运维工程师必学.docx
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运维工程师必学.docx
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运维工程师必学
做为一个工程师,很多的时候会发现,学习的技术应用是分工作岗位的,有些内容用的多,有些内容几乎很少用。
cisco的初学者,应该掌握哪些命令,至少可以在一个企业中来做相关设备的运维(排除系统、网络、服务器、存储、vpn、安全、虚拟化等等)
简单的来说吧,我总结如下,主要针对的是零基础的,行从事这个行业的人。
闲话少说,上命令吧:
路由器基本操作
1.基本配置模式
Router>//用户模式
Router>enable//在用户模式敲入enable进入特权模式(也叫enable模式)
Router#disable//在特权模式敲入disable退出到用户模式
Router>enable//在用户模式敲入enable进入特权模式
Router#configureterminal//在特权模式敲入configureterminal进入到配置模式
Router(config)#interfaceethernet0/0//在配置模式敲入“interface+接口类型+接口编号”进入接口模式
Router(config-if)#exit//敲入exit退出接口模式
Router(config)#routerrip//敲入“router+路由协议”进入router模式
Router(config-router)#exit//退出router模式
Router(config)#lineconsole0//进入line模式
Router(config-line)#end//从line模式退出(任何时候敲入end会退出到特权模式)
Router#conft
Router(config)#interfaceethernet0/0.1//进入子接口模式
Router(config-subif)#end//任何时候敲入end会退出到特权模式
常用show命令的介绍:
Router#showversion查看路由器版本
Router#showflash:
查看路由器flash
Router#showhistory查看历史命令记录
Router#showinterfacess0/0查看接口物理相关信息
Router#showipints0/0查看接口协议相关信息
Router#showipintbrief查看接口简要信息
Router#showrunning-config查看路由器启动配置文件
Router#showrunning-config查看路由器运行配置文件
Router#showusers查看当前登录的所有用户
Router#showarp查看路由器ARP表
试验如下图:
查看路由器日志信息:
Router#showbuffers
Bufferelements:
1119infreelist(1119maxallowed)
16hits,0misses,619created
Publicbufferpools:
Smallbuffers,104bytes(total89,permanent50,peak89@00:
01:
08):
58infreelist(20min,150maxallowed)
97hits,13misses,0trims,39created
0failures(0nomemory)
Middlebuffers,600bytes(total43,permanent25,peak43@00:
01:
09):
40infreelist(10min,150maxallowed)
92hits,6misses,0trims,18created
0failures(0nomemory)
Bigbuffers,1536bytes(total50,permanent50):
50infreelist(5min,150maxallowed)
66hits,0misses,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
VeryBigbuffers,4520bytes(total10,permanent10):
10infreelist(0min,100maxallowed)
0hits,0misses,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
Largebuffers,5024bytes(total0,permanent0):
0infreelist(0min,10maxallowed)
0hits,0misses,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
Hugebuffers,18024bytes(total0,permanent0):
0infreelist(0min,4maxallowed)
0hits,0misses,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
Interfacebufferpools:
IPCbuffers,4096bytes(total2,permanent2):
2infreelist(1min,8maxallowed)
0hits,0fallbacks,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
Headerpools:
Headerbuffers,0bytes(total511,permanent256,peak511@00:
01:
19):
255infreelist(256min,1024maxallowed)
171hits,85misses,0trims,255created
0failures(0nomemory)
256maxcachesize,256incache
0hitsincache,0missesincache
ParticleClones:
1024clones,0hits,0misses
Publicparticlepools:
F/Sbuffers,128bytes(total512,permanent512):
0infreelist(0min,512maxallowed)
512hits,0misses
512maxcachesize,512incache
0hitsincache,0missesincache
Normalbuffers,512bytes(total2048,permanent2048):
2048infreelist(1024min,4096maxallowed)
0hits,0misses,0trims,0created
0failures(0nomemory)
Privateparticlepools:
FastEthernet0/0buffers,512bytes(total400,permanent400):
0infreelist(0min,400maxallowed)
400hits,0fallbacks
400maxcachesize,271incache
129hitsincache,0missesincache
14bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/0buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/1buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/2buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/3buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/4buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/5buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/6buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
Serial1/7buffers,512bytes(total64,permanent64):
0infreelist(0min,64maxallowed)
64hits,0fallbacks
64maxcachesize,27incache
37hitsincache,0missesincache
10bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
FastEthernet2/0buffers,512bytes(total400,permanent400):
0infreelist(0min,400maxallowed)
400hits,0fallbacks
400maxcachesize,271incache
129hitsincache,0missesincache
14bufferthreshold,0thresholdtransitions
查看路由器CPU使用信息:
Router#showprocesscpu
CPUutilizationforfiveseconds:
3%/0%;oneminute:
1%;fiveminutes:
0%
PIDRuntime(ms)InvokeduSecs5Sec1Min5MinTTYProcess
10400.00%0.00%0.00%0ChunkManager
201400.00%0.00%0.00%0LoadMeter
30100.00%0.00%0.00%0chkptmessageha
40100.00%0.00%0.00%0EDDRI_MAIN
5841084000.00%0.05%0.01%0Checkheaps
60100.00%0.00%0.00%0PoolManager
70200.00%0.00%0.00%0Timers
80200.00%0.00%0.00%0ATMAutoVCPerio
90200.00%0.00%0.00%0ATMVCAutoCrea
100200.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCDynamicCach
110100.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCZoneManager
1206700.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCPeriodicTim
1306700.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCDeferredPor
140100.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCSeatManager
150100.00%0.00%0.00%0IPCBackPressure
161646624843.44%0.27%0.05%0EnvMon
170100.00%0.00%0.00%0OIRHandler
180100.00%0.00%0.00%0Crashwriter
190500.00%0.00%0.00%0ARPInput
200200.00%0.00%0.00%0ATMIdleTimer
210200.00%0.00%0.00%0AAAhigh-capacit
--More--
查看物理内存使用信息:
Router#showmemary
I/Omemory
ddressBytesPrevNextRefPrevFNextFAllocPCwhat
0000000000000032000000000F0000500006506981C000000000(fragment
a*005000000002720F0000000F000190001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*019000000002720F0000500F0002D0001----------------60325474*PacketD
0002D000000002720F0001900F000410001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*
00041000000002720F0002D00F000550001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*
a*055000000002720F0004100F000690001----------------60325474*PacketD
00069000000002720F0005500F0007D0001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*
0007D000000002720F0006900F000910001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*
00091000000002720F0007D00F000A50001----------------60325474*PacketD
a*
查看running-config配置文件
Router#showrunning-config//running-config是运行在RAM里面的配置信息//
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
!
version11.3
servicetimestampsdebuguptime
servicetimestampsloguptime
noservicepassword-encryption
!
hostnameRouter
!
interfaceEthernet0//接口默认情况下是关闭的//
noipaddress
shutdown
!
interfaceSerial0
noipaddress
shutdown
!
!
interfaceSerial1
noipaddress
shutdown
!
noipclassless
7
linecon0
lineaux0
linevty04
end
查看FLASH:
Router#showflash
FileLengthName/status
17890728c2500-ds-l_113-9.bin
[7890792bytesused,497816available,8388608total]
8192KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY)
注意:
FLASH有两种类型,一种是只读的(readonly),这种类型的FLASH内IOS是不能升级的,出厂的时候IOS就已经固化在里面;另一种是可擦写的(readwrite),这种类型的FALSH是可以升级IOS的。
查看版本信息:
Router#showversion
ROM:
SystemBootstrap,Version5.2(8a),RELEASESOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH:
3000BootstrapSoftware(IGS-RXBOOT),Version10.2(8a),RELEASESOFTW
ARE(fc1)
RouterAuptimeis11minutes
Systemrestartedbypower-on
Systemimagefileis"flash:
c2500-d-l_113-5.bin",bootedviaflash
Bridgingsoftware.
X.25software,Version3.0.0.
1Ethernet/IEEE802.3interface(s)
2Serialnetworkinterface(s)
32Kbytesofnon-volatileconfigurationmemory.
8192KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY)
Configurationregisteris0x2102
注意:
在showversion中,可以显示路由器所有的硬件和软件的信息,比较重要的有IOS的版
本信息,硬件接口信息,FLASH信息和寄存器值信息。
2.登陆路由器的必须配置
Router(config)#noipdomainlookup关闭DNS解析
Router(config)#lineconsole0
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout00设置永不超时
Router(config-line)#loggingsynchronous关闭日志同步,阻止控制台的提示信息
路由器上时间的设置:
Router#clockset10:
05:
4222february2008
Router#showclock
10:
05:
42.367UTCFriFeb222008
常见密码的设置:
Router(config)#linevty04
Router(config-line)#password123//设置远程登陆密码
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config)#lineconsole0
Router(config-line)#password[password]//设置con口登录密码
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#exit
VTY口的配置
Router(config)#linevty04//不同设备或不同IOS可能数量不同
Router(config-line)#password[password]
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#exit
配置以太网口
Router#conft
Router(config)#intE0
Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.1255.255.255.0//配置IP地址
Router(config-if)#noshutdown//激活该接口
配置串行接口(需要配置时钟频率)
Router#conft
Router(config)#intS0
Router(config-if)#clockrate64000//DCE设备配置时钟,DTE设备不用配置
Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.1255.255.255.0//配置IP地址
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