考研英语二真题与答案解析.docx
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考研英语二真题与答案解析.docx
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考研英语二真题与答案解析
2013考研英语
(二)真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext・Choose
thebest
word(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.
(10points)
Giventheadvantagesof
electronic
money,
you
might
thinkthat
we
would
movequicklytothecashlesssociety
in
which
all
payments
are
made
electronically・1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.
Indeed,
predictions
havebeen
2
fortwo
decadesbuthavenotyetcome
to
fruition.
Forexample,
Business
Week
predicted
in1975
thatelectronic
means
of
payment
wouldsoon''revolutionize
the
very3
ofmoney
itself,'*
only
to4itself_severalyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssociety
beenso5incoming?
Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapayments
systembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearaneeofthepaper
system・First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,and
telecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8form
ofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,
somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10・Third,theuseofpaper
checksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof'"float”-ittakesseveraldays11
checkiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthat
thewriterof
thecheck
cancaminterest
on
thefunds
in
the
meantime.
13electronic
payments
arcimmediate,
they
eliminate
the
float
forthe
consumer.
Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.
Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessa
computerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnot
an16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbank
accountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.
The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienee
electronicmeans
ofpaymentleaves
anelectronic20
thatcontainsalarge
amountofpersonal
data・Thereare
concernsthatgovernment,employers,and
marketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.
1・[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore
[D]Otherwise
2.[A]off
[B]back
[C]over
[D]around
3.[A]power
[B]coneept
[C]history
[D]role
4.[A]reward
[B]resist
[C]resume
[D]reverse
5.[A]silent
[B]sudden
[C]slow
[D]steady
6.[A]for
[B]against
[CJwith
[D]on
7.[A]imaginative
[B]expensive
[C]sensitive
[D]productive
8.[A]similar
[B]original
[C]temporary
[D]dominant
9.[A]collect
[B]provide
[C]copy
[D]print
10.[A]giveup
[B]takeover
[C]bringback[D]passdown
11.[A]before
[B]after
[C]since
[D]when
12.[A]kept
[B]borrowed
[C]released
[D]withdrawn
13.[A]Unless
[B]Until
[C]Because
[D]Though
14.[A]hide
[B]express
[C]raise
(D]ease
15.[A]analyzed
[B]shared
[C]stored
[D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe
[B]unnatural
[C]uncommon
[D]unclear
17.[A]steal
[B]choose
[C]benefit
[D]return
18.[A]consideration
[B]prevent!
on
[C]manipulation[D]justification
19.[A]copewith
[B]fightagainst
[C]adaptto
[D]callfor
20.[A]chunk
[B]chip
[C]path
[D]trail
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts・AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,
B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
manistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.
Davidson'sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappeared
makingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentand
thaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.
moreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,
cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius・Therefore,everyoneneedsto
whateveristheirfieldofemployment.
Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere
factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious
70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared・
Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices・Buttheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandthel・T・revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage・
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG」.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.
21・ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.
[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances
[B]thealleviationofjobpressure
[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills
[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes
22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto
[A]workoncheapsoftware
[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle
[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat
[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased
[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed
[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore
[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered
24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis
[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution
[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople
[C]toadvaneeeconomicglobalization
[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]NewLawTakesEffect
[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOver
[D]RecessionIsBad
Text2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticineludedsettlersand
sojoumers.Alongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeinthe
UnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrived
whileabout2milliondeparted・AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood・Theyevenhadanaffectionate
nickname,“uccellidipassaggio,"birdsofpassage・
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersinto
twocategories:
legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthe
making,orourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisover
howtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywe
think
about
categories・
Weneed
tolookbeyondstrict
definitions
of
legaland
illegal.
To
start,we
canrecognize
thenewbirdsof
passage,
those
livingand
thriving
in
thegray
areas・We
mightthenbegin
tosolve
our
immigration
challenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home
health-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday*sbirdsofpassage・Theyare
energeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyand
ideas・Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanageto
haveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswith
ease・WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbe
productiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneed
themtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwo
nationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudes
onbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle・Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicof
rightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthat
managingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes・
Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem・
26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho・
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic
[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood
[C]stayinaforeigntemporarily
[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas
27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS・
[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories
[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants
[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges
[DJhasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans
28Accordingtotheauthor,today'sbirdsofpassagewant
[A]financialincentives・
[B]aglobalrecognition.
[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs・
[DJthefreedomtostayandleave・
29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_
[A]asfaithfulpartners.
[B]witheconomicfavors・
[C]withregaltoleranee.
[D]asmightyrivals・
30whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
[A]comeandgo:
bigmistake
[B]livingandthriving:
greatrisk
[C]withorwithout:
greatrisk
[DJIegalorillegal:
bigmistake
Text3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwe
takeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreven
eliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.
whethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactvery
minute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.
tothe
Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren'texclusive
interpersonalrealm・PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,even
thoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfood
doing,Subjectsexposedtof
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