4 级考前冲刺试题三.docx
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4 级考前冲刺试题三.docx
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4级考前冲刺试题三
4级考前冲刺试题三
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledStudents’DrivingtoSchool.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.目前有不少大学生开车上学
2.人们对此看法不一
3.我的看法
Students’DrivingtoSchool
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
ManywithNewCollegeDegreeFindtheJobMarketHumbling
Theindividualstoriesarefamiliar.Thechemistrymajortendingbar.Theclassicsmajoransweringphones.TheItalianstudiesmajorstockingshelvesatWal-Mart.
Nowevidenceisemergingthatthedamagecausedbythesoureconomyismorewidespreadthanjustafewcareersledastray(偏离正轨地)orpostponed.Evenforcollegegraduates—thepeoplewhoweremostprotectedfromtheeffectsofrecession—theoutlookisratherbleak(黯淡的).
Employmentratesfornewcollegegraduateshavefallensharplyinthelasttwoyears,ashavestartingsalariesforthosewhocanfindwork.What’smore,onlyhalfofthejobslandedbythesenewgraduatesevenrequireacollegedegree,revivingdebatesaboutwhetherhighereducationis“worthit”afterall.
“Ihavefriendswiththesamedegreeasme,fromaworseschool,butbecauseofwhotheykneworwhentheyhappenedtograduate,they’reinmuchbetterjobs,”saidKyleBishop,23,a2009graduateoftheUniversityofPittsburghwhohasspentthelasttwoyearswaitingtables,deliveringbeer,workingatabookstoreandenteringdata.“It’smoreaboutluckthananythingelse.”
Theaveragestartingsalaryforstudentsgraduatingfromfour-yearcollegesin2009and2010was$27,000,downfrom$30,000forthosewhoenteredtheworkforcein2006to2008,accordingtoastudyreleasedonWednesdaybytheJohnJ.HeldrichCenterforWorkforceDevelopmentatRutgersUniversity.Thatisadeclineof10percent,evenbeforetakinginflationintoaccount.
Ofcourse,thesearetheluckyones—thegraduateswhofoundajob.Amongthemembersoftheclassof2010,just56percenthadheldatleastonejobbythisspring,whenthesurveywasconducted.Thatcompareswith90percentofgraduatesfromtheclassesof2006and2007.(Somehavegoneforfurthereducationoroptedoutofthelaborforce,whilemanyarestilltryingveryhardtogetajob.)
Eventhesefiguresunderstatethedamagedonetotheseworkers’careers.Manyhavetakenjobsthatdonotmakeuseoftheirskills;aboutonlyhalfofrecentcollegegraduatessaidthattheirfirstjobrequiredacollegedegree.
Thechoiceofmajorisquiteimportant.Certainmajorshadbetterluckfindingajobthatrequiredacollegedegree,accordingtoananalysisbyAndrewM.Sum,aneconomistatNortheasternUniversity,of2009LaborDepartmentdataforcollegegraduatesunder25.
Younggraduateswhomajoredineducationandteachingorengineeringweremostlikelytofindajobrequiringacollegedegree,whileareastudiesmajors—thosewhomajoredinLatinAmericanstudies,forexample—andhumanitiesmajorswereleastlikelytodoso.Amongallrecenteducationgraduates,71.1percentwereinjobsthatrequiredacollegedegree;ofallareastudiesmajors,thesharewas44.7percent.
AnanalysisbyTheNewYorkTimesofLaborDepartmentdataaboutcollegegraduatesaged25to34foundthatthenumberoftheseworkersemployedinfoodservice,restaurantsandbarshadrisen17percentin2009from2008,thoughthesamplesizewassmall.Thereweresimilarorbiggeremploymentincreasesatgasstationsandfueldealers,foodandalcoholstores,andtaxiandlimousineservices.
Thismaybeawasteofacollegedegree,butitalsodisplaces(使离开)theless-educatedworkerswhowouldnormallytakethesejobs.
“Thelessschoolingyouhad,themorelikelyyouweretogetthrownoutofthelabormarketaltogether,”saidMr.Sum,notingthatunemploymentratesforhighschoolgraduatesanddropoutsarealwaysmuchhigherthanthoseforcollegegraduates.“Thereiscompletedisplacementallthewaydown.”
Meanwhile,collegegraduatesarehavingtroublepayingoffstudentloandebt,whichisatamedianof$20,000forgraduatesofclasses2006to2010.
Mr.Bishop,thePittsburghgraduate,saidheis“terrified”oftheeffectshisstarterjobsmighthaveonhisultimatecareer,whichhehopestobeinpublishingorwriting.“Itlooksbadtohavealltheseshort-termjobsonyourrésumé,butyoudohavetopaythebills,”hesaid,addingthatrightnowhisstudentloandebtwasover$70,000.
Manygraduateswillprobablytakeonmorestudentdebt.Morethan60percentofthosewhograduatedinthelastfiveyearssaytheywillneedmoreformaleducationtobesuccessful.
“Iknewthereweren’tgoingtobemanyjobprospectsformeuntilIgotmyPh.D.,”saidTravisPatterson,23,a2010graduateofCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton.Heisworkingasanadministrativeassistantforapropertymanagementcompanyandstudyingpsychologyingraduateschool.Whileitmaynothaveanythingtodowithhisdegree,“ithelpspaymyrentandtuition,andthat’swhatmatters.”
Goingbacktoschooldoesofferthepossibilityofjoiningthelaborforcewhentheeconomyisbetter.Unemploymentratesarealsogenerallylowerforpeoplewithadvancedschooling.
Thosewhodonotgobacktoschoolmaybeonalower-payingtrajectory(道路)foryears.Theystartatalowersalary,andtheymaybegintheircareerswithemployersthatpaylessonaverageorhavelessroomforgrowth.
“Theirsalaryhistoryfollowsthemwherevertheygo,”saidCarlVanHorn,alaboreconomistatRutgers.“It’slikeaparrotonyourshoulder,travelingwithyoueverywhere,constantlytellingyou‘No,youcan’tmakethatmuchmoney.’“
Andwhileyoungpeoplewhohavesurvivedatoughjobmarketmayshyfromrisksduringtheircareers,thebestwaytonullify(抵消……的影响)anunluckygraduationdateistochangejobswhenyoucan,saysTillvonWachter,aneconomistatColumbia.
“Ifyoudon’tmovewithinfiveyearsofgraduating,forsomereasonyougetstuckwhereyouare,”Mr.vonWachtersaid.“Byyourlate20s,you’reoftenmarried,andhaveafamilyandhaveahouse.Youstoptheactivepatternofmovingjobs.”
1.Whatdoweknowaboutcollegegraduatesinthepresentsoureconomy?
A)Theyhaveapositiveoutlookforthefuture.
B)Theyremainunaffectedbytherecession.
C)Jobprospectsforthemdon’tlookgood.
D)Startingsalariesforthemhaveincreased.
2.AccordingtoKyleBishop,whycanhisfriendshavebetterjobsthanhim?
A)Theygraduateattherighttime.C)Theyhaveobtainedhigherdegrees.
B)Theyhaveworkingexperience.D)Theygraduatefrombetterschools.
3.WhatdidthestudybytheJohnJ.HeldrichCenterforWorkforceDevelopmentreveal?
A)Graduatesstartingworkingin2010gothigherpaythanthosein2006.
B)Mostoftherecentcollegegraduateswereluckyenoughtofindajob.
C)Moregraduateschosetogetfurthereducationinsteadoftakingajob.
D)Thestartingsalaryfornewcollegegraduatesdeclinedinrecentyears.
4.AndrewM.Sum’sstudyfoundthatinfindingajobrequiringacollegedegree,_______.
A)goodluckwasextremelynecessaryC)areastudiesmajorshadabigadvantage
B)thechoiceofmajorwasquiteimportantD)recentgraduatesweremorelikelytosucceed
5.Accordingtotheauthor,collegegraduates’workinginplaceslikegasstations_______.
A)makesthemmoredown-to-earthpeopleC)maybeawasteoftheircollegedegrees
B)isgoodtothediversityoftheworkforceD)motivatesless-educatedworkerstoimprove
6.HowdidMr.Bishopseetheshort-termjobshetook?
A)Theywoulddefinitelybethehighlightofhisresume.
B)Theymighthavenegativeeffectsonhisultimatecareer.
C)Theycouldlandhimagoodjobinpublishingorwriting.
D)Theyweretheonlywaytopayoffhisstudentloandebt.
7.TravisPattersonchosetoworkasanadministrativeassistantbecausethejob_______.
A)offerede
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