大学英语TPO12 listening 听力文本.docx

大学英语TPO12 listening 听力文本.docx

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大学英语TPO12listening听力文本

TPO12–ListeningPart

Part1-Script:

TPO12-Conversation1

Narrator

Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.

Student

SoProfessorTibets,yournotessaidthatyouwanttoseemeaboutmyheavy-weightpaper.Ihavetosaythatgradewasn’twhatIwasexpecting.IthoughtI’ddoneaprettygoodjob.

Professor

Oh,youdid.Butdoyoureallywanttosettleforprettygoodwhenyoucandosomethingverygood?

Student

Youthinkitcanbeverygood?

Professor

Absolutely!

Student

Wouldthatmeanyou’d…Icouldgetabettergrade?

Professor

Oh,sorry!

It’snotforyourgrade.It's…Ithinkyoucouldlearnalotbyrevisingit.

Student

Youmean,rewritethewholething?

Ireallyswamped.There’redeadlineswhereverIturnand…andIdon’treallyknowhowmuchtimeIcouldgiveit.

Professor

Well,itisabusytime,withspringbreakcomingupnextweek.It’syourcall.ButIthinkwithallalittleextraeffort,youcouldreallyturnthisintoafineessay.

Student

No…yeah…Imean,afterIreadyourcomments,I...Icanseehowittriestodotoomuch.

Professor

Yeah.It’sjusttooambitiousforthescopeoftheassignment.

Student

SoIshouldcutoutthehistoricalpart?

Professor

Yes.Iwouldjuststicktothetopic.AnythingunrelatedtotheuseofnatureEMITRYhasnoplaceinthepaper.Allthattangentialmaterialjustdistractedfromthemainargument.

Student

Yeah,Ineverknowhowmuchtoinclude.Youknow…wheretodrawtheline?

Professor

Tellmeaboutit!

Allwritersstruggledwithoutone.Butit’ssomethingyoucanlearn.Thatwillbecomemoreclearwithpractice.ButIthinkifyoujustcutoutthe…emm…

Student

Thestuffabouthistory,butifIcutoutthosesections,won’titbetooshort?

Professor

Well,betterashortwell-structuredpaperthanalongpaperthatpoorly-structuredandwandersofftopic.

Student

SoallIhavetodoistoleavethosesections?

Professor

Well,notsofast.Afteryoucutoutthosesections,you’llhavetogobackandrevisetherest,toseehowitallfitstogether.Andofcourse,you’llhavetorevisetheintroductiontoo,toaccuratelydescribewhatyoudointhebodyofthepaper.Butthatshouldn’tbetoodifficult.Justremembertokeepthediscussionfocused.Doyouthinkyoucangetittomebynoontomorrow?

Student

Wow…emm…Ihavesomuch…er…butI’lltry.

Professor

OK,good!

Dotry!

Butifyoucan’t,well,sureforafterspringbreak,OK?

TPO12

–

Lecture

1

Narrator

ListentopartofalectureinaBiologyClass.

Professor

AswelearnmoreabouttheDNAinhumancellsandhowitcontrolsthegrowthanddevelopmentofcells,thenmaybewecanexplainaveryimportantobservation,thatwhenwetrytogrowmosthumancellsinlibratory,theyseemprogrammedtodivideonlyacertainnumberoftimesbeforetheydie.Nowthisdifferswiththetypeofcell.Somecells,likenervecells,onlydivideseventoninetimesintheirtotallife.Others,likeskincells,willdividemany,manymoretimes.Butfinallythecellsstoprenewingthemselvesandtheydie.Andinthecellsofthehumanbodyitself,inthecellsofeveryorgan,ofalmosteverytypeoftissuesinthebody,thesamethingwillhappeneventually.

OK,youknowthatallofpersons’geneticinformationiscontainedonverylongpiecesofDNAcalledChromosomes.46ofthemareinthehumancellsthat’s23pairsoftheseChromosomesareofverylengthsandsizes.Nowifyoulookatthisroughdrawingofoneofthem,oneChromosomeisabouttodivideintotwo.Youseethatitsortoflookslike,wellactuallyit’smuchmorecomplexthanthisbutitremindsusacoupleofspringslinkedtogethertocoiluppiecesofDNA.Andifyoustretchthemoutyouwillfindtheycontaincertaingenes,certainsequencesofDNAthathelptodeterminehowthecellsofthebodywilldevelop.WhenresearcherslookreallycarefullyattheDNAinChromosomesthough,theywereamazed,weallwere,tofindthatonlyafractionofit,maybe20-30%,convertsintomeaningfulgeneticinformation.It’sincredible;atleastitwastome.ButifyoutookawayalltheDNAthatcodesforgenes,youstillhavemaybe70%oftheDNAleftover.That’stheso-calledJUNKDNA.Thoughthewordjunkisusedsortoftowniescheek.

TheassumptionisthateventheseDNAdoesn’tmakeupanyofthegenesitmustservesomeotherpurpose.Anyway,ifweexaminetheseendsofthesecoilsofDNA,wewillfindasequenceofDNAateachendofeveryhumanChromosome,calledatelomere.NowatelomereisahighlyrepetitiousandgeneticallymeaninglesssequenceofDNA,whatwewerecallingJUNKDNA.

Butitdoeshaveanyimportantpurpose;itissortofliketheplastictiponeachendofshoelace.Itmeansnothelpyoutieyourshoebutthatlittleplastictipkeepstherestoftheshoelace,theshoestringfromunravelingintoweakanduselessthreads.Well,thetelomereattheendofChromosomesseemstodoaboutthesamething---protectthegenesthegeneticallyfunctionalpartsoftheChromosomefrombeingdamaged.EverytimetheChromosomedivides,everytimeonecelldividesintotwo.PiecesoftheendsoftheChromosome,thetelomere,getbrokenoff.Soaftereachdivision,thetelomeregetsshorterandoneofthethingsthatmayhappenafterawhileisthatpiecesofthegenesthemselvesgetbrokenofftheChromosomes.SotheChromosomeisnowlosingimportantgeneticallyinformationandisnolongerfunctional.Butaslongasthetelomeresareatcertainlengththeykeepthisfromhappening.Soitseemsthat,whenthe,bylookingatthelengthofthetelomeresonspecificChromosomeswecanactuallypredictprettymuchhowlongcertaincellscansuccessfullygoondividing.Othersomecellsjustseemtokeepondividingregardlesswhichmeannotbealwaysagoodthingifitgetsoutofcontrol.

Butwhenweanalyzethecellschemicallywefindsomethingveryinteresting,achemicalinthem,andanenzymecalledtelomerase.AsbitsofthetelomerebreakofffromtheendofChromosome,thischemical,thistelomerasecanrebuildit,canhelpresembletheprotectedDNA,thetelomerethattheChromosomeislost.Somedaywemaybeabletotakeanycellandkeepitalivefunctioningandreproducingitselfessentiallyforeverthroughtheuseoftelomerase.Andinthefuturewemayhavevirtuallyimmortalnervecellsandimmortalskincellsofwhateverbecauseofthesechemical,telomerasecankeepthetelomereontheendsofChromosomesfromgettinganyshorter.

TPO12

–

Lecture

2

Narrator

ListentopartofalectureinaBusinessClass

Professor

Ok,aswe’vetalkedaboutakeyaspectofrunningasuccessfulbusinessis

knowing,um,gettingagoodsenseofwhatthecustomeractuallywants,andhowtheyperceiveyourproduct.Sowiththatinmind,Iwanttodescribeaverysimplemethodofresearchingcustomerpreference,anditisbecomingincreasinglycommon,it'scalled----MBWA----whichstandsformanagingbywanderingaround.Now,MBWA,that'snotthemosttechnicalsoundingnameyou'veeverheard,butitdescribestheprocessprettyaccurately.Hereishowitworks.

Basically,Um,theideaisthatbusinessownersorbusinessmanagersjustgooutandactuallytalktotheircustomers,andlearnmoreabouthowwellthebusinessisservingtheirneeds,andtrytoseewhatthecustomerexperiences,becausethat'sagreatwaytodiscoverforyourself,howyourproductisperceived,whatthestrengthsandweaknessesare,youknow,howtoyoucanimproveditthatsortofthing,youknowDortans,theymakesoupandcanvegetablesandsuch.Well,theheadofthecompany,hadDortans’toppedexecutiveswalkaroundsupermarkets,um,askingshopperswhattheythoughtofDortans’soup,andheusethedatatomakechangestothecompany'sproduct,Imean,whenDortansofallthecompanies,embracessomethingasradicalasMBWA,itreallyshowyouhowpopularthetheoryhasbecome,yes,Lisa?

StudentA

Butthisisdangeroustobasedecisionsoninformationfromasmallsampleofpeople?

Isitlargescalemarketresearchsafergettingdataonalotofpeople?

Professor

That'sagoodquestion,andwellIdon'twanttopretendthatW…MBWAissomesortof,um,replacementforothermethodsofcustomerresearch.Now,themarketresearchdatadefinitelycangiveyouagoodideaof,um,ofthebigpicture,butMBWAisreallyusefulkindoffillingintheblanks,youknow,gettingagoodundergroundsenseofhowyouproductsyouuse,andhowpeopleneedrespondtothem,andYes,thenumbersofopinionyougetissmallsoyoudoneedtobecareful,but,goodbusinessmanagerswilltellyouthatthebigfeartheyhavean...andoneofthemostfrequentproblemstheycomeacrossiswellbecomingoutoftouchwithwhattheircustomersreallywantandneed,youknowsurveysandmarketresearchstufflikethat,theycanonlytellyousomuchaboutwhatthecustomersactuallywantintheirday-to-daylives.Managingbywanderingaroundontheotherhand,thatgetyouin

theregiveyouagoodsenseaboutwhatcustomersneedsso.Sowhenusecombinationthen,MBWAandmarketresearchwerethepowerfultools.Oh,hereisanotherexampleforyou,um,seeyouexecutiveforaclothingmanufacture.Itwas,um,Lken,Lkenjeansyouknow,theywentinworkinthestoreforafewdays,sellingLken'scloths.Nowthatgivethemaverydifferentideaabouttheirproduct,theysawhowpeoplerespondedtoit;theycouldgouptocustomersinthestoreaskedquestionsaboutit,yesMike?

StudentB

Well,Iwouldthinkthatalotofcustomerswillbebotheredby,youknow,ifI'mshopping,Idon'tknowifIwantsomebusinessrepresentativescominguptomeandaskingmequestions,it's..It'slikewhenIgotphonecallathomefrommarketingresearchers,Ijusthan