词汇学.docx
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词汇学.docx
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词汇学
1:
[论述题]
《英语词汇学》第一次作业
Definitions
Definethefollowingtermswithillustrativeexamples.
1.aliens
2.denizens
3.homophone
4.metonymy
5.acronym
6.semanticloan
7.slang
8.back-formation
9.conversion
10.polysemy
参考答案:
《英语词汇学》第一次作业参考答案
1.aliens:
Aliensarewordsborrowedfromaforeignlanguagewithoutanychangeoftheforeignsoundandspelling.Thesewordsareimmediatelyrecognizableasforeigninorigin.Forexamples,"coupd'état”,"résumé”,"régime”,etc.areallAliensofFrenchborrowings.
2.denizens:
Denizensareeasilyassociatedwithalreadyexistingnativewords.Theyaresuccessfullyassimilated.TheyareforeignwordswhichhavebeenconformedtonativeEnglishinaccent,form(spelling)andeveninadoptionofanEnglishaffix.E.G.uncertain(theEnglishprefixun-+certain,Frenchbyorigin).
3.homophone:
Homophonesarewordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning,e.g.sun,son;pieceandpeace;etc.
4.metonymy:
Metonymyisonewayofmeaningtransferencewherebythenameofonethingischangedforthatofanother,towhichitisrelatedbyassociationofideas.Forexample,whenIsay"IamreadingShakespeare(meaningShakespeare'sworks),Iamusingmetonymy.”
5.acronym:
Acronymsareformedfromtheinitiallettersofwords,butarepronouncedasaword.,e.g.radar:
radiodetectingandranging”.
6.semanticloan:
SemanticloandenotesthedevelopmentinanEnglishwordofanewmeaningduetotheinfluenceofarelatedwordinanotherlanguage.Forexample,theEnglishword"dream”,forinstance,whichoriginallymeantjoy,music,hastakenitsmodernmeaningfromtheNorse.
7.slang:
Slangisthelanguageofahighlycolloquialtype,consideredasthelevelofstandardeducatedspeech,andconsistingeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentwordsusedinstandardsocialsense.Forexample,"hatpet”,"nut”,"upperstorey”,etc.aretheslangwordsfor"head”inAmericanEnglish.
8.back-formation:
Back-formationistheword-formingprocesswherebyanewwordisformedbyaddingratherthansubtractingelements.ForExample,"beg”isformedbysubtracting"-ar”from"beggar”.
9.conversion:
Conversionisthewordformingprocesswherebyawordischangedfromonepartofspeechintoanotherwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Forexample,theverb"release”correspondstoanoun"release”.
10.polysemy:
Polysemyisalinguisticphenomenonwhereawordhasmorethanonemeanings.Forexample,"show”means"exhibition,orspectacle,orentertainment”whenusedasanounanditmeansquitedifferentlywhenitisusedasaverb.
1:
[单选题]
Exercise3MultipleChoice
Beneatheachsentencethereare4wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcorrectlycompletesthesentence.
1.Thescientistsrealizeditwouldbetootoshipallpeopleinoneboatbecauseitwasfragile.
A:
bold
B:
daring
C:
risky
D:
dangerous
参考答案:
C
2:
[单选题]
2.Thefootballplayerhadstudiedeconomicsintheuniversityforofroughlysixyears.
A:
adecade
B:
atime
C:
anage
D:
aperiod
参考答案:
D
3:
[单选题]
3.Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionsto__________inhisbody.
A:
precede
B:
proceed
C:
progress
D:
practise
参考答案:
B
4:
[单选题]
4.WhenPilotOfficerPeterThwaiteswasawayonbusiness,hisneighborgavehiswife_________withthehousework.
A:
anaid
B:
ahelp
C:
ahand
D:
alift
参考答案:
C
5:
[单选题]
5.Thereisa__________ofvegetablesinShanghaiatthemomentbecauseofthecoldweather.
A:
shortage
B:
want
C:
need
D:
desire
参考答案:
A
6:
[单选题]
6.Onlytheheadwaiterhassomeprofessionalhotelsotheserviceisratherslowandinefficient.
A:
learning
B:
instructing
C:
teaching
D:
training
参考答案:
D
7:
[单选题]
7.WhentheVictorianshadfamilyreunions,thehostswenttheirwaytoentertaintheguests.
A:
infor
B:
over
C:
outof
D:
backon
参考答案:
C
8:
[单选题]
8.Whenthereisconflictterritory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce.
A:
for
B:
over
C:
with
D:
by
参考答案:
B
9:
[单选题]
9.Havingpushedherson,Evegavehimadismissivetowardsthecar.
A:
push
B:
pull
C:
draw
D:
drag
参考答案:
A
10:
[单选题]
10.Mr.HarringtonaskedhissonClivetobuyaofbreadforhisbreakfastatthebaker'snearhisschool.
A:
pound
B:
loaf
C:
packet
D:
bag
参考答案:
B
11:
[单选题]
11.Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?
A:
horse
B:
steed
C:
gee-gee
D:
nag
参考答案:
B
12:
[单选题]
12.WhichofthefollowingwordsisofLatinorigin?
A:
fast
B:
firm
C:
secure
D:
bathAandB
参考答案:
B
13:
[单选题]
13.WhichofthefollowingwordsisINCORROCTinwordformation?
A:
unhorse
B:
unmanned
C:
unfrost
D:
unhappy
参考答案:
C
14:
[单选题]
14.WhichofthefollowingwordisNOTacompound?
A:
smalltalk
B:
wetday
C:
darkroom
D:
hotdog
参考答案:
B
15:
[单选题]
15.Whichofthefollowingisformedbyblending?
A:
pop
B:
sightsee
C:
copter
D:
boatel
参考答案:
D
16:
[单选题]
16.Whatisthemeaningof"nice”in"Heistooniceabouthisfood”?
A:
foolish
B:
excellent
C:
very
D:
particularaboutsmallthings
参考答案:
D
17:
[单选题]
17.Theantonymof"fresh”in"freshbread”is________.
A:
stale
B:
stuffy
C:
faded
D:
tired
参考答案:
A
18:
[单选题]
18.Wesawa________ofhowtoreviveapersonwhohasbeenalmostdrowned.
A:
exhibition
B:
demonstration
C:
spectacle
D:
show
参考答案:
B
19:
[单选题]
19.Iwilltakeyoutoamostinteresting________ofnineteenthcentury.
A:
wonder
B:
exhibition
C:
exposition
D:
display
参考答案:
B
20:
[单选题]
20.Nonewideas_______fromthemeeting.
A:
emerged
B:
submerged
C:
merged
D:
immerged
参考答案:
A
21:
[单选题]
21.Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,he________hisformerposition.
A:
assumed
B:
presumed
C:
consumed
D:
resumed
参考答案:
D
22:
[单选题]
22.Allourattemptsto________thechildfromdrowningwereinvain.
A:
regain
B:
recover
C:
reserve
D:
rescue
参考答案:
D
23:
[单选题]
23.Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment's________policies.
A:
economical
B:
economy
C:
economic
D:
economics
参考答案:
B
24:
[单选题]
24.Themaincharactersinthenovelseemsotruetolife,butactually,theyareentirely________.
A:
imaginary
B:
imaginative
C:
imagined
D:
imaginable
参考答案:
A
25:
[单选题]
25.Americanwomenwere________therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.
A:
ignored
B:
neglected
C:
denied
D:
refused
参考答案:
C
26:
[单选题]
26.Anagreementwas________lastFridaybythetwoparties.
A:
arrivedat
B:
arrivedin
C:
occurred
D:
realized
参考答案:
A
27:
[单选题]
27.As________announcedintoday'spapers,theShanghaiExportcommoditiesFairisalsoopenonSundays.
A:
being
B:
is
C:
tobe
D:
been
参考答案:
B
28:
[单选题]
28.Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean________ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.
A:
assessment
B:
estimate
C:
announcement
D:
evaluation
参考答案:
B
29:
[单选题]
29.Communicationistheprocessof________amessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.
A:
transmitting
B:
submitting
C:
transforming
D:
switching
参考答案:
A
30:
[单选题]
30.Contrary________publicopinion,thisareahaslongbeenaheavenforallformsofinsectlife.
A:
with
B:
to
C:
at
D:
for
参考答案:
B
1:
[判断题]
《英语词汇学》第二次作业
TrueorFalseDecision
1.Weshouldputourhandsonthedeck,whenwehear"Allhandsondeck”onaboat.
参考答案:
错误
2:
[判断题]
2.Comparedwith"calculate”,"workout”ismoreformalinmeaning.
参考答案:
错误
3:
[判断题]
3.Intheword"modify”,therootis"mod”,thestemis"modi”andthesuffixis"-fy”.
参考答案:
正确
4:
[判断题]
4."cuckoo”isaphoneticallymotivatedword.
参考答案:
正确
5:
[判断题]
5.MostoftheaffixesarederivedfromOldEnglish,orfromLatinandGreek.
参考答案:
正确
6:
[判断题]
6."wetday”isacompound.
参考答案:
错误
7:
[判断题]
7.Inthecompoundword"bloodtest”,thesecondpart,i.e."test”,indicatestheactionuponthefirstpart.
参考答案:
正确
8:
[判断题]
8."biz”isashortenedwordformedbybackclipping.
参考答案:
正确
9:
[判断题]
9.Absolutesynonymscanbefoundinordinarylife,e.g.begin―commence.
参考答案:
错误
10:
[判断题]
10.Ifpolysemyisviewedsynchronically,itisunderstoodasthegrowthanddevelopment.
参考答案:
错误
11:
[判断题]
11.Simile,metaphorandpersonificationarefiguresofspeechbasedonresemblances.
参考答案:
正确
12:
[判断题]
12.Thepersonsaying"Weareshortofhandsatharvest”,heisusingmetonymy.
参考答案:
错误
13:
[判断题]
13.Phonologically,compoundscanoftenbeidentifiedashavingamainstressonthefirstelementandsecondarystressonthesecondelement.
参考答案:
正确
14:
[判断题]
14.UNESCOisaninitialismreferringtoUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.
参考答案:
错误
15:
[判断题]
15.Actualmeaningreferstothemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.
参考答案:
错误
16:
[判断题]
16.Lexicalmeaningreferstothemeaningofwordusedinacertaincontext.
参考答案:
错误
17:
[判断题]
17.MostoftheEnglishwordsarepolysemic.
参考答案:
正确
18:
[判断题]
18.Thecommonerawordis,themoremeaningithas.
参考答案:
正确
19:
[判断题]
19.AmericanEnglishischaracterizedbycreativenessbutnotconservativenessinusage.
参考答案:
错误
20:
[判断题]
20.Bothword-stressandsentence-stressareweakerinAmericanthaninBritishEnglish,andintonationismorelevel.
参考答案:
正确
21:
[判断题]
21.ThenativeelementinModernEnglishismostlymonosyllabic.
参考答案:
正确
22:
[判断题]
22.Technically,AmericanEnglishisadialectinsoasitisaregionalvarietyofthelanguage.
参考答案:
正确
23:
[判断题]
23.Oneparticularregionalvarietyisequaltotheothersineveryres
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