届高三英语二轮新高考复习专项导练非谓语动词.docx
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届高三英语二轮新高考复习专项导练非谓语动词.docx
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届高三英语二轮新高考复习专项导练非谓语动词
2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练:
非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来,新高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:
现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
一、非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
①表示原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后),如:
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.
②表示目的(可用soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto一般不可置于句首),如:
TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.
③表示结果(常表出乎意料的结果,常为onlytodo),如:
Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.
2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
如:
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
如:
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:
seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。
如:
Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.
他陷入深深的思考中,没有听到声音。
二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1.非谓语动词作主语
Laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain.(动名词作主语)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式作主语)
Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短语作主语,It作形式主语)
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语,It作形式主语)
2.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时,说明主语的性质,回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3.非谓语动词作宾语:
主要是不定式和动名词
①afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,manage,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
②appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
③以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
+v-ing作宾语
+todo作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图/打算做某事
can’thelp
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
goon
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事,去做别的事
三、非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置,它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.(主谓关系)
Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.(动宾关系)
Hehasnoopportunitytogoabroad.(同位关系)
2.动名词作定语多前置,表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
areadingroom=aroomforreading
3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行,可转换为定语从句。
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(=whichisbeingdiscussed)nowisimportant.
4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成,也可转换为定语从句。
Thequestiondiscussed(=whichwasdiscussed)yesterdayisimportant.
四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
如:
Hepretendednottoseeme.
Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.
2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
①当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。
如:
Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.
②当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时,不定式要用完成式。
如:
Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。
如:
③Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.
3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.
Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.
HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.
HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.
4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。
①当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时,现在分词要用完成式。
如:
Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasketball.
②当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,现在分词要用被动式。
如:
Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.
一、单句语法填空
1.(2020·全国II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.
2.(2020·全国II卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.
3.(2020·全国II卷)Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.
4.(2020·全国III卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.
5.(2020·全国III卷)
Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.
6.(2019·全国II卷)Whenwegotacall______(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.
7.(2019·全国I卷)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.
8.(2019·浙江卷)Whenthechildrenarewalkingor______(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilyseethem.
9.(2019·浙江卷)Butsomestudentsdidn’twant(wear)theuniform.
10.(2019·全国III)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,__________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
11.Peterwassoexcitedwhenhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriend(visit)Chongqing.
12.Hegavealameexcusefor(absent)whichmadehimveryembarrassed.
13.Whenthemoonhadrisen,welayonthegrass,listeningtothewind(whisper)inthetrees.
14.Helenwaskindertoheryoungestson,whichmadetheothers(envy)him.
15.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinthemorningbecausethemorningairissogood(breathe).
16.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.
17.Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,not________(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.
18.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.
19.Actorsshouldbegoodobservers,watchingpeople’sbodylanguageandspeakingstyle,________(transmit)andthisintotheirownabilitiestoprogressinacting.
20.Wehadbetterputoffinterviewingtheathlete,forheisbusypreparingforaninternationalcontest________(hold)inShanghainextmonth.
二、语法填空
ChopsticksplayanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.They21(call)“Zhu”inancienttimesinChina.Chinesepeoplehavebeenusingthemformorethan3,000years.WoodorbamboochopsticksarethemostpopularonesusedinChinesehomes,22canbedatedtoabout1,000years23(early)thanivory(象牙)chopsticks.
Thereareafewthings24(avoid)whenusingchopsticks.Chinesepeopleusually.
Don’tbeattheirbowlswhile25(eat),sincethebehaviorusedtobepracticedbybeggars.Alsodon’tputchopsticksinabowluprightbecauseitisacustomonlyusedinsacrifices(祭祀).26iscommoninChinaforeveryonetousetheirownchopsticksforgettingfoodfromthe27(dish)onthetable.Ifyouprefer,servingchopsticks28(be)provided.Besides,don’tbeembarrassedbyusingchopsticks29(poor).Whatmattersisthatyouenjoythefood.Foodis30greatimportanceinChineseculture,andtheChineseissuchapracticalpersonthatallaroundyouwillmostlikelybefinewithwhatevermethodyouusetoeat.
语法填空
ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby31countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires32(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds.Thecloudscanhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds,33(result)infiretornadoes(龙卷风).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat34(find)onlyinAustralia,includingkoalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone35wildlife.Thewildfiresareexpected36(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.
Thispastyear,2019,isthehottestanddriestyearonrecord.Fireshappen37(regular)duringtheAustraliandryseason.However,climateandnaturalchangesaremakingthesituation38(bad).Atleast12millionacreshavebeenburnedsofarinVictoriaandNewSouthWalesalone.Smokefromthefireshasmade39toSouthAmerica.Thereissomuchsmokethatitmaystayintheairformonths40couldhaveaneffectontheplanet’sclimate.
语法填空
A
FuchsiaDunlopdecidedtovisitChinaafterreadingarticlesaboutthecountryforseveralmonths.Theone-monthbackpackingtripexposedtheEnglishwoman41awiderangeofChinesefood.“ThedishesandsoupsIhadeveninthecheapestandplaineaterieswerebetterthan42IhadintheU.K.,”Dunloprecalled.
ThelaststopofhertripwasChengdu,43capitalofsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince.DunloplearnedfromfriendsthatSichuanfoodrepresentsoneofChina’s44(good)cuisines,andwhenthespicyflavorofSichuanpepperexplodedinhermouth,somethinginsideherchangedforever.
AftershereturnedtoLondon,DunlopmadethedecisiontostudyinChinaatSichuanUniversity.Whenshewrotedown“studyingChinese45(policy)onethnicgroups”onthe46(apply)formasthereasonforascholarship,whatshereallyhadinmindwereSichuandishes.HerjourneyeventuallyledhertobecomethemostknowledgeableEnglishpersononChinesefood.She47(write)manybooksonChinesecuisinesince,includingShark’sFinandSichuanPepper,whichwastranslatedintoChinesein2018.
AccordingtoChenXiaoqing,48(know)fordirectingthedocumentaryofABiteofChina,Dunlopisthemostinsightfulforeignwriterwho49(vivid)describesChinesecuisineinanexcitingandaccurateway.Whatshepresentstothereadersisnotjustfood,butalsotheprofoundtraditionsandtremendouschanges50(occur)inthecountrybehindtheflavors.
B
Mostofushaverecentlyexperiencedquarantine(隔离)tominimizetheriskofmeetingsomebodywhomaybecarryingthevirus.Itiscertain51beingunderquarantineisnofun.However,withouraccesstofood,52(deliver)servicesandtheentertainment53(offer)bytheinternet,we’reactuallyverylucky.Let’stakeaquicklookatthehistoryofquarantines.
Theideaofquarantiningsickpeopledates54ancienttimes.Yettheword“quarantine”firstcameintouseinthe14thcenturyEuropeduringtheBlackDeath.Peopleweredroppinglikefliesfromthemysteriousdisease,andasthedeathtollclimbedintothemillions—eventuallykilling55(approximate)halfoftheEuropeanpopulation,citiesbegantotake56(measure)toprotectt
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