中考英语专题复习 名词冠词代词 人教新目标版.docx
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中考英语专题复习 名词冠词代词 人教新目标版.docx
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中考英语专题复习名词冠词代词人教新目标版
中考英语专题复习名词、冠词、代词人教新目标版
专题一名词
1.名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
人,地方,机构或团体名
Kate,Beijing
普通
名词
可数
个体名词
个体的人或物
apple,desk
集体名词
一群人或一些物
family,group
不可数
抽象名词
行为,品质,感情或状态
happiness,knowledge
物质名词
构成各种物体的物质或材料
water,milk
2.可数名词与不可数名词
(1)可数名词有单复两种形式,不可数名词只有单数。
pen----pens;bread
(2)可数名词用不定冠词或基数词修饰;不可数名词则用“不定冠词/数词+单位词+of”修饰。
anapple;twopictures;apieceofbread;fourglassesofwater
(3)可数名词复数前用many,few,afew,several修饰;不可数名词前用much;little,alittle修饰.some和any既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。
manyideas;muchbread;somebooks;somejuice
即景活用
YoucangetmuchabouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.
AmapBpictureCticketDinformation
Thedoctortoldmetoeatmorebecauseit'sgoodformyhealth.
AorangeBvegetablesCicecreamDfish
3.名词变复数
(1)规则变化:
一般情况词尾加s:
map--maps;boy--boys
以s,x,ch,sh结尾加es:
box--boxes;watch--watches
以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v,再加es:
leaf--leaves;knife--knives
直接加s:
chief--chiefs;gulf--gulfs
以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加es:
story--stories;
以辅音字母加o结尾有生命的加es:
potato--potatoes;
无生命的加s:
photo--photos
巧记:
黑人(negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato),有意思(es)
(2)不规则变化
变内部元音字母:
man--men;foot--feet;tooth--teeth
完全不规则:
child--children;mouse--mice
单复同形:
fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese
●注意:
合成名词的复数形式
一般情况只变主体词
girlstudent--girlstudents;new-comer--new-comers
由man/woman构成的合成名词
amandriver--mendrivers;awomanteacher--womenteachers
4.名词所有格
(1)'s所有格
单词形式
构成方法
举例
普通单数n.
在词尾直接加's
myfather'sfriend
词尾已有s的复数n.
在词尾只加'
students'sroom
词尾不带s的复数n.
在词尾加's
Children'sDay
表示几个词共有
在最后一个词的词尾加's
JaneandMary'sroom
表示几个词各自所有
在每个词的词尾加's
Jane'sandMary'sroom
表示某人的家,店铺
在词尾加's,省略n.
atmyuncle's;atthebutcher's
(2)of所有格
amapofChina;thegateoftheschool
(3)双重所有格:
of+名词's或of+名词性物主代词
Afriendofmyfather's;aphotoofmine
●(4)特殊所有格
thewaytotheschool;thekeytotheschool
theanswertothequestion
即景活用
September10thisDayinChina,isn'tit?
AAteacherBTeachers'CTeacherDTeachers
roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.
ATomandSamBTom'sandSam
CTomandSam'sDTom'sandSam's
Idon'tthinklookingafterchildrenisjustwork.
AwomanBwoman'sCwomenDwomen's
5.名词的用法
(1)作主语
Herfatherhasbeeninthearmyfor30years.
(2)作动词或介词宾语
I'mdrawingapicture.
●(3)作宾补
Weconsiderhimacleverboy.
Wemaketheboyourmonitor.
(4)作表语
Thecomputerisawonderfulmachine.
(5)作同位语
Mr.Wang,ourEnglishteacher,isveryknowledgeable.
(6)作状语
Thetelephonerangasecondtime.
●(7)作定语
Thereisastonebridgeoverthere.
Therearetenmenteachersintheirschool.
三年中考对应训练
1.根据句意及首字母或汉语意思提示完成单词。
(1)Hetoldmetogoouttofindsomesforafire.(2011安徽)
(2)Mymotherisanurse.Sheworksinah.(2011成都)
(3)Myhiscollectingstamps.Ihavecollectedthousandsofstamps.
(4)KanasLakeisaverybeautifulplace.Alargenumberof(旅游者)comeheretoenjoythemselveseveryyear.(2011乌鲁木齐)
(5)Look,Mum!
Alltheboxesarefilledwith(蔬菜).(2011兰州)
(6)Ifthere'ssomethingwrongwithyourteeth,you'dbettergotoseead.
(7)Noweverydayalotofp(乘客)arecarriedtotheWorldExpo.
(8)Childrenlearn(礼貌)bywatchingtheirparents.
2.单项选择
(1)--I'mthirsty.MayIhavesomethingtodrink?
(2011福州)
--OK.Here'ssome.
AriceBbreadCwater
(2)--YamMingisverypopularamongteenagers.(2011山东)
--Yes.Manymiddleschoolstudentsarehis.
AheroesBstarsCfansDbrother
(3)Readthecarefully.Theywillhelpyouknowhowtousethepopper.
AinstructionsBdecisionsDresults
(4)Lucyenjoysdancing.It'soneofher.(2011河北)
AprizeBprizesChobbyDhobbies
(5)--Jack,willyoufamilymovetoShanghai?
(2011湖南衡阳)
--Yes.That'saverybigmyparentsmade.
AdecideBdecisionCeducation
(6)Therearemanyatthefootofthehill.(2011湖南永州)
AcowBhorseCsheep
(7)FormyhomeworkIhavetowritea(n)aboutthewondersoftheworld.(2011天津)
AmusicBpictureCcompositionDexam
(8)Boysandgirls,feelingpeacefulisthefirststeptobecomeintheexam.Sopleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.(2011哈尔滨)
ArunnersBwinnersCplayers
(9)Idon'tknowhowtokeephealthy.Canyougiveme?
(2011新疆)
AanadviceBlotsofadvicesCafewadvicesDsomeadvice
(10)Ilikealot,andmymotherusuallycooksinitindifferentways.
AfishBpotatoesCnoodles
(11)--WhatdoyouhaveforPaul?
(2010江西)
--Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.
AnewsBadviceChelpDinformation
(12)--Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?
--Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare.(2010安徽)
AfriendsBneighborsCclassmatesDstrangers
(13)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillgetgood.(2010天津)
AgradesBnotesClessonsDanswers
(14)---Takingawalkintheeveningisagood.(2009山东泰安)
---Soitis;itkeepsushealthy.
AhabitBhobbyCruleDfavor
3.用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)Theyhaveinviteda(science)togivethemaspeechonspace.
(2)Wedolotsofoutdoor(active)whenspringcomes.
(3)Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecauseoftheserious(pollute).
(4)Itisagoodhabittobrushyour(tooth)aftereachmeal.
(5)Thanksfouyour(invite).I'llbethereontime.
(6)Weneedeleven(play)foroursoccerteam.
(7)Pleasee-mailmethose(professor)weeklyreportsassoonaspossible.
(8)Chocolateisusuallythe(child)favoritefood.
4.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)每年都有数以百万计的人观看莎士比亚的戏剧。
Shakespeare'splaysareseenbypeopleeveryyear.
(2)你要哪种面条,羊肉的还是牛肉的?
,muttonofbeef?
(3)无论你遇到什么困难都要充满自信。
Youshouldbefullofwhateverdifficultiesyoumeet.
(4)他这次课堂作业写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
Hedidwellintheclassreport,exceptfor.
(5)我们应当勤洗手,多锻炼,以预防甲型H1N1流感。
WeshouldoftenouranddomoreexercisestopreventtheA/H1N1flu.
专题二冠词
1.不定冠词a/an的用法
●a用于辅音发音的单词前,an用于元音发音的单词前
ausefulbookauniversityaEuropeancountry
anhouran"s"an80-meter-longbridge
2.定冠词the的用法
(1)特指某些人或物,用在有定语的名词前。
Thestudentsinthisroomareveryclever.
(2)用于谈话双方都知道的人或物前
Openthewindow,please.
(3)指上文提到过的人或物
Thereisapenonthedeskandthepenisred.
(4)用于世上独一无二的事物或方位前
thesuntheearththemoon
intheeastinthewest
(5)用在序数词、adj.最高级前
Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
(6)用于乐器名词前
playthepianoplaytheviolin
(7)用于某些adj.前,表示一类人
Thepoorareagainsttheplan,buttherichareforit.
(8)用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇二人
TheSmithshavemoved.
(9)固定词组
intheendinthemorningbythewayallthetime
atthesametimealltheyearroundinthefuture
inthemiddleofatthefootofattheageof
lookthesamegotothecinematellthetruth
●注意:
有的n.有无the意义区别很大
1.attale:
吃饭,就餐
atthetable:
在桌旁
2.inbed:
人躺在床上
onthebed:
外来物品放在床上
3.inhospital:
住院
inthehospital:
在医院里
4.gotoschool:
去上学
gototheschool:
到学校去
5.infrontof:
范围之外的前部
Inthefrontof:
范围之内的前部
3.不用冠词的情况
(1)球类,棋类,一日三餐前
playvolleyballplaychesshavebreakfast
若三餐前有形容词,则需要冠词
anicedinneraquickbreakfast
(2)人名,地名前不要冠词
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
(3)复数名词表示一类人或事,前面不要冠词
Computersarebeingusedinmanyways.
(4)物质名词或抽象名词前不用冠词
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
(5)与by连用的交通工具前不用冠词
bybus/plane/bike/ship
(6)星期,月份,季节,节日前不用冠词
TodayisSunday.
Itiscoldinwinter.
September10thisTeachers'Day.
若季节,星期,月份前有修饰语,则其前面要加定冠词
Thestorytookplaceinthesummerof1965.
TherailwayisbuiltintheJuneof1975.
MydaughterwasbornontheWednesdaywhenIwasleavingforBeijing.
即景活用
Shelearnedtoplaypianoallbyherself.
AaBanCtheD/
--ShallwepayvisittoShanghai?
--No,I'dratherstayathomeandplayfootball.
Aa;theBthe;aC/;theDa;/
三年中考对应训练
1.Iusuallygotoschoolonfoot.(2011长沙)
AaBtheC/
2.Weshouldoftenhelppoor.(2011湖南永州)
AaB/Cthe
3.Weusuallygotoschoolonweekdays,andsometimesgotocinemaatweekends.(2011天津)
A/;theBthe;theCthe;/D/;/
4.Thereis"u"and"h"inthewordhour.(2011新疆)
Aan;anBa;aCan;aDa;an
5.areplanningtogoonvacation.(2011乌鲁木齐)
ABlack'sBABlack'sCTheBlack'sDTheBlacks
6.--Doyouknowmaninblue?
(2011山东烟台)
--Yes,he'saprofessorofuniversity.
Athe;aBa;anCthe;anD/;the
7.--AreyouAmericanorEnglish?
(2010安徽芜湖)
--English.WeareworkinginWuhu.
AaB/CtheDan
8.Wecanhavebluerskyifwecreatelesspollutedworld.
Aa;aBa;theCthe;aDthe;the
9.Alow-carbon(低碳)lifestylehaseffectonourdailylife.Peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontosavingthesedays.
Athe;energiesBa;energyCan;energy
10.Thereislocalshopforpeopletobuydailythingsinthesmallvillage.
AaBanCtheD/
11.--Doyouplaypianoinyourfreetime?
(2009福州)
--No,Ilikesports.Ioftenplaysoccerwithmyfriends.
A/;theBthe;/Cthe;theDa;a
12.--Howaboutcharityshow?
(2009苏州)
--Ishouldsayitwassuccess.
Athe;aBthe;/Ca;aDa;/
13.Onsunnyafternoon,myparentsandIhadagoodtimeonthebeach
AtheBanCaD/
14.Thisnovelcanmakeyoulaughandcryattime.(2011上海)
AaBanCtheD/
15.OnMarch11,2011earthquakehitJapan.(2011山东潍坊)
AanBaC/Dthe
专题三代词
1.人称代词:
主格:
宾格:
●代词it的特殊用法
1)Itis+adj.todosth.
Itiseasytoclimbthehill.
2)Itisnouse/uselessdoingsth.
Itisnousearguingwithhim.
3)findit+adj.todosth.
Ifounditeasytogetonwellwithhim.
4)Itis...that/who
ItisIwhoteachyouEnglish.
ItisEnglishthatIteachyou.
5)Itis...since
Itistwohourssincehelefttheclassroom.
2.物主代词:
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
3.反身代词
1)作及物动词或介词的宾语
DidtheyenjoythemselveslastSunday?
Weshouldtakecareofourselves.
2)作主语或宾语的同位语
Nobodytaughthimdrawing.Helearnedit
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