergyutilizationways,etc.
(4)审美性标准:
产品的造型风格、时代性、美学价值、个性体现等。
Theaestheticstandard:
theproductshapeandstyleofTheTimes,aestheticvalue,andpersonalityreflect,etc.
产品设计评价项目
Meetfunctionalrequirements满足功能要求
Meetcostrequirements满足成本要求
Processing、assemble、productive加工、配装、可生产
Easytouseandmaintenance便于使用维护
Pleasant宜人性
Appearancebeautifulornot造型外观漂亮与否
Environmentalfriendly环境友好
Havefashionablefeeling有时尚感
Atypicaldesignprocessappliedtoaproductdevel-opmentmightincludeconsiderationofthousandsofissuesassociatedwithcost,assembly,appearance,usability,manufacture,sustainability,export,competi-tiveness,standardsandpatents,amongmanyothers.Littlewonderthatittakesaconsiderableperiodforadesignertodeveloptheexpertisethatfacilitatestheintegrationofissuesandassociateddecisionmaking.Thedesigneressentiallymanagestheprocessofdesignandeffectstheroleofbothdesignerandmanager.Managementaspectsincludethecontextoftheproduct,clientrequirements,thevalidityofthebrief,plustimeandcostissues.Thedesigningaspectscanrangefrombroadconceptstotheclarificationofdetails.Taskscanincludeissuesassociatedwithpatentanddesignregistrations,engineering,manufac-tureandassembly,competitors’products,disposal,andahostofbothminorandmajorconsiderations.Anumberofdesignersandwritershavewrittenaboutdesigningandunanimouslyrefertothecom-plexityoftheprocessandthedifficultyassociatedwithmanyproblemsthatareill-defined.Talbotarguesthefollowing:
Industrialdesignerscreateobjectsthatoccupyspaceandhaveplasticandvisualform.Theprocessofdesignthattheyemployinvolvescreativity,theresolutionofcomplexissuesandsynthesis.Otherprofessionssuchasanalysts,critics,accountantsormanagersemploysynthe-sistoresolveissuesbuttheirworkisnotnecessarilycreativeandnew.Incontrastdesignersputthingstogetherandbringnewthingsintobeing,dealingintheprocesswithmanyvariableandcon-straintssomeinitiallyknownandothersrevealedduringthedesignprocess.Theoutcomesofthedesignprocessneverevolvetooneuniqueandcorrectanswer;itisthissinglefactthatmakesthelearningdifficultbecausetheanswersthatmightapplyarelegion.
T:
一个典型应用于产品设计过程中,即可能包括考虑上千相关ofissues成本、装配、外形、可用性、制造、可持续性、输出、competi-tiveness、标准和专利,在其他许多人。
难怪它需要相当长一段时间里发展为adesigner专长,让theintegration问题及相关的决策。
设计师ofdesign管理过程本质上和效果andmanager双方的角色都设计师。
管理方面的工作包括上下文热销产品,客户需求有效性的短暂的,加上时间和成本问题。
从广泛canrange设计方面ofdetails概念澄清。
任务可能包括相关的问题和设计withpatent注册、工程、制造和装配,竞争对手的产品、处置,安达主持人的两个小和主要考量。
一个由多名设计师和作家都writtenabout设计和一致的指的com-plexity过程和相关问题的困难withmany含糊不清的。
企业塔尔博特说:
工业设计师创造空间和物体thatoccupy塑料和visualform。
设计的过程,这theyemploy需要创造力、复杂问题的resolutionof和合成。
Otherprofessions如分析师、评论家、会计师或者经理雇佣synthe-sis解决问题,但他们的工作是notnecessarily创造性的和全新的。
在contrastdesigners整理所有的线索,事情bringnew产生、处理过程中有许多变量,con-straints一些已知的和othersrevealed在最初的设计过程。
结果不evolveto设计过程的一个独特的和正确的答案,它是这一factthat使学习困难的,因为这些会使用answersthat举不胜举。
Oneanswermightbemoreappropriatethananotheranditistheroleofdesigntobalancetheconflictingrequirementsandarriveatanappropriatesolution.Schonstatedthefollowing:
Designersjugglevariables,reconcileconflictingvaluesandmaneuveraroundconstraints-aprocessinwhich,althoughsomedesignoutcomesaresuperiortootherstherearenouniquerightanswers[2].Anindustrialdesignprojectmayincluderesponsi-bilityforthedesignoftheuserinterfaceandproductfunctionandemotiveaspects,suchasproductappeal(visual,tactileandstyle),togetherwithperceivedqualityandvalue.Inaddition,thedesignerhastoworkwithmaterialsandstructuresthatmusthaveappropriateengineeringpropertiesandbemanu-factured,assembled,distributed,maintained,usedandresponsiblydisposedof.Industrialdesignproblemsthusinvolvedealingwithaverylargenumberofconstraintstomeetgoalsthatmaynotbeclearlydefined.Suchdesignproblemsareusuallyilldefined(asopposedtowell-definedproblemsthatcanbesolvedusingwellunderstoodproceduresandhaveclearlyidentifiable,correctsolutions).Thedesignergenerallyfollowsanestablishedproc-ess.Whileapproachesvary,theproductdevelopmentprocess(PDP)canbeusedtodescribethewayinwhichthedesignermovesthoughtheproject.Thestagesinthisprocessareasfollows:
•Productplanning;•Taskverification;•Conceptualisation;•Embodim…design;•Communication;•Preparationforproduction.
T:
一个答案可能比另一种moreappropriate,它的作用是相互矛盾的要求和设计的tobalance到达anappropriate的解决方案。
已经声明如下:
设计师兼顾变量,reconcileconflicting价值观和机动aroundconstraints——这一过程中,尽管设计结果优于没有独特的正确答案othersthere[2]。
工业设计项目包括responsi-bility为用户界面的设计和productfunction和感情方面,如productappeal(视觉、触觉和风格),一起withperceived质量和价值。
此外,designerhas工作与材料和结构,适当的工程性质musthavemanu-factured、组装、分布式、养护、使用andresponsibly扔进垃圾桶。
工业设计问题thusinvolve处理大量的constraintsto完成那不可能作出明确的规定。
Suchdesign问题通常是生病的定义(而不是,就可以解决问题towell-defined使用wellunderstood程序和清楚地识别,正确的解决方案)。
设计师一般情况下遵循proc-ess已建立的。
虽然方法不同,该产品developmentprocess(PDP)可以用来描述的方式移动inwhich设计师虽然这个项目。
在这个过程中Thestages如下:
•产品策划;•任务鉴证;•构想能;•Embodim…设计;•沟通;•准备生产。
Thedesignerwillmovethroughthestagesoftheprocess,notnecessarilyinasequentialmanner,andmayiteratebetweenthestagesrefiningthestageout-comesuntiltheoptimumresultisachieved.Forexample,wheninvolvedintheproductplanningstage,thedesignermayseekinformationintheprepa-rationforproductionstageregardingmanufactur-ingcostandfacilitiesforproduction.Similarly,whenpreparingdetaildesigns,thedesignermaygobacktothetaskverificationstagetoverifytheconsidera-tionsoutlinedinthebrief.Thegraduatedesignerusuallygainsemploymentinanindustrialdesignconsultancywhereengagementinprojects,rangingfromthedesignoftoothbrushes
TheImportanceofDesignMethods...177rightacrossthespectrumofproductstomotorvehicles,facilitatesthebuildingofafoundationofexperience.Thenovicedesigner,startingfromanelementaryunderstandingofdesigngainedatuniver-sity,willthenengageinprojectsunderthewatchfuleyeofanexperienceddesigner.Thenovicequicklyconsolidatesunderstandingofdesignandinexorablygainsexperienceincountlessissuesassociatedwithmaterials,manufacture,engineering,marketing,sustainability,recycling,legislation,standards,patents,specifications,costing,prototyping,communicationandprojectmanagement.Thus,thenovicedesignerwillproceedtoanexperienceddesigneroveraperiodofperhaps10years.Inmovingthroughthestagesoftheproduct-devel-opmentprocess,thedesignerwillemploycertainproceduresandtoolstoarriveateffectivestageoutcomes.Intheproductplanningstage,thedesignermaycarryoutanalysisofthefeaturesofcompetitorproducts.Thismightbedoneemployingaformalfeaturesanalysismethodormayemployabenchmarkingmethod.Similarly,inthetaskverifi-cationstage,thedesignermayemployobjectivestreesormorphologicalanalysis.
T:
设计者会穿越过程的阶段,不一定在连贯的方式,andmay之间的提炼迭代阶段阶段的最佳结果out-comes直到达到要求。
例如:
当参与产品planningstage,设计师可能会寻求信息生产阶段prepa-ration关于manufactur-ing成本和设备生产。
同样的,whenpreparing细节设计,设计师可以回到验证阶段到任务验证了considera-tions短暂。
研究生设计师通常收益employmentin工业设计顾问在engagementin项目,从设计的牙刷
设计方法的重要性…在177年的频谱对产品motorvehicles,促进建设ofexperience基础。
新手设计师,从anelementary理解设计获得univer-sity,便会从事项目的watchfuleye下一个有经验的设计师。
新手quicklyconsolidates理解设计和inexorablygains经验相关的问题,在无数withmaterials、制造、工程、市场营销、持续性、回收、立法、标准、专利、规格、成本、成型、通讯andproject管理。
因此,设计师willproceed新手到一个有经验的设计师在一段时期内ofperhaps10年。
在移动通过阶段的product-devel-opment过程中,设计师将聘请certainprocedures和工具stageoutcomes到达有效。
在产品规划阶段,可以进行分析thedesigner的特点ofcompetitor产品。
这可能是工作要做用人aformal特点分析方法或也可以雇用abenchmarking方法。
同样,在工作verifi-cation阶段,设计师可以雇佣或objectivestrees形态分析。
However,experi-enceddesignersdonotnecessarilyemployformalmethods.Inmanyinstances,theirexperienceenablesthemtomakeaconsiderablenumberofmentalitera-tionsthatmayreflectupon,forexample,competitorproductfeaturesandarriveatconclusionsthatareuncannilyaccurateandconclusive.Eder,writingaboutengineeringdesigners,explainedthatcertainmethodsareacceptedbyindustry,examplesincludeTotalQualityManagement(TQM),QualityFunctionDeployment(QFD)andTaguchi[5].Hefurtherlamentsthatsuchmethodologiesareusedonlyinasmallfractionofindustry.FrostrespondedtoEders’commentsbyarguingthatmuchdesigninindustryisincrementalandnotoriginaland,therefore,notrequiringmethodologicalapproaches[6].Maffinconsideredthelowuseofmethodsinindustryandarguedthatmuchdesigninindustryisnon-originalandthatdesignisbasedonestablishedconceptsanddoesnotrequireelaborateexploration[7].Thesecommentsbyengineeringacademicsapplyequallytothefieldofindustrialdesign.Whileexperi-enceddesignersmaynotformallyemployaparticulardesignmethod,theynonethelessgothroughaprocessthatinformallylistsandconsidersmanyissuesclari-fiedbyformalmethods.Forexample,manydesignersemploybrainstormingtechniquesbutdonotnecessarilyincludeOsborne’sidea-generationtech-niques.Nordotheynecessarilyestablishabrainstorm-ingcommittee.Thiscapacitytodesignandinformallyapplymethodstoarriveatoutcomesissomethingthatcomeswithexperienceanditmightbearguedthatexperienceddesignersdonotneedtobroadlyusede-signmethods.DESIGNMETHODS:
THECURRENTSITUATIONDesignm
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