翻译教案.docx
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翻译教案.docx
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翻译教案
2005年度“陕西省精品课程”申报材料
附件四
翻译课教案
李本现编写
西安外国语学院英文学院
2005年7月
句子翻译
(SentenceTranslation)
语序调整
I.BilingualReading
TheTowerofLondon
TheWhiteTowerwasstartedin1076andcompletedin1097.Itistheoldestofthetwentytowerswhichusedtostandhere,ofwhichmanycanstillbeseentoday.TheTowerofLondonwasfirstbuiltbyWilliamtheConqueror(whoreignedfrom1066to1087)forthepurposeofprotectingandcontrollingthecity.Today,itisoneofthemostpopulartouristsightsandattractsoverthreemillionvisitorsayear.
ItwasoccasionallyusedasaRoyalPalacefortheKingsandQueensofEnglanduntilthetimeofJamesI(whoreignedfrom1603to1625)butisthebestknownasaprisonandexecutionplace.WithinthewallsoftheTower,princeshavebeenmurdered,traitorstortured,spiesshot,andQueensofEnglandbeheaded.OneofthemostfamousexecutionswasthatofAnneBoleynin1536.ShewasthesecondwifeofHenryVIII.Hewantedtogetridofherbecauseshecouldnotgivehimason,soheaccusedherofadultery.Shewastriedandfoundguilty.Sheaskedtobebeheadedwithasword,ratherthantheusualaxe,whichcanstillbeseeninthetower.TheswordandexecutionerwerebroughtoverspeciallyfromFranceandwithonestroketheexecutionercutoffherhead.
TheTowerwasalsothesceneofoneofLondon'smostfamousmysteries,knownasthemysteryofthePrincesintheTower.KingEdwardIVdiedin1483.Hehadtwosons,EdwardandRichard,andtheelderofthese,Edward,becamekingonhisfather'sdeath.Ashewasonlytwelveyearsold,hisuncle(Richard,DukeofGloucester)becamehisProtectoruntilthetimeofhiscoronation.YoungEdwardlivedintheTower,andtheDukepersuadedEdward'sbrothertocomeandlivethereaswellsothattheycouldplaytogether.ButthentheDukeannouncedthathewasthenewking,andhe,notEdward,wascrowned,callinghimselfRichardIII.
Afterthat,theboyswereseenlessandlessandeventuallydisappeared.Itissaidthattheyweresuffocatedinbedbypillowsbeingpressedovertheirmouths.ItisbelievedthatRichardorderedtheirdeaths,althoughithasneverbeenproved.In1674,workmenattheTowerdiscoveredtwoskeletonswhichweretakenawayandburiedinWestminsterAbbeyin1678.Theboneswereexaminedin1933andweredeclaredtobethoseoftwochildren,roughlytheageofthePrinces.However,thetruefactshaveneverbeendiscovered.Today,thetowerwheretheboyswereimprisonedisknownastheBloodyTower.
(fromLet'sseeLondon)
伦敦塔
白塔于1076年建造,完成于1097年。
该塔是过去矗立在这里的20座塔中最古老的一座,其中许多座至今仍可看到。
伦敦塔由征服者威廉第一(他从1066年至1087年统制英国)兴建,用以保卫和控制这座城市。
今天它是伦敦最受欢迎的旅游景观之一,每年吸引着300万以上的旅游者。
伦敦塔在詹姆斯一世时代(他于1603至1625年统治英国)以前,曾偶尔用作英国国王和王后的王宫,但如今它却以一所监狱和刑场而最为著称。
在塔的围墙内,曾有一些王子被谋杀,叛徒受酷刑,间谍被枪决,英国王后被斩首。
其中最著名的一次处决是1536年对安妮·博林的斩首。
她是亨利八世的第二位妻子。
亨利八世因为她不能为他生出一个儿子而想遗弃她,于是就控告她与人私通。
她在法庭受审结果被判有罪。
她请求用一把利剑将她斩首,而不要用行刑时通常用的那把斧头(这把斧头一直保存在塔内,人们至今仍能看到)。
于是特别从法国带来了剑并请了刽子手,刽子手利剑一挥,她的头便被斩下。
(1)
伦敦塔也是伦敦最著名的一起神秘事件的出事地点,那起事件称为塔内王子的疑案。
1483年英王爱德华四世亡故,身后留下两个儿子,爱德华和里查德,长子爱德华在父亲死后成为国王。
(2)由于他仅仅12岁,他的叔叔格洛斯特公爵理查就成为他的摄政王,直到他加冕时为止。
年轻的爱德华住在塔内,公爵又劝说爱德华的弟弟也住到那里去,这样他们就可以在一起玩乐。
但以后公爵宣布自己是新国王,是他而不是爱德华接受了加冕礼,并宣布自己为里查三世。
从此以后,两个男孩出现在人们面前的场合愈来愈少,最后终于消失不见了。
据说他们是在床上被人用枕头捂住嘴巴窒息致死的。
人们认为这是里查德下令谋杀的,尽管这种说法一直没有得到证实。
1674年,在伦敦塔里干活的工人发现了两具骷髅,这两具骷髅于1678年被带出伦敦塔并葬于威斯敏斯特大教堂。
1933年经过对骨头检验后宣布,那是两个孩子的骨头,其年龄大致与两位王子的岁数吻合。
(3)然而,人们至今未发现事实的真相。
今天,囚禁那两个孩子的塔被称为“血腥塔”。
应可之译自《伦敦观光》
II.Questionsfordiscussion:
1.Whichtechniquewasemployedbythetranslatortotreatthethefirstunderlinedsentence?
2.DoyouthinkyouwillcombinethethreeSLsentencesintooneTLsentencewhendoingthesecondunderlinedsentence?
3.Doesthissentencesoundcorrect?
Ifnot,canyouimproveonit?
翻译知识:
语序:
语序,实际指的就是词序。
即词在词组或句子里的先后顺序。
词序的变动能够使词组和句子具有不同的意义。
英语句子比较注重突出重点,一般情况下总是把重要的话放在突出位置。
形态变化、词序和虚词并称表达语法意义的三大手段。
汉语没有英语丰富的时态和主从句变换手段,经常依靠各成分间的顺序(如时间顺序和逻辑顺序)完成叙事。
因此,在进行英汉翻译时,就要格外注意语序的变化。
例如:
1.Theisolationoftheruralworld,becauseofdistanceandlackoftransportfacilities,iscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.
由于距离远,又缺乏交通工具,使农村社会与外界隔绝,而这种隔绝,又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
2.Hischiefcontributionwasmakingmerealizehowmuchmorethanknowledgewetraineeshadbeengettingfromhim.
他使我认识到,我们学员从他那里学到的,远远不只是知识,这是他最大的贡献。
3.Thepeopleofasmallcountrycancertainlydefeataggressionbyabigcountry,ifonlytheydaretoriseinstruggle,daretotakeuparmsandgraspintheirownhandsthedestinyoftheirowncountry.
小国人民只要敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器并掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能打败大国的侵略。
在本句中,状语从句虽长,却不是主要的,所以置于主句之后。
而汉译时,强调逻辑顺序标---先因后果,自然应当把主句放在句末。
III.语序练习:
Trans1atethefollowingthreesentences:
1.Iwarmlywelcomethosereformsandthatsuccess.
2.Hewasgivenachairandaskedtowaitalittlewhileasdarknesscameon,thensuddenlythewholebridgewasoutlinedinlights.
3.IfeelitagreathonortobeaskedtospeakasakeynoterattheInternationalConferenceonEasternCivilization.
IV.TranslatetheshortpassageintoEnglish:
TheEmpireStateBuilding
LonardCottrell
NewYorkisacityofskyscrapers.Howisitpossibletobuildoneofthesegiantbuildingsintheheartofthelarge,busycity?
Thisselectiondescribestheconstructionofonesuchbuilding-----theEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity.
Itwastheachievementofanewsociety,nowequippedwithmaterialsandtechnologyneverbeforeknowntoman.Wehaveprogressedsofarthatitisdifficulttorealizethat,untilthedevelopmentofsteelandconcrete,lessthanacenturyago,thearchitect'sbasicmaterialsandtechniqueswerehardlydifferentfromthoseoftheRomans.Then,withintwentyyears,allthiswaschanged.Thewidthofaroomandtheheightofabuildingcouldbealmostwhatonepleased.
In1885,inChicago,thefirstskyscraperwasconstructed,thefirstbuildingintheworldtouseametalframeworkofBessemersteel.TheChicagobuildingwasdifferentinthateachofitsstorieswascompleteinitself:
thesteelframeworkprovidedthenecessarystrengthfortheinteriorwalls.Thismeantthatthebuildingcould,ifnecessary,beeasilyremodeledoutsideandinside.
ThebestexampleofthistechnicalachievementislocatednotinChicago,butinNewYork---theEmpireStateBuilding.Itisoneofthetallestbuildingsintheworld----1,472feet,includingthetelevisiontower.Its102floorsofofficeshold16,000people,thepopulationofafair-sizedAmericantown.Sixty-sevenelevatorscarryitsoccupantsfromfloortofloorataspeedof1,200feetperminute.Itwascompletedin19monthsatacostof$25000,000.
Anextraordinaryorganizationwasinvolvedinitsconstruction.Foryearsbeforetheoperation,everydetailhadbeenworkedouttoavoidwasteoftime,money,andenergy.Materialswereorderedanddeliverydatescarefullytimed.Sincepartofthesteelframework,plumbing,aircoolingandheatingsystemsweremadereadyawayfromthesite,thecontractorhadtocommunicatewithmanymillsandfactoriesalloverthecountry.Meanwhile,inNewYork,thefoundationforthebuildingwasbeingprepared.
Thenconstructionbegan.Exactlytotheminutethematerialneeded-----steel,concrete,bricks,etc.----begantomoveintotheconstructionsite.ThefirstpieceofsteelwasputintoplaceonApril7,1930.Onlyninemonthslaterthesteelframeworkhadbeencompleted,1,250feetabovestreetlevel.Attheendof1930,constructionhadbeencarriedtothefullheightof102floors.
Atthesametime,plumberswereinstallingplumbingandheatingsystems;theelectricianswerelayinghundredsofmilesofcable;carpenters,stoneworkers,bricklayerswereclothingtheframeworkwithstone,concrete,brick,andtimber.Fourandahalfstoreswerecompletedeveryweek.
Andallthiswasdoneintheheartofacrowdedcity,withverylittlestoragespace,sothatthearrivalofeachparthadtobescheduledtominute,andtheconstructionworksoorganizedthattherewasnodelay,andnoonegotinanother'sway.
Suchanaccomplishmentcalledfornotonlythemostskillfulplanning,butalsoforthecompletecooperationofthelaborerswhoactuallybuilttheskyscraper.Theworkhadtobecontinuedunderallweatherconditionsandwasoftenhighlydangerous.OnApril15,1931,about19monthsafterpreparationofthefoundation,theEmpireStateBuildingstood,gloriousandcomplete----thewholetwelvehundredandfiftyfeetofit(Sincethen,atelevisiontowerhasadded222feet).
(fromScenesofAmerica)
第十三章正反译法
I.BilingualReading
WhatIHaveLivedFor
BertrandRussell
Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:
thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.
Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy-----ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness-----thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtit,finally,becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat---atleastIhavefound.
WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIhavetriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.
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