On English Translation of Words and Expressions with Chinese Characteristics中国特色词汇的翻译.docx
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On English Translation of Words and Expressions with Chinese Characteristics中国特色词汇的翻译.docx
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OnEnglishTranslationofWordsandExpressionswithChineseCharacteristics中国特色词汇的翻译
Acknowledgements
Firstofall,specialthanksforgivingmethischancetocompletethispaperandtomaketheconclusionformyfouryears’education.Furthermore,throughwritingthispaper,mywritingandotherskillshavealsoimprovedalot.
Itakethisopportunitytoexpressmygreatgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.ZhaoChongjun,whogavemevaluableadviceonmytopicandspentsomuchtimeandenergyrevisingmypaper.Withoutherhelp,Iwouldneverbeabletofinishthepaper.
ThenIwillsaythankyoutomyfriendsandmyparentsfortheirencouragement,withoutwhichIcouldnothaveenoughpatienceandconfidencetocontinueandfinallyaccomplishmythesiswritingbecauseIwassoworriedaboutmyfuturejob.
Here,IalsowanttogivemythankstothosewhohadofferedmeprecioussuggestionsandwhosupportedmewhenIencountereddifficulties.Thankyouverymuch.
Abstract
WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,anindispensiblecomponentofChinese,serveasspecialrolesofmutualcommunicationsonvariousoccasions.However,alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofChineseeconomy,moreandmorenewwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsarebecomingbarriersininternationalcommunications.ThispaperfirstlysystematicallyanalyzeslanguagefeaturesofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,thendiscussesprinciplesandmethodsusedintheirtranslationwithexamples,andfinallypresentsprospectabouttheEnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsforthepursuitofmakingthembetterunderstoodandappliedbyEnglishlearnersandforeignreaders.
Keywords:
wordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics;languagefeatures;translationprinciplesandmethods
摘要
中国特色词汇是是汉语中不可或缺的一部分,在各种交流场合中都扮演着重要的角色。
然而,随着中国经济和科技的快速发展,越来越多的新中国特色词汇成为国际交流的障碍。
本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成英语为例,介绍一些中国特色词汇的特点、翻译原则、翻译方法(音译、直译、意译和合译)以及中国特色词汇英译的前景。
通过对中国特色词汇应以的浅析,使得中国特色词汇能够为更多的英语学习者和国外读者理解和应用,进而传播中国文化。
关键词:
中国特色词汇;语言特点;翻译原则与方法
Contents
OnEnglishTranslationofWordsandExpressionswithChineseCharacteristics
1.Introduction
WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,auniquephenomenonoflanguageculturewiththeprocessofdeepeninginternationalexchanges,refertowordsthatdifferfromChinesecommonwordsandforeignwords.WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,whichbelongtoChineselanguage,coverawiderangeincludingpolitical,economicandculturalfields.Theyare,withtheirsocialcommunicativefunctions,widelyusedbythepubliconallkindsofoccasions.However,wordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsandtheirtranslationhaveappealedtopeoplemuchmorethaneverbefore.SincewordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicscovervariousfields,theirtranslationerrorsareverycommonduetotheinadequateknowledgeofthemeaningsandfeaturesofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics.
Withtheimprovementofglobalization,Chinahasmadeagreatachievementonvariousfields,especiallyininternationalcommunicationinpolitical,economic,culturalandotheraspects.Asadominantandbigdevelopingcountryintheworld,Chinahasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleininternationalaffairsandinternationalcommunications.Andmanynewwordsincludingoldwordswithnewmeanings,buzzwords,exoticnewwords,andevensomewordsthathaven’tbeenusedforalongtimeappearinourdailylife.ResearchesonwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicswillbeanimportanttopicintheEnglishteachingandstudy.AsChina'sinternationalexchangesaremoreextensiveandin-depth,muchattentionshouldbepaidonmoreproperandaccuratetranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsforthebetterspreadingofChineseculture.Inrecentyears,manylinguisticsstudiesandtranslationstudiesexpertsmakeadifferenceintherelevantdepartments,increasingpeople’sawarenessofthesignificanceofEnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,whichhasattractedextensiveattentionofEnglishlearnersandworkersintranslationfield.IalsotakethisopportunitytotalksomethingabouttheEnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,withaviewtoremovetheobstacleswithalittlehelptotheEnglishlearnersandforeignreadersandtopromotetheinternationallanguageenvironmentforpropagatingChineseculture.
2.LanguageFeaturesofWordsandExpressionswithChineseCharacteristics
Language,acrucialcarrierofcultureindifferentlanguages,reflectsdifferentculturalcharacteristics.WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,atypicalrepresentativeofChineselanguage,havebeenplayinganincreasinglyindispensableroleinthemutualcommunicationamongpeopleandininternationalaffaires.Theybasicallyhavethefollowingcharacteristics:
concisenessandcomprehensive,strongeffectoftimesandoldwordswithnewmeanings.
2.1ConcisenessandComprehensiveness
WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristic,involvingallaspectsofhuman’slife,areconciseandcomprehensive.Words,likeTombSweepingDay(清明节),yin(阴),yang(阳),gossip(八卦)andetc.,deeplyreflectreligiouscultureofChinesepeoplebutareconciseandcomprehensiveforpeopletounderstandandaccepted.Also,words,likejiaozi(饺子),mooncakes(月饼),tofu(豆腐)andsoon(althoughsomeofthemhavetheirowntranslationsinEnglish,likejiaozi(饺子)asdumpling),showouruniquefoodculture.Andwords,likeyanggo(秧歌),Water-SplashingDay(泼水节),presentspecialandlocalcultureofChinesepeoples.Thesewords,usedinallaspectsamonghumanbeing’sdailylife,arefullofdeepandsplendidcultureandwillbeaspecialwealthofChineseculture.
2.2StrongEffectofTimes
Words,producedindifferenttimes,havedistinctcharacteristicsofthatcertaintime.Alongwiththechangesoftimes,everyaspectinthecertaintimehasbeenchangingovertime,whichhasastrongimpactonlanguagefeaturesofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics.Thus,wordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicscomeintobeingwithstrongeffectoftimes.Words,likeGreatLeapForward(大跃进),CulturalRevolution(文化大革命),reformandopeningup(改革开放),onecountry,twosystems(一个国家,两种制度),harmonioussociety(和谐社会),Socialistconceptofhonor(社会主义荣辱观),EightHonorsandEightDisagrees(八荣八耻)andScientificOutlookontheDevelopment(科学发展观),whichareproducedindifferenttimeswiththedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomyinChina,clearlyshowthelivingsituationandpursuitsofpeopleduringthatcertaintime.
2.3OldWordswithNewMeanings
SomewordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,whichcomefromthosevocabulariesusedinpast,arethesameastheoriginsinformsandstyles.However,theiroriginalmeaningshavedisappearedasthetimegoesby.Whenpeopleusethemtoday,theyalwayscreatenewmeaningsonthembyusingtheirextendedmeanings,figurativemeaningsorotherways.Comparedwiththeoriginalones,thesewordshavechangedcompletelyinmeaningsbutworkeffectivelyinpresentsituations.Takefollowingwordsforexample,“athorough-bredhorse(千里马)”,whichoriginallyreferredtoafinehorsethatisgoodatrunning,nowisusedtomeanatalentperson;“BoLe(伯乐)”,whichisthenameofSunYang,apersonintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,whoisgoodatdiscoveringthorough-bredhorses(千里马),nowmeansapersonwhoisgoodatdiscoveringandselectingemployeefiguratively;“agoosefeather(鸿毛)”iscomparedtosomethingthatisverylightorinsignificant.Thesewordsallhavetheirownallusion,representingakindofChineseculture.Theyareeasilyreadandfavoredwidelyamongthepublic.And,thesewordscandescribethingsorpersonsinaspecificwaytoachievetheperfecteffectandtomakeadeepimpressiononpeople.Whenweusethesewordsinourwritings,conversations,speeches,theycanhelptomakeourwritings,conversationsandspeechesbecomemoremeaningful,interestingandbefilledwithattraction.
3.PrinciplesofEnglishTranslationofWordsandExpressionswithChineseCharacteristics
WordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,tosomedegree,arethereflectionofChina’sexistingsituationsandpeople’swayofthinking.EnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsisacriticalpointforEnglishlearnersandforeignreaders.Therefore,translators,forthepursuitofaccuracyasmuchaspossible,shouldfollowthreebasicprinciples:
(1)ClosetoChineserealconditionofdevelopment;
(2)Closetoforeignreaders’needsofinformationaboutourcountry;
(3)Closetoforeignreaders’habitsofthinking;
ThesearethebasicprinciplesofEnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics.Weallknow,accordingtolanguagefeaturesofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,thatEnglishtranslationofwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsisverydifficult.So,translatorsnotonlyneedtooccupythesethreebasicprinciplesflexibly,buttotakethefollowingprinciplesintoconsiderationtoachievemorethanexpectations.
3.1Accuracy
Thefirstoneisaccuracy.Accuracy,whichisanimportantmarkofgoodtranslations,hastwoaspects.Foronething,itisthehighachievementofunderstandingofthesourcewordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics.Foranother,itisthehighachievementofknowingboththesourceandtargetculturesandtherelevantinfluentialfactorsasmuchaspossible.Thetranslationsmustbeloyaltothesourcelanguage.Itmeansthatthemeaningsoftranslationsmustreflectt
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