高考英语 阅读理解精英训练题18.docx

高考英语 阅读理解精英训练题18.docx

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高考英语阅读理解精英训练题18

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（18）及答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（A）

Itiseasyforustotellourfriendsfromourenemies．Butcanotheranimalsdothesame?

Elephantscan!

Theycanusetheirsenseofvisionandsmelltotellthedifferencebetweenpeoplewhoposeathreatandthosewhodonot．

InKenya,researchersfoundthatelephantsreactdifferentlytoclothingwornbymenoftheMaasaiandKambaethnicgroups．YoungMaasaimenspearanimalsandthusposeathreattoelephants;Kambamenaremainlyfarmersandarenotadangertoelephants．

Inanexperimentconductedbyanimalscientists,elephantswerefirstpresentedwithcleanclothingorclothingthathadbeenwornforfivedaysbyeitheraMaasaioraKambaman．WhentheelephantsdetectedthesmellofclothingwornbyaMaasaiman,theymovedawayfromthesmellfasterandtooklongertorelaxthanwhentheydetectedthesmellsofeitherclothingwornbyKambamenorclothingthathadnotbeenwornatall．

Garmentcoloralsoplaysarole,thoughinadifferentway．Inthesamestudy,whentheelephantssawredclothingnotwornbefore,theyreactedangrily,asredistypicallywornbyMaasaimen．Ratherthanrunningawayastheydidwiththesmell,theelephantsactedaggressivelytowardtheredclothing]

Theresearchersbelievethattheelephants’emotionalreactionsareduetotheirdifferentinterpretationsofthesmellsandthesights．Smellingapotentialdangermeansthatathreatisnearbyandthebestthingtodoisrunawayandhide．Seeingapotentialthreatwithoutitssmellmeansthatriskislow．Therefore,insteadofshowingfearandrunningaway,theelephantsexpresstheirangerandbecomeaggressive．

1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKambaandMaasaipeople?

A．Maasaipeopleareathreattoelephants．

B．Kambapeopleraiseelephantsforfarming．

C．BothKambaandMaasaipeopleareelephanthunters．

D．BothKambaandMaasaipeopletraditionallywearredclothing．

2．Howdidtheelephantsreacttosmellinthestudy?

A．Theyattackedamanwiththesmellofnewclothing．

B．Theyneededtimetorelaxwhensmellingsomethingunfamiliar．

C．TheybecameanxiouswhentheysmelledKamba-scentedclothing．

D．Theywerefrightenedandranawaywhentheysmelledtheirenemies．

3．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A．Elephantsusesightandsmelltodetectdanger．

B．Elephantsattackpeoplewhowearredclothing．

C．Scientistsarenowabletocontrolelephants’emotions．

D．SomeKenyantribesunderstandelephants’emotionsverywell．

4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheelephant’sbehaviorfromthispassage?

A．Elephantslearnfromtheirexperiences．

B．Elephantshavesharpersenseofsmellthansight．

C．Elephantsaremoreintelligentthanotheranimals]

D．Elephantstendtoattackratherthanescapewhenindanger．

参考答案（A）ADAA

第三部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

（2012·山东潍坊三县市上学期联考）

Longbusridesareliketelevisionshows.Theyhaveabeginning，amiddle，andanendwithcommercials（广告）thrownineverythreeorfourminutes.Thecommercialsareunavoidable.Theyhappenwhetheryouwantthemornot.Everycoupleof

minutesabillboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow.“BuySuperCleanToothpaste.”“DrinkGoodWetRootBeer.”“FillupwithPacificGas.”Onlyifyousleep，whichisequaltoturningthetelevisionsetoff，areyousparedtheunendingcryof“YouNeedIt！

BuyItNow！

”

Thebeginningoftherideiscomfortableandsomewhatexciting，evenifyou'vetraveledthatwaybefore.Usuallysomethingshavechanged—newhouses，newbuildings，sometimesevenanewroad.Thebusdriverhasastyleofdrivingandit'sfuntotrytofigureitoutthefirsthourorso.Ifthedriverisparticularlyreckless（鲁莽的）ordaring，theridecanbeasthrillingasasusp

ensestory.Willthedriverpassthetruckintime？

Willthedrivermoveintotherightorthelefthandlane？

Afterawhile，ofcourse，theexcitementdiesdown.Sleepingforawhilehelpspassthemiddlehoursoftheride.Foodalwaysmakesbusridesmoreinteresting.Butyou'vegottobecarefulofwhatkindoffoodyoueat.Toomuchsaltyfoodcanmakeyouverythirstybetweenstops.

Theendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginning.Youknowitwillsoonbeoverandthere'sakindofexpectationandexcitementinthat.Theseat，ofcourse，hasbecomeharderasthehourshavepassed.Bynowyou'vesatwithyourlegscrossed，withyourhandsinyourlap，withyourhandsonthearmrestorevenwithyourhandscrossedbehindyourhead.Theendcomesjustattherighttime.Therearejustnomorewaystosit.

56．Accordingtothepassage，whatdothepassengersusuallyseewhentheyareonalongbustrip?

A．Busesontheroad.B．Filmsontelevision.

C．Advertisementsonthebillboards.D．Gasstations.

57．Thewriterofthispassagewouldprobablyfavor______.

A．busdriverswhoaren'trecklessB．drivingalone

C．atelevisionsetonthebusD．nobillboardsalongtheroad

58．Thewriterthinksthattheendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginningbecausebothare______.

A．boringB．comfortableC．tiringD．exciting

59．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A．Togivethewriter'sopinionaboutlongbustrips.

B．Topersuadeyoutotakealongbustrip.

C．Toexplainhowbustripsandtelevisionshowsdiffer.

D．Todescribethebillboardsalongtheroad.

56．C　从第一段的第五句话“Everycoupleofminutesabillboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow.”可知，长途汽车旅行过程中常常会看到广告牌。

57．D　从第一段最后一句话可知，作者认为，除非睡觉，相当于关掉电视，你才能免受无休止的“你需要它，现在就买下来吧”的喊叫的折磨，由此推断作者可能不喜欢路边的广告牌。

58．D　根据第二段第一句话中的“Thebeginningoftherideiscomfortableandsomewhatexciting”及第三段的第一、二句话“Theendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginning...there'sakindofexpectationandexcitementinthat.”可知答案。

59．A　作者将长途汽车旅行与观看电视节目进行对比，讲述了旅行开始、中间、结束时的不同心情，向读者传达了他对长途汽车旅行的一种认识。

.（2011·四川卷）E

Inbusiness,there’saspeeddifference:

It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive（竞争的）strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfulorlosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.

Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearsperiod.

Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?

Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower“and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed（movingquickly）andstrategicspeed（reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue）.Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.

Inourstudy,highperformingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideaanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookandlearn.Bycontrast（相比而言）.Performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfaltalltheamongtheiremployer,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.

Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?

A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.

C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal

58.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.

A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.

B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetter

C.spendinglesstimeandperformingworse

D.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter

59.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.

B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.

C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.

D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.

60.Wherecouldbethelasttitleforthetext?

A.Improvequality?

Servebetter.

B.Delivervalue?

Ploughahead.

C.Reducetime?

Movefaster.

D.Needspeed?

Slowdown.

【答案】BDCD

Fallingwaterhasprovidedenjoymenttomanypeopleovertheyears—firstasaweekendretreatfortheKaufmannfamilyandtheirfriends，andnowasanunusualexperienceforvisitorsfromnearandfar.

WhenFrankLloydWrightcametothesite，heappreciatedthepowerfulsoundofthefalls，thebeautyoftheyoungforest，andtheamazingrocks.Heunderstoodthatpeoplewerecreaturesofnature；therefore，anarchitecturewhichconformedtonaturewouldconformtowhatwasbasicinpeople.Forexample，peopleinsideFallingwaterareprotectedasinadeepcave，buttheirattentionisalwaysdirectedtowardtheoutsidebylowceilings.Thehousehardlyhasamainentrance；therearemanywaysinandout，justlikeinnaturewhilethematerialsofthestructuremixwiththecoloringofrocksandtrees.

FallingwateropenedanewchapterinAmericanarchitecture，andisperhapsconsideredWright'sgreatestwork.Thisisarchitecturethatattractsourimagination，andallowsustoseespaceandhabitationinwaysthatseemnew.

In1936，evenbeforeitwasfinished，knowledgeablepeopletalkedaboutthisnewworkofFrankLloydWright.LaterpeoplethoughtthatWrig