高考常考词语辨析1.docx
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高考常考词语辨析1.docx
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高考常考词语辨析1
高考常考词语辨析
1. clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,
cloth指布,为不可数名词
clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用
apieceof,anarticleof
2. incident,accident,event
incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故
Hewaskilledintheaccident.event指大的事件
3. amount,number
amount后接不可数名词,
alargeamountof;anamountof
number,agreatdealof后接可数名词
anumberofstudents{复数}
4. family,house,home
home家,包括住处和家人,
house房子,住宅,
family家庭成员.
Myfamilyisahappyone
5. sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音,
voice人的嗓音,noise噪音
Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6. population,people
population人口人数,
people具体的人,民族
Chinahasalargepopulation
7. weather,climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况,不可数名词
climate长期的气候状况
Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
8. road,street,path,way
road具体的公路、马路,street街道,
path小路、小径,way道路,途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,
showmethewaytothemuseum.
9. course,subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),
subject科目(具体的学科)
asummercourse
10. custom,habit
custom传统风俗习俗也可指生活习惯后接todo
habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.
I’vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
11.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate
12. exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),
exercises练习(可数),
practice(反复做的)练习+doing
Practicemakesperfect固定记忆morningexercises
13. class,lesson
作”课”解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class6。
14. officer,official
officer部队的军官,official政府官员
anarmyofficer
15. work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数,job可数agoodjob
16. country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图,疆域,
nation指人民,国民,民族,
state侧重指政府,政体,
land国土,国家
Thewholenationweresadatthenews.
17.cook,cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具
Heisagoodcook.
18.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害,损失;
damages复数形式,赔偿金
$900damages
19.police,policeman
police警察的总称后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察
Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
20.problem,question
problem常和困难联系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise;
question常和疑问连词连用,多和ask,answer连用.
21.man,aman
man人类,aman一个男人
Manwillconquernature.
22.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的,
trip指短期的旅途,
journey指稍长的旅途,
voyage指海上航行
athree-daytrip
23.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目谓语动词单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
24.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面,
inthefrontof范围内的前面
Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy
25.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)
Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
26.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,
onthebus表范围
Theywenttherebybus.
27. foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻,一会儿
forthemoment暂时,一时
Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
28. nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语
thenextyear过去将来时间状语
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
29.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多
morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)
30.takeadvice,takethe(one’s)advice
takeadvice征求意见
taketheadvice接受忠告
Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
31.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏,
taketheair到户外去,散步
Wetaketheaireveryday.
32.inaword,inwords
inaword总之,一句话,
inwords在口头上
Inaword,youareright.
33.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替,
intheplaceof在…地方
Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
34.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,
一般用作状语;
inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,
一般用作表语
Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
35.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,
onegirl一个女孩侧重数字概念
Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
36.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,
takethechair开始开会
37. gotosea,bysea,bythesea
gotosea当海员,出航,
bysea乘船,由海路,
bythesea在海边
gobysea
38. thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,
thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师
Thedoctorandteacheris…
39. inoffice,intheoffice
inoffice在职的,
intheoffice在办公室里
Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.
40. inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上,
onthebed在床上
Thebookisonthebed.
Heisillinbed.
41. inchargeof,inthechargeof看主语决定选什么
inchargeof管理,负责照料,
inthechargeof由……照料
Heisinchargeofthematter.
Thematterisinthechargeofher.
42. inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里
Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
43. onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火上
Putthefoodonthefire.
Thehouseisonfire.
44. outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的,
outofthequestion不可能=impossible
45. asecond,thesecond
asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……
Hewonthesecondprize.
46. byday,bytheday
byday白天,bytheday按天计算
Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
47.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指人,apeople指民族
TheChineseareapeace-lovingpeople.
48. it,one
It同一物体,one同类不同一
Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
49. that,this
that指代上文所提到的,
this导出下文所要说的
Iwasill.That’swhy…
50. none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少,提问有多少时候用,
nothing,noone强调有没有,
nothing指物,noone指人
Howmany…/Howmuch…?
---None.
51. anyone,anyone
anyone指人,不能接of,
anyone指人物均可,可接of
anyoneofyou
52. who,what
who指姓名或关系,
what指职业或地位
Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
53. what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的,
which在一定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
54. other,another
other后接名词复数,
another泛指另一个后接名词单数
theother特指另一个
otherstudents,anotherstudent
55. notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常,notabit一点也不
I’mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
56.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,
much和不可数名词连用,
alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句
Ihaven’tmanybooks.
57.muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,
manymore…than后接可数名词
manymorepeople,muchmorewater,
muchmorebeautiful
58.no,not
no=nota/any
nofriend=nota/anyfriend
nowater=notanywater
59.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,
notmorethan至多,不超过
60.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,
most可数不可数均可
themajorityofpeople
61.byoneself单独的,独自的,
foroneself为自己,
tooneself供自己用的,
ofoneself自行的,自动的
Thedooropenedofitself.
62. atall,afterall
atall根本,全然,
afterall到底,毕竟
Afterallheisachild.
63.tall,high
tall常指人或动物,Heistall.
high常指物体
64.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,runfast
quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快
answerthequestionquickly
65.high,highly
high具体的高,
highly抽象高度的thinkhighlyof
66.healthy,healthful都是adjhealth---n
healthy健康的,健壮的,keephealthy
healthful有益于健康的
healthfulexercise
67.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉,asleepingbaby
asleep睡着熟睡只做表语fallasleep,
sleepy困的,有睡意的
Thebabyisasleep.I’msleepy.
68.gold,golden
gold指真金制品,agoldring
golden指金色的,
但金鱼用goldfish
69.most,mostly
most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,
mostly大部分,是副词
mostpeople
thepeoplearemostly…
Thebookismostinteresting.
70.just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语,
very表强调时是形容词,用作定语
theveryman,justtheman
71.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离
broad侧重于幅面的宽广
broadshoulders
72.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的---fake,
true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合
realgold,atruestory
73.respectful-adj,respectable-adj
respectful尊敬,有礼貌,--to
respectable可敬的值得尊敬的作定语
berespectfultotheaged
74.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,
outward还可用作形容词
anoutwardvoyage
75.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasure—n
pleasant常用作定语,apleasanttrip
pleased,pleasing常用作表语,
pleased主语常为人bepleasedwithsb,pleasing主语常为物
Thetripispleasing.
76.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的能体谅的,
understandable可理解的,能够懂的
anunderstandinggirl
anunderstandablemistake
77.close,closely
close接近,靠近指距离上,
standclose
closely紧紧地,紧密地抽象方面closelyconnected
78. ill,sick
ill做表语,定语heisill生病讲只能用表语,坏影响illeffect
sick定,表均可
asickboyfeelsickof
79. good,well
good形容词,
well副词,但指身体状况是形容词
Heiswellagain.
80. quiet,silent,still
Quiet侧重安静的可以发出小的声音,
silent不发出声音,但可以动,
still完全不动,完全无声响
Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,一动不动也不话。
81. hard,hardly都可做副词
hard努力,
hardly几乎不=almostworkhardIcanhardlybelieveit.
82. able,capable
able与不定式todo连用,beableto
capable与of连becapableof有能力
Heiscapableofdoing…
83. almost,nearly肯定句中两者通用,
二者均为”几乎,差不多”
和否定词连用almost;almostnobody
notnearly固定搭配表远不止,不够
84. late,lately
late迟,晚,belatefor,comelateto
lately最近,近来=recentlyIhaven’tseenhimlately.
Latter-former后者-前者
85. living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的,
living定表均可,
alive定、表均可,定语后置,
live活的活生生的,读音adj—ai;v-i只能做定语,
livelyadj意为活波的lovelyfriendlylonely都是以ly结尾的adj
allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
86.excited,excitingadj
同interestedinteresting
excited使人兴奋的,修饰与人有关的,
exciting令人兴奋的修饰与物有关
I’mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
87. deep,deeply
deep具体的深表具体;digdeep
deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved
88. aloud,loud
aloud出声地,readaloud
loudloudly都表从无声到有声,由小到大大声地readaloud(出声地读)
89. worth,worthy
二者均为值得,worth后接doing,表与钱有关系的;worthy后接to多
beworthyof–ing=bedone=
ofbeingdone
Itisworthvisiting.=It’sworthytobevisited.=It’sworthyofbeingvisited.
90. bad,badly
bad形容词,
badly副词表不好,但与need,want,require连用为“很,非常”
gobadIneedthebookbadly.
91.beforelong,longbefore
beforelong不久
longbefore很久以前
notlongbefore=beforelong
before在之前就很久后尚未没来得及
92.quite,rather
quite完全地,相当于completely,
rather修饰比较级表程度重,多有贬义
fairly程度较弱,相对褒义也是修饰比较急
quiteimpossible
93.happy,glad
happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,
glad高兴,只能做表语ahappygirl
94.instead,insteadof
instead是副词,放在句首或句末,insteadof是介词短语,放在句中
Hedidn’tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.
HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.
95.toomuch,muchtoo
toomuch后接不可数名词,
muchtoo后接形容词
muchtooheavy
96.beaboutto,begoingto,betodo
beaboutto表最近的将来,后面不接明确的时间状语,
begoingto侧重打算,想法,有计划性
betodo侧重意志,计划,安排
I’mtomeethim.(含双方事先约好的意思)
97.raise,rise
raise及物动词,举起,养育raisepigs养猪,
rise不及物动词up
Thes
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