陕西博物馆英文讲解词.docx
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陕西博物馆英文讲解词.docx
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陕西博物馆英文讲解词
IntroductionofShaanxiHistoryMuseum
Hello,ladiesandgentlemen,welcometoShaanxiHistoryMuseum.First,Iwanttogiveyouabriefintroductionofthismuseum.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumisasizablenationalmuseumwithawiderangeofartifacts,about375,000historicalandculturalrelics(['rɛliks]n.遗迹;遗骸;纪念物),whichwereallexcavatedinShaanxiProvince.Itcoversanareaof70,000squaremeters,withafloorspaceofover50,000squaremeters.ShaanxiProvincehadbeenthecradle(['kreidl]n.摇篮;发源地;发祥地;支船架)oftheancientChinesecivilization.AndpeopleoftensaythattheancienthistoryofShaanxiisamicrocosm(['maikrəukɔzəm]n.微观世界;小宇宙;作为宇宙缩影的人类;缩图(等于microcosmos))ofChinesehistory.
Themuseumshowsagreatdealofeleganceandoriginalityinstyle.ItwasdesignedbyZhangJinqiu,averyfamousfemalearchitectinChina,andassumesthearchitecturalfeaturesofancientChinesepalacesandcourtyardsofTangDynasty.
PREFACEHALL
Nowweareinthehall.Thegiantstonewalkinglionwasoriginallyerected(adj.直立的;正立的vt.建立;竖立)infrontofShunlingMausoleum,([,mɔ:
sə'liəm]n.陵墓;阴森森的大厦[复数mausoleums或mausolea])thetombofEmpress(女皇)WuZetian’smotheroftheTangDynasty.Withitsexquisite(['ekskwizit,adj.优美的,高雅的;精致的;剧烈的;细腻的;异常的n.服饰过于讲究的男子)craftsmanship(技艺精湛)andimposingappearance,thelionisbelievedtorankthefirstinAsia.SincelionandtheircarvingskillswereintroducedtoChinafromAfghanistanthroughtheSilkRoadinancienttimes,sothislionalsorepresentstheculturalexchangebetweenChinaandothercountries.
THEMAPOFSHAANXIPROVINCE
LyinginthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver,andintheeasternpartofthenorthwestregionofChina,ShaanxiProvinceservesasthegatewaytothenorthwestofthecountry,andoffersalinkofcommunicationbetweentheSouthwest,NorthwestandEastChina.ShaanxiProvincecoverstheareaofabout205,800squarekilometer,andhasthetotalpopulationof37million.
Topographically,([,tɔpə'græfikli]adv.从地形上;在地形构造方面)ShaanxiProvincecanbedividedintothreenaturalregions.ThetoppartistheLoess['ləuisPlateau['plætəu(黄土高原)inthenorthernpartofShaanxiProvince.ThemiddlepartisGuanzhongPlain,andhereisXi’ancitywhere13dynastiessettheircapitalsduring1,100yearsinChinesehistory.ThesouthernpartoftheShaanxiProvinceismainlyaboutsomemountainousregions.ThisisQinglingmountainousregion,whichisnotonlythenaturalboundaryinseparatingthenorthernandthesouthernpartofChinabutalsothewatershed['wɔ:
təʃed,'wɔ-]n.分水岭;(美)流域;转折点;集水区adj.标志转折点的)ofthetwogreatestwatersystemsinChina—theYellowRiversystemandtheYangtzeRiversystem.
THEPREHISTORICAGE史前时期
(1,150,000yearsago—21stcenturyB.C)
ThefirstsectionfocusesonthehistoryofShaanxiProvinceduringthePrehistoricAge,whichrangesfrom1,150,000yearsagotothe21stcenturyB.C.ShaanxiisanimportantsourceofinformationontheoriginofthehumanraceinAsia.
In1964,thefossilofahumanskullandjawbonewerediscoveredinLiantianCounty.Thearchaeologistsputthesetogetherandshapedthisfemalefigurearoundher30’s.TheLiantianApe-manhadamuchsmallerbraincapabilitycomparingwithpeoplelivingtoday,only780milliliters(['mili,li:
tə]n.毫升)abouthalfthesizeofpeopletoday.Andthethicknessoftheirskullistwiceasmuchaspeopletoday.AllofthesetellusthattheintellectofLiantianApe-manisnotwelldeveloped.However,theresultsofthelatestresearchprogramprovethatLiantianApe-manlivedabout1,150,000yearsagoandwastheearliestknownHomo['həuməu]
n.人,人类;同性恋者[复数homos]erectus(直立人;直立猿人;直立人种)inNorthAsia.ThisbackgroundpictureshowsGongwangling公王岭,wherethefossilofLiantianApe-manwasdiscovered.Inthedisplaycasearethepointedstoneimplementsexcavated(v.发掘;挖掘(excavate的过去式,过去分词)fromthesite,whichweremadeandusedbyLiantianApe-man.Thesestoneimplements,thoughtslightlychipped(tʃipt]adj.有缺口的;用碎片组成的;受切损的)andirregularlyshaped,wereusedformultiplepurposes.AndallofthesestonetoolsbelongedtothePaleolithic([,pæliəu'liθik,,pei-]adj.旧石器时代的)Age.
AfterthediscoveryofthefossilofLiantianApe-man,thefossilofarathercompletehominid(['hɔminid]n.原始人类;人科动物adj.人类及其祖先的)skullwasfoundinDaliCounty,ShaanxiProvincein1978.ThebraincapabilityoftheDaliMenwaslarger,reachedto1120milliliters,only300lessthanpeopletoday.DaliMenlivedabout200,000yearsago,andbelongedtoanewstageofhumanevolution,knownas(智人)HomoSapiens['seipjənz.ThestoneimplementseverusedbytheDaliMenarerelativelysmallinsize.
TheearliestNeolithic([,ni:
əu'liθik]
adj.新石器时代的;早先的)culturalheritageinShaanxiisknownasLaoguantaiCulture,whichoriginatedabout8,000yearsago.TheNeolithicCultureisdifferentfromthe([,pæliəu'liθik,,pei-]
adj.旧石器时代的)PaleolithicCultureinthreemajorrespects:
theuseofpolishedstoneimplements,theinventionofpotteryutensils餐具,andtheemergenceofsettledhabitationandprimitive(['primitiv]adj.原始的,远古的;简单的,粗糙的n.原始人)farming.Theappearanceoftheseearlypotteryutensilsprovidedthehumanbeingwiththecookingvessels(容器,血管),andhelpedalottoimprovethelivingconditionatthattime.Thepolishedstonespades([speidz]
n.锹(spade的复数)v.用铲挖(spade的三单形式)andknivesondisplayindicatethatatthattimepeoplemadealivingnotsolelybygatheringandhunting,butbymeansofslash-and-burn.(['slæʃən'bə:
n]
adj.刀耕火种的)
YangshaoCulturedatesabout7,000-5,000yearsback.InShaanxiProvince,therepresentativesofYangshaoCulturearetheBanpositeandtheJiangzhaisite.Nowlet’sseeatypicalartifactofYangshaoCulture,thetip-bottomedbottles.Theancientpeopleuseditaswatervessel.Firsttheyusedstringstotieontheearsandthenputthevesseldirectlyonthesurfaceoftheriver.Assoonasthebottletouchedthewater,itwouldnaturallyfalldownandletthewaterflowin.Thenitwouldstanduprightafterbeingfilledwithwater,duetotheshiftingofitscenterofgravity(重心).Becausepeopleatthattimelivedalongtheriverside,sotheymadethebottleintosuchshape—theycouldholditandpushitintothesand,madeitmorestable.
∙HerearesomestoneimplementsofYangshaoCulture.ComparingwiththoseofLaoguantaiCulture,thesestonetoolsseemrelativelysmallinsize.Atthattime,therewasanadvancethatwaspeoplebegantousethestonetoolsattachedtothewoodstick,whichcouldbeeasierandsaferforpeopletouseit.Thesearesomeboneneedlesfortheancientpeopletosewtheirclothes,andtherearesomepatternsoftheirsewing.Accordingtothearchaeologicalstudy,itisbelievedthatthematerialsforsewingthenwerepossiblylinen(['linin]
n.亚麻布,亚麻线;亚麻制品adj.亚麻的;亚麻布制的)andhides(兽皮).Andthisnecklacemadeofthousandofsmallanimal’sbonewasfoundinagirl’stomb.BecauseYangshaoCulturewasatypical(matriarchal['meitri'a:
kl]adj.母系氏族的;女家长的)clan([klæn]
n.宗族;部落;集团)communityinwhichwomenplayedadominantroleineveryaspectofsociallife,sothearchaeologistfoundalotofburial(['beriəl]
n.埋葬;葬礼;弃绝adj.埋葬的)objectsinevenyounggirl’stomb,butnotinmale’stomb.YangshaoCultureisalsoknownasthecultureofpaintedpottery.(彩陶)Thepatternsofthepaintedpotteryaremainlyaboutsomeanimalpatternsandsomegeometricpatterns([dʒiəu'metrik]
adj.几何学的;几何学图形的),likethewaveoftheriver.Nowwewillseeafirst-classartifactinourmuseum—thispotterybasin(人面鱼纹盆).Insideofthisbasin(['beisən]
n.水池;流域;盆地;盆)thereisapeople’sfaceandwithtwofishinhismouth.ThisdesigndepictedBaopopeople’sstrongtiesandspecialemotionwithfish.Itwasmostlikelythetotem(['təutəm]
n.图腾;崇拜物)oftheBanpopeople.Andifweseecloserwecanfindtherearetwolittleholesatthebottomofthisbasin.Sincetheinfantdeathratewasveryhighinthosedaysbecauseoftoughnaturalconditions.Whenchildrendied,theirparentswouldburythecorpse([kɔ:
ps]
n.尸体)inpotteryjars(广口瓶),andputsuchbasinoverthejar.Thetwoholeswereservedaspassageforthesoulofthechildtocomeorgofreely.Fromthiswecanseethat6,000yearsagotheprimitivepeoplealreadygenerated(生成的;发生的v.(使)产生(generate的过去分词))theconceptionthateverybodyhadasoul.Withtheprogressofthematerialcivilization,theybegantostriveforaspiritualcivilization.Thepotterywindinstrument(管乐器)unearthed发掘fromthesiteofBanpoVillageistheearliestmusicalinstrumentinChina.Theupperholewasforpeopletoblow,andtheothertwoholeswereusedforchangingthetunes.WritingdidnotcomeintobeinginBanpodays,butthearcheologistshavefoundalotofsymbolsontheedgeofsomepotteryutensils.Comparingthesesymbolswiththeinscriptionsonoraclebones甲骨文ortortoiseshells龟甲oftheShangDynasty,wemayseeafewofthembearsomeresemblancetoeachother.Thoughthearcheologistshavenotfigureouttheactualmeaningofthesesymbols,itisbelievedthesesymbolswerepossiblytheearliestChinesescript.
ChinawentintotheLongshanCultureperiodabout5,000yearsago.ThevillageruinstypicalofLongshanCulturearescatteredextensively广阔的inShaanxiProvinceandchieflycenteredintheareaoftheWeiRiver.StartingfromtheperiodoftheLongshanCulture,mankindmovedintotheageofpatriarchal([,peitri'ɑ:
kəl]
adj.家长的;族长的;由族长统治的)clancommunity父系氏族时期.Withsocialandeconomicdevelopment,menbegantoplayadominantroleinsocialactivitiesinsteadofwomen.Withtheinventionofanewmethodofpotterymaking,theearthenware(['ə:
θənwεə]
n.陶器;土器)evermadewasuniforminthicknessandvariedinstyle.Inaddition,paintedpotterywaresgavewaytotheirgreypotterycounterparts相对物;相对应的人.Alotofwinevesselsappear
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