孔子圣迹图36副画中英文.docx
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孔子圣迹图36副画中英文.docx
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孔子圣迹图36副画中英文
三十六幅孔子聖蹟圖
ThePaintingoftheSacredFootprintsofConfucius
—Thirty-SixScenes
1、尼山致禱:
孔子的父親叔梁紇與母親顏氏在尼丘山上祈禱後,第二年生下孔子。
孔子生來頭頂的形狀是中間低、四周高,像尼丘山一樣,故起名叫孔丘,字仲尼。
1.PrayingonNiqiuMountain:
AfterConfucius’father,ShuLianghe,andmother,MadameYan,prayedonNiqiuMountain,Confuciuswasbornthenextyear.ThecrownofConfucius’headhadanindentation,lookinglikeNiqiuMountain.HewasthusnamedKongQiuwiththecourtesynameZhongni.
2、麒麟玉書:
孔子還沒有出生時,有隻麒麟在他家裡口吐天降之書,上面有文字說:
「水精之子,繼衰周而為素王」。
孔子的母親感到很奇怪,就用繡紱繫在麒麟的角上,隔了兩夜才離去。
孔子的母親懷孕十一個月才生了孔子。
2.AQilinwithanAuspiciousLetter:
BeforethebirthofConfucius,amythicalanimal,aqilincametohishome.Aletterfromheavencameoutofitsmouth.Thewordsread:
“SonofWaterGodwillbetheciviliankingafterthedeclineoftheZhoudynasty.”Confucius’motherthoughtitunusual.Shetiedathreadarounditshorn.Theqilinlefttwonightslater.Confucius’motherwaspregnantforelevenmonthsbeforegivingbirthtohim.
3、二龍五老:
魯襄公二十二年(公元前五五一年),孔子誕生的晚上,有兩條龍從天降下,繞護著他家,五位神仙從天上降到他家庭院中。
3.TwoDragonsandFiveCelestialBeings:
In551BCE,intheeveningthatConfuciuswasborn,twodragonsdescendedfromheavenandcircledaroundhishometoprotectit.Fivecelestialbeingsalsodescendedtothecourtyard.
4、鈞天降聖:
孔子出生時,顔氏在房中聽到天樂鳴空,還聽到空中聲音說:
「天感生聖子,故降以和樂之音。
」孔子生來就與凡人不同。
4.ASageDescendingfromHeaven:
AtthebirthofConfucius,hismotherheardintheroommusicfromheavenandavoicesaying,“Heavensensesthatasageisborn,soitsendsdownmusic.”Sincebirth,Confuciushaddifferedfromordinarypeople.
5、俎豆禮容:
孔子三歲時,父親就去世了。
孔子五六歲時,跟其他小孩不同,常喜歡擺上俎豆等祭祀用品,模仿祭祀的禮儀。
他有禮儀的天賦,無師自通,許多小孩都跟著他學禮,他的名聲在當時的諸侯國中不脛而走。
5.PlacingCeremonialVesselsandImitatingCeremonialEtiquette:
WhenConfuciuswasthreeyearsold,hisfatherpassedaway.Whenhewasfiveorsixyearsold,hewasdifferentfromotherchildren.Helikedtoplaceceremonialvesselsonatableandimitateceremonialetiquette.Hewasanatural;heneedednoteacher.Manychildrenlearnedetiquettefromhim.Hisnamethusspreadfastamongthestatesatthattime.
6、職司委吏:
孔子成年後,曾做過季孫大夫家的委吏(管理倉庫的小官),稱量算數都很公正。
6.HoldingthePositionofaWeili:
Aftercomingofage,ConfuciusonceworkedfortheJisunFamilyasaweili(alow-rankingofficialinchargeofawarehouse).Heweighedandcountedfairly.
7、命名榮貺:
孔子十九歲成婚之後,在第二年生了兒子,魯昭公賜給他一條鯉魚,孔子為了顯耀國君的賞賜,給兒子取名孔鯉,字伯魚,用誌不忘君恩。
7.NaminginHonorofaBestowal:
Confuciusmarriedattheageofnineteen,andhissonwasbornthenextyear.DukeZhaoofLubestowedacarp.ToshowthehonoroftheDuke’sbestowal,ConfuciusgavehissontheformalnameKongLi[limeans“carp”]andthecourtesynameBoyu[yumeans“fish”]toshowthathewouldnotforgetthehonorfromtheDuke.
8、職司乘田:
孔子二十一歲時,曾任乘田吏,主管苑囿,負責養牛羊牲畜。
孔子都能盡心做好工作。
8.HoldingthePositionofaChengtian:
WhenConfuciuswastwenty-oneyearsold,heheldthepositionofchengtian,alow-rankingofficialinchargeofraisingcattle,sheep,andlivestock.Hedidthisjobwell.
9、學琴師襄:
孔子向師襄學習彈琴,十日不更換曲子,襄子曾三次勸他改習別的曲子,孔子分別以尚未體會此曲的韻律、志趣、和作者而推辭。
後來孔子在彈奏中突然說:
「非文王,誰能為此?
」老師驚歎孔子的悟性,說此曲正是《文王操》。
9.LearningtoPlaytheQinfromShiXiang:
Confuciuslearnedtoplaytheqin,amusicalinstrument,fromShiXiang.Confuciuspracticedapieceofmusicfortendays.ShiXiangurgedhimthreetimestomoveontoanotherpiecebutherefused.First,hesaidhehadnotmasteredtherhythm,thenhesaidhehadnotcaughtthespiritofthemusic,andfinallyhesaidhedidnotknowwhothecomposerwas.Later,whileplayingtheqin,Confuciussuddenlysaid,“WhoelsecouldhavecomposedthispieceofmusicbutKingWen[WenWang]!
”TheteachermarveledatConfucius’insightandsaidthatthispieceofmusicwasindeed“WenWangCao”.
10、問禮老聃:
孔子三十五歲,和南宮敬叔一齊到周地去,向老子問禮,因為老子曾做過周王朝的守藏室之史(管理藏書的官吏),熟知周禮,所以孔子特向老子請教。
LearningEtiquettefromLaoDan[Laozi]:
WhenConfuciuswasthirty-fiveyearsold,heandNangongJingshuwenttothelandofZhoutoaskLaoziaboutceremonies.LaoziwasonceanofficialinchargeoftheimperiallibraryintheZhoudynastyandwaswellversedintheZhouceremonies.Therefore,ConfuciusmadeaspecialefforttoaskLaozi.
11、在齊聞韶:
孔子三十五歲時,到了齊國,和齊國太師談論音樂,聽了傳說舜作的樂曲韶樂,沉醉其中,以至三個月吃飯都不知肉的味道。
11.HearingShaoMusicinQi:
WhenConfuciuswasthirty-fiveyearsold,hewenttotheStateofQi.Oneday,ConfuciusdiscussedmusicwiththeMinisterofMusicofQiandheardShaomusic,whichwasreportedlycomposedbyKingShun.Confuciuswassointoxicatedbythemusicthatforthreemonthshewasunawareofthetasteofthemeatheate.
12、晏嬰沮封:
孔子在齊國,齊景公問孔子如何治理國家,孔子建議他節省財力。
齊景公很高興,想把尼谿的田地封賜給孔子,但遭到大臣晏嬰的反對,於是孔子離開齊國,返回魯國。
12.YanYingOpposingtheBestowalofLand:
WhenConfuciuswasinQi,DukeJingaskedhimhowtoproperlyrulethestate.ConfuciussuggestedthattheDukeshouldbethriftywithfinancialresources.Verypleased,DukeJingwantedtobestowthefarmlandsinNixionConfucius.ButMinisterYanYingopposedthebestowal.ConfuciusthenleftQiandreturnedtoLu.
13、退修詩書:
魯定公六年時,季孫氏僭越公室,大臣們掌握了祭祀、征伐等國家政事,孔子當時四十八歲,看不慣這種禮崩樂壞的局面,不求做官,專心修詩書,定禮樂。
當時弟子來求學的很多。
13.RetiringtoEditBookofPoetryandBookofHistory:
DuringthesixthyearintothereignofDukeDingofLu,theJisunFamilyusurpedtheauthorityoftheDuke.Theministerscontrolledthestateaffairs,suchasmemorialceremoniesandmilitarycampaigns.Confuciuswasthenforty-eightyearsold.Hecouldnotbeartoseethecollapseofthestatesystem,sohedidnotseekagovernmentpositionanymore.Instead,heconcentratedoneditingBookofPoetry,BookofHistory,BookofRites,andBookofMusic.Atthattime,manypeoplecametostudywithhim.
14、夾谷會齊:
魯定公十年夏,齊魯兩國國君相會於夾谷。
齊國演奏四方之樂,孔子說兩君相會,不能用夷狄之樂,迫使齊景公撤走樂舞;齊國又演奏宮中之樂,孔子批評說匹夫惑亂諸侯,迫使齊景公處罰樂人。
由於孔子的智慧,使魯國在外交上取得了一次勝利。
14.MeetingtheDukeofQiinJiagu:
Insummer500BCE,theDukeofQiandtheDukeofLumetinJiagu.ThemusiciansofQiplayedbarbarianmusic.Confuciussaidthatbarbarianmusicshouldnotbeplayedwhendukes(notetoStephen:
“dukes”denoteageneraltermsonocapitalDrequired.)meetandmadetheDukeofQistopthemusicandthedancing.Themusiciansthenplayedthemusicofthecourt.ConfuciuscriticizedthemusiciansforcreatingconfusionanddisorderinfrontofthedukesandhadtheDukeofQipunishthem.LuthuswonadiplomaticvictorybecauseofConfucius’wisdom.
15、歸田謝過:
夾谷相會之後,齊景公回國責備自己的大臣「以夷狄之道教寡人」,致使齊國在外交上失禮,就將過去侵占的魯國的田地送還魯國,以表謝過。
15.ReturningLandsasanApology:
AfterthemeetinginJiagu,DukeJingofQireturnedtohisstateandreprimandedhisministersfor“teachingtheDukethewayofthebarbarians”andmakinghimbreachdiplomaticetiquette.Toexpresshisapology,theDukethenreturnedtoLuthelandsthatQihadtakenfromLu.
16、誅少正卯:
孔子由中都宰(中都的地方官)改任為司空,魯定公十一年又晉升為大司寇,並代理執行宰相的職務。
孔子當時誅殺了「亂政」大夫少正卯。
孔子參預國家大事三個月,做到路不拾遺,夜不閉戶,買賣公平,社會秩序良好,使國家呈現大治的景象。
16.ExecutingShaoZhengmao:
ConfuciuswaspromotedfromthepositionofalocalgovernmentofficialofZhongdutothepositionofMinisterofWorks.In499BCE,hewaspromotedtothepositionofMinisterofJusticeandactedasDeputyPrimeMinister.Duringthattime,hehadMinisterShaoZhengmaoexecutedforcausingpoliticaldisorder.Confuciusmanagedthestateaffairsforthreemonths.Noonepickedupandpocketedanythingdroppedonthestreets,doorswerenotshutatnight,tradewasconductedfairly,andsocialorderimproved.Alltheseshowedthatthestatewasinexcellentorder.
17、女樂文馬:
齊國聽說孔子執政,擔心魯國會吞併齊國,採用黎鉏的計謀,贈送給魯定公能歌善舞的女樂八十人、有文采的馬匹三十駟,企圖使魯國君臣玩樂喪志。
17.AGiftofDancingGirlsandGorgeous-ColoredHorses:
QiheardthatConfuciuscameintopowerandwasworriedthatLuwouldannexQi.QiadoptedLiChu’ssuggestionandgaveeightygirlswhoweregoodatsinginganddancing,andthirtyteamsofgorgeous-coloredhorsestoDukeDingofLuasagifts.ThiswasanattempttoinducetheDukeandhisministerstoindulgeinpleasureandtosap(suggestreplacewith“destroy”)theirwill.
18、因膰去魯:
魯君中了齊人的計,沉迷於女樂,怠惰於國事,郊祭後又沒有按照禮儀慣例向大夫們分送祭祀的胙肉。
孔子於是辭職出走,五十六歲開始周遊列國。
18.LeavingLuBecauseofSacrificialMeat:
TheDukeofLufellforQi’strick.Hewasintoxicatedwiththewomenanddidnotattendtothestateaffairs.Afterconductingamemorialceremonyinthesuburb,hedidnotdistributethesacrificialmeattotheministersaccordingtocustom.Therefore,Confuciusresignedandleft.Attheageoffifty-six,hestartedhistravelaroundthestates.
19、匡人解圍:
孔子離開魯國去衛國,從衛國去陳國,路過匡地。
魯國的陽虎曾施暴於匡人,孔子長得像陽虎,匡人就把孔子師徒圍拘了五天,孔子派隨從求助於衛國大夫寧武子才解了圍,離開匡地。
19.RescuedfromtheKuangPeople:
AfterConfuciusleftLu,hewenttotheStateofWei.OnhiswaytotheStateofChenfromWei,hetraveledthroughthelandofKuang.ALunativeYangHuhadoncetyrannizedtheKuangpeople.BecauseConfuciuslookedlikehim,thesepeopleseizedConfuciusandhisstudentsandimprisonedthemforfivedays.ConfuciussentanattendanttoaskNingWuzi,aministerofWei,forhelp.HewasfinallyrescuedandleftKuang.
20、適衛擊磬:
孔子五十九歲,在衛國,和弟子們擊磬消遣,有一個挑著草筐子的人從門前經過,嘆息說:
「這擊磬的人很有救世的心啊!
」過了一會又說:
「這擊磬的人是這樣固執啊!
世人不能瞭解你,就獨善其身吧!
」孔子聽了感嘆說:
「果如你所說,不可為則不為,那有何難呢?
」
20.GoingtoWeiandPlayingtheStoneChime:
Whenhewasfifty-nine,Confuciusiswas(shouldbe“was”)inWei.Oneday,whenhewasplayingthestonechimewithhisstudents,amancarryingstrawbasketspassedby.Themansaid,“Theoneplayingthestonechimehasamindtosavetheworld.”Afterawhile,(takeoutthe“,”)hesaid,“Howstubbornthisplayeris.Ifpeoplecannotunderstandyou,thenyouhadbettertendtoyourownaffairs.”Uponhearingthis,Confuciussighedandsaid,“IfIdoasyousayandgiveupbecauseitcannotbedone,howdifficultwillgivingupbe?
”
(衛靈公和夫人坐一輛車上)
21、22醜次同車:
孔子離開衛國,到了蒲地,一個多月又回到衛國。
一天,衛靈公和夫人坐在一輛車上出遊,却讓孔子坐在後面的車上跟隨,孔子說:
「我不曾見過愛好
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