英语写作.docx
- 文档编号:4972917
- 上传时间:2022-12-12
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:31.94KB
英语写作.docx
《英语写作.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语写作.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语写作
第一课
AmericanmedicalwritersAssociationAMWA
Typesofmedicalwriting
Originalarticle
Revien
Shortreport
Casereport
EX:
心电图的电波清楚地显示在纸上
Thewavesofthecardiogramappearedclearlyonthepaper.
ShowupV.S.appear
Hedidn’tshowup……
Showupafraud
Showup可表达“使出现”,“到达”,“揭穿”
Appear“出现”
Accuracy:
Passivevoice
Medicalwritingv.s.literarywriting
Chemicaltreatmenthasbeenadministeredtothepatient.
Treatmentv.s.therapy
Drugtherapy/treatment
Diettherapy饮食疗法
Radiotherapy放射治疗
Aggressivetherapy侵入性疗法
Psychotherapy精神疗法
Emphasisontheresearchorientation
Diabetesmellitus:
Newdiagnosticcriteria
Thebasicstructureofmedicalwriting
●Title
●Authorship
●Abstractandkeywords
●Introduction
●Materialsandmethods
●Results
●Discussion
●Acknowledgements
●Conclusion
●References
Authorship
●Authorship
●Title
●Authors
●Department
●Academicdegree(PHD,MD)
●RogerR,Dozois,MD,PHD
剑桥大学医学院内科心血管,肺研究室
Cardiovascular-pulmonaryresearchlaboratory,
Departmentofmedicine,schoolofmedicine,universityofCambridge
Title
Subtitle
1.Emphasisonthecasesofillness
EX:
Aretrospectivestudyof176consecutivecasesofabdominalpainintheemergencyroom.
Abdominalpainintheemergencyroom:
retrospectivestudyof176consecutivecases
2.Emphasisontheresearchorientation
糖尿病:
新的诊断标准
Diabetesmellitus:
Newdiagnosticcriteria
3.Emphasisontheresearchmethods
传染性肝炎继发糖尿病患者随机
Afollowupstudyondiabetesafterinfectioushapetitis.
Diabetesafterinfectioushapetitis:
Afollowupstudy
4.Toraisequeries
药物调节:
进化还是革命?
Drugevolution:
Evolutionorrevolution?
慢性腹痛是手术症状还是精神症状?
Ischronicabdominalpainasurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?
Chronicabdominalpain:
asurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?
5.Indicatingthetimeofresearch
中国烧伤护理综合研究:
2002-2006
AcollaborativestudyofburnnursinginChina:
2002-2006
曲张静脉内镜硬化疗法:
一年临床经验研究
Oneyearclinicalexperiencewithendoscopicvaricosesclerosis.
endoscopicvaricosesclerosis:
Oneyearclinicalexperience
Howtowritetitles
1.alleapitalized
GENETICDAMAGEFROMRADIATION?
2.GeneticDamagefromRadiation?
3.Geneticdamagefromradiation?
我们对三例鱼胆中毒的病例进行了研究。
三例都出现多脏器衰竭,包括肝肾衰竭;其中一例还出现了胃肠衰竭,经透析、保护肝脏和止血等措施,三例病人都临床治愈。
本文强调了治疗鱼胆中毒病例中透析作用。
Thisarticlereportsthreecasesoffishgallbladderpoisoningwherethethreepatientsdevelopedtrointestinalfailureinonepatient.Allthethreepatientswereclinicallycuredasaresultoftherapeuticinterventionsincludinggastriclavagerdialysisprotectionofliverandhemostasisamongwhichdialysisisconsideredtobeacriticalprocedureinthemanagementoffishgallbladderpoisoning.
Introduction
Researchbackground
Currentsituationofresearch
MaterialandMethods,outcomesoftheresearch
Thepurposeofresearch
Researchcontentsandtheexperiments
Thetenseofintroduction
Researchbackground,Currentsituationofresearchorunsolvedproblems
Presenttense,presentperfecttense
Passivevoice(被动语态)
例子:
自40年前首次报道以来,人们一直认为肥厚型心肌病(HCM)与严重活动能力受限和过早死亡有关。
据报道,每年死亡率高达3-6%
Ex:
Sinceitsinitialdescription40yearsago,HCMhasbeenlargelyregardedtobeassociatedwithsubstantialdisabilityandprematuredeath,andannualmortalityratesashighas3~6%hasbeenreported.
1.Toraisedifferentideas
Therehavebeendifferent/conflictingreportregarding/on……
……studieshavedifferedintheirconclusionon/about/regarding
2.tocite
Sb.Report/found/described/mentionedthat
Ithasbeenreported/demonstrated/observedthat
3.emphasizeonunsolvedproblems
Littleresearchhasbeendoneon……
Littleattentionhasbeenpaidto/givento
Itisunclear/uncertain/unknownwhether……
4.toraisetheimportanceoftheresearch
……haspracticalsignificance/implicationfor……
……hasbeenthesubjectoftheintensiveresearch
……hasbeenthefocusofmuchinterestanddebate
5.toemphasizeonthecontentandthepurposeoftheresearch
Thepurpose/objective/aim/goalofthisstudywasto
Thisstudywasconducted/performed/carriedoutto
Inanattemptedtoinvestigate……
Inaneffortto……
Inthisstudy,weattempted/aimed/soughtto
Ex:
将48例恶性高血压患者与92例非恶性高血压患者做了吸烟习惯的对比研究,初诊时就已吸烟的恶性高血压患者有33例,非恶性患者34例,两者之间有显著差异。
即使对男性患者进行比较,或将白人与黑人进行比较,这种差异也仍然显著。
本研究表明:
恶性高血压是一种吸烟有关的疾病。
Thesmokinghabitof48patientswithmalignanthypertensionswascomparedwiththatof92patientswithnon-malignanthypertension.Thirty-threeofthepatientswithmalignantand34ofpatientswithnon-malignanthypertensionweresmokerfirstdiagnosed.Thisdifferencewassignificant,andremainedsowhenonlymenorbalckandwhitepatientswereconsideredseparately.Resultsuggestthatmalignanthypertensionisyetanotherdiseaserelatedtocigarettesmoking.
第二课
Materialandmethods
Patients/participants/subjectsandmethods
Casesandmethods
Casereport
Clinicalinformation
Methodsofoperation
Methodsofinvestigation
Tense
Passivevoicepasttense
受试者就座至少5分钟后,由训练有素的观察者用标准水银血压计测量两次血压。
Bpwasmeasuredtwicebytrainedobserversusingastandardmercurysphygmomanometerafterthesubjecthadbeenseatedforatleast5minutes.
选择受试者:
1.入选的标准是
Inclusion/Entrycriteriawere……
2.不得入选的标准是
Exclusioncriteriainclude……
3.……参加本项研究
……wereenteredintothestudy
4.研究对象的选择根据
Selectionwasbasedon……
表示实验标本制备:
从……取标本:
Samplesof……wereobtained/takenfrom
在……条件收集:
……wascollected/harvestedunder……conditions
Result
多数值的表达
胰腺炎5例和心肌炎2例
Pancrealitis,5patientsandmyocarditis,2patients
恶心呕吐11/14,腹泻7/14
Nauseaandvomiting(11of14),diarrhea(7of14)
MedicalTranslation
Feature临床特征Symptom临床症状Agepredication好发年龄
表示程度的词汇
Size
weight
illness
Small
Light
mild
Medium
Medium
Moderate
Large
heavy
severe
Extralarge
Apply:
Abalmappliedtothelips
Apply将在
Apply“加入”inmedicaltranslation
Applytheantigencontainingsampletothemicroplate.
Englishsourcetext
Concentrate
Deeplypenetratingliquidsthatcontainthemostconcentrationofactives
Balms
Highlyemollient,protectivebasesthatmaximizeingredientabsorption
Creammoisturizers
Richlytexturedmoisturizersthatprovidedeepandlastingresults
精华
深层渗透,富含活性因子。
乳膏
丝质润滑,基底防护,强效吸收。
润肤霜
独特乳霜质地,深层吸收,持久保湿。
第三课
Abstract
A.IndicativeAbstract
B.InformativeAbstract
C.StructuredAbstract
A.IndicativeAbstract
ØDescriptiveAbstract(说明性/指示性摘要)
Ø100words
ØSimplepresenttense&Presentperfecttense
*notincludemethodandresult
Ex:
PleuralFibrosisAfterPractololTherapy
Wedescribe(研究)twopatientswhodeveloped(继发)pleuralfibrosisaftertreatmentwithpractolol.
B.InformativeAbstract
ØResearchbackgroundinformation(simplepresenttense&Presentperfecttense)
ØThepurposeoftheResearch(simplepresenttense&Presentperfecttense)
ØTheprogressoftheResearch(pasttense)
ØTheoutcomeoftheResearch(simplepresenttense)
Ø300words
ØThedataoftheresearch(pasttense)
C.StructuredAbstract
250WORDS
Objective
Methods
Result
Conclusion
Ex:
Objective:
ToevaluatetheincidenceoffactorVinpatientswithvenousthrombosisandhealthyvolunteers
Methods:
FactorVwereanalyzedin97casesofvenousthrombosisandhealthyvolunteers
Results:
NoVwasfoundineachgroup.
Conclusion:
ThelowincidenceoffactorsuggesttheyarenotthemajorgeneticriskfactorsforthrombophiliainChinese.
ØInfinctivephrase(不定式)inObjective
ToevaluatetheincidenceoffactorVinpatientswithvenousthrombosisandhealthyvolunteers(注意:
翻译成中文时不必要用为了了解……,直接译为了解……)
ØPassivevoiceinMethods
Pasttenseorpastperfecttense
Methods:
factorVwereanalyzedin97casesofvenousthrombosisandhealthyvolunteers
ØPassivevoiceinResults
Passtense
ØConclusion
Simplepresenttense
例子:
Context:
experimentsshowthatdentalcariesratesarehigheramonglead-exposedanimals,butthisassociationhasnotbeenestablishedinhumans.
Objective:
toexaminetherelationshipbetweenbloodleadlevelsanddentalcaries.
Design:
cross-sectionalsurveyconductedfrom1988to1994thatincludedadentalexamination.
Conclusion:
environmentalleadexposureisassociatedwithanincreasedprevalenceofdental
cariesintheUSpopulation.Findingsmayhelpexplainthedistributionofcariesbyincomeandregionoftheunitedstates.
Discussion
Certainly100%surecanorwill
Resultsreportedhereprovidesatoolthatcanbeusedtoanalyzethefunctionofthecompound.
UncertainlySuggestorimply
ØForprovidingadvice
Suggest/propose
Wesuggestthat/Itissuggestedthat+subjectivemood
Wesuggestthattheseexperimentsberepeatedusingawiderangeofinitialconditions
Itissuggestiedthatthecriteriashouldberevised.
ØSomebasicexpressions
✧数据说明
Data/results/demonstrate/confirm/suggest/indicate/revealthat……
✧……实验(结果,发现,调查,事实)提供基础
Experiment/results/findings/investigation/facts/supplyabasisfor
✧观察结果与理论一致
Theobservationresultsareconsistent/inaccordwiththetheory/idea/proposal
✧观察anobservationof/on
Collocation
1诊断:
A诊断B(A诊断方法,B病名)
AinthediagnosisofB,
diagnosisofBby/withA.
胆石症的超声诊断ultrasonographyinthediagnosisofgallstones.
2药物治疗:
A治疗B(A药物名称,B病名)
Ainthetreatment/managementofB,treatmentofBwithA
可乐定治疗高血压
Clonidineinthetreatmentofhypertension.
Classexercise1
Englishsourcetext
Concentrate
Deeplypenetratingliquidsthatcontainthemostconcentrationofactives
Balms
Highlyemollient,protectivebasesthatmaximizeingredientabsorption
Creammoisturizers
Richlytexturedmoisturizersthatprovidedeepandlastingresults
Medicaltranslationpractice
TranslatethemedicaltextintoChinese.
Meanageatdiagnosiswas47yearsrange1monthto86years.Forty-threepatients(16%)wereyoungerthan20yearswhile90patients(32%)were60yearsorolder.152(55%)weremen.Allpatientswerewhite.Circum
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 写作