3 阅读长难句考点.docx
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3 阅读长难句考点.docx
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3阅读长难句考点
基础阅读知识点总结(长难句方面)
基础阅读----长难句方面的考点(报刊文章长难句特点)
除过一些比较规范的长难句之外,应注意以下各种带有报刊文章特点的长难句:
考点一、宾语后置
考点二、同位语更后置
考点三、定从状意
考点四、倒装结构
考点五、否定结构
考点六、省略结构
考点七、状语分割
考点八、破折号、as分割
考点九、than与as
考点十、关联和转承语
考点十一、左二右五原则及串并联定语
考点一、宾语后置
1)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohasregardedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底的)wayaboutmoralproblems.
2)Thegoalofallthebookswillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.
3)Thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.
4)JackLondonpouredintohiswritingsallthepainofhislife,thefiercehatredofthebourgeoisiethatithadimposedonhim,andtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseupandtakethemanagementofsocietyoutofthehandsoftheexploiters.
考点二、同位语更后置
1)Forexample,weknowthattheideacommonlyacceptedwhenthefirsteditionofthisbookwasprinted,thatlifewasaltogetherabsentinthedeeperpartsofthesea,isnottrue.
3)WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedfortymilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.
4)Darwindidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.
考点三、定从状意
1)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.
2)NoactioncouldbeeffectivelyundertakenwithoutactiveparticipationandfullcooperationofEgypt’stradingpartners,whicharepermanentmemberoftheUNSecurityCouncilandassuchassumeaveryspecialresponsibilitytowardtheUN.
3)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”(欧洲品牌)thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.
4)Ithasrumorthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.
"Creationism"inthepassagerefersto________.
[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse
[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion
[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation
[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse
5)Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause_____
A.ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal
B.itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore
C.thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors
考点四、状语分割
1)Nor,ifregularityandconformityareasimportanttothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."
2)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals..
3)Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsociety,fromthegovernmentofficialtotheordinarycitizen,ofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseinthework.
4)Thatfact,letalonethecurrentdivisionbetweenthe11eurocountriesandthefourledbyBritainthathavenotjoined,islikelytomeanthattheUnionshouldbecomeamulti-systementity(实体),withsomecountriessigninguptoeverythingandotherschoosingonlysomethings.
考点五、否定结构
双重否定
1)Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Theword“poached”mostprobablymeans.
[A]approvedof[B]attendedto
[C]huntedfor[D]guardedagainst
2)AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.
IntheWesterner'seyes,thepostwarJapan
A.underaimlessdevelopmentB.apositiveexample
C.arivaltotheWestD.onthedecline
3)Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning.
4)Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive----thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.
否定转移
1)Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,buthebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.
考点六、倒装结构
全倒装
1)ImplicitwithinTylor'sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.(全倒装)
2)Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabandofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.(全倒装)
3)Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.(全倒装)
4)CloselyrelatedtothegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860swasBritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerwhoputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.(全倒装)
6)Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant----notofwhatiswrong,butofthefrailty(脆弱)andimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes.(全倒装)
7)CoincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversitytothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.(全倒装)
部分倒装
1)Darwinassertedthathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedashazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.
2)Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed----andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedtomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.
3)Nor,ifregularityisasimportanttothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"(怪人)amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."
考点七、省略结构
一、平行结构中名词及名词短语、动词的省略
1)Ts'aoYuan-longguessedthatFangMung-chien'sknowledgeofGermanwasaboutasgoodorasbadashisown.Besides,FangwasaChinesemajor,sohecouldn'tbetoobrilliant.Forinauniversity,sciencemajorslookdownanhumanitiesmajors,foreignlanguagemajorsonChinesemajors,Chinesemajorsonphilosophymajors,philosophymajorsonsociologymajors,andsociologymajorsinturnoneducationmajors.Sinceeducationmajorshavenoontolookdownon,theycanonlydespisetheprofessorsintheirowndepartment.
2)Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcom
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