考研英语一答案及解析 20.docx
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考研英语一答案及解析 20.docx
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考研英语一答案及解析20
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot__1___itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw___2___justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat__3___thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.
JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe__4__asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot___5__byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself____6___tothecodeofconductthat__7____totherestofthefederaljudiciary.
Thisandothercases___8___thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla___9__betweenthecourtandpolitics.
TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw__10__havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions__11__theywouldbefreeto__12__thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto__13___politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely__14___.
Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial___15___likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit__16___isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily___17__asunjust.
Thejusticesmust__18___doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves__19___tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,__20___,convincingaslaw.
1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]best[C]before[D]unless
3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated
4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]leads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]through[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied
15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]convenience16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]byallmeans[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!
”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedon
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