自考工程应用英语全复习资料.docx
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自考工程应用英语全复习资料.docx
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自考工程应用英语全复习资料
131.Engineersoftenworkastoarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.
132.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointoorsanitaryengineering.
133.Itissufficientinordertocreatealegally,ifthepartiesexpresstheiragreementandintentiontoenterintosuchacontract.
134.Onepartytothecontractisforbreachofcontractifhefailstoperformhispartoftheagreement.
135.thesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.
136.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchasrock,orearthmixedwithboulders.
137.Noattemptwasmadetocontrolcontentortosecurecompaction.
138.Theofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.
139.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseofbrakefluid.
140.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrakehasmeantthatthedriver’stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.
141.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsand______techniques.
142.Moderncement,called______,wasinventedin1824.
143.Materialforembankmentcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignated______.
144.Causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecategorizedintofourmajorgroups:
thevehicles,theroad,thedriver,the______.
145.Anotherimprovementindrivervisibilityistheintroductionoftheremote-controlledoutside______mirror.
146.Rocknearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderor______intotrucksorotherhaulingunits.
147.Thethreeforcesthatcanactonastructureare,horizontalforce,andthosethatactuponitwitharotatingorturningmotion.
148.Highwaypavementsaredividedintotwomaincategories:
______andflexible.
149.Flexiblepavementsarefurtherdividedintothreesubgroups:
hightype,______,andlowtype.
150.Theconstructingstepsofthetransportationsystemaretoplan,design,build,operateand_____.
151.Theunitpricecontractisadaptedtohighwayengineering,becauseusuallyitisnotpossibletodetermineexactquantitiesofsomeitemsofwork______constructioniscompleted.
152.Theword‘contract’isderivedfromtheLatin‘contractum’,meaning______together.
153.Asastructuralmaterial,theenormousadvantageofsteelisits______.
154.______isthedominanttransportationmodeinpassengertravel.
155.ThePortlandcementconcretecommonlyusedforrigidpavementsconsistsofPortlandcement,coarseaggregate,______,water.
156.Rigidhighwaypavementcanbedividedintothreegeneraltypes:
plainconcretepavements,simplyreinforcedconcreteand______pavements.
157.Thesimplestandgenerallyleastcostlyformofinterchangeisthe______.
158.Ifdistancesaregreatandtimeisatapremium,______transportationwillbeselected.
159.Signingforfreewaysshouldbeplannedconcurrentlywiththe______design.
160.Majordrainagestructuresareusuallylargebridgesandmulti-span______.
161.Theweightofthestructureitselfisknownas.
162.concreteisanimprovedformofreinforcement.
163.Asimplecontractconsistsofanenteredintobytwoormoreparties.
164.Thissumisknownas‘money’andservestoinsuretheemployeragainstanydefectsthatmayariseinthework.
165.Thus,trainingcanbeacquiredtotranslatetheoryintopracticetothesupervisors.
166.Largeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedbya.
167.Trafficloadsaretransferredbythewearingsurfacetotheunderlyingsupportingmaterialsthroughtheinterlockingofaggregates,thefrictionaleffectof,andcohesionofthefinematerials.
168.Excavationistheprocessoflooseningandremovingearthorrockandtransportingittoafillortoa.
169.Whenplanningastructure,anengineermusttakeintoaccountfourfactors:
deadload,,impactandsafetyfactor.
170.Thenewdesignstandardsrequirerailsandotherstructurestolessenavehicle’simpact.
171.Peopleselecttocarryimportantgoodswhentimeisatapremium.
172.Thebenefit-costratiomethodisusedforevaluatingtheandenvironmentalfeasibilityofthealternativeroutes.
173.Auniquebridgesiteoramountainpassalsomatbecomeaprimary.
174.Theradiusofatangentis,andthatofacurveisfinite.
175.Usingcollector-distributorroadscanovercomeweavingmovementoftheinterchange.
三.阅读理解题:
PassageOne
Researchisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwithotherscientistsandengineers.Heorsheisoftenemployedinalaboratorythatisfinancedbygovernmentorindustry.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationtechniques,andalsothedevelopmentandthetestingofnewstructuralmaterials.
176.Researchisoneof______aspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.
A.themostuseless
B.themostimportant
C.themostunnecessary
177.Aresearcherisoftenemployed.
A.onafarm
B.inalibrary
C.inalaboratory
178.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwith.
A.farmersandscientists
B.engineersandfarmers
C.scientistsandengineers
179.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludeonlysoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization,butalsothedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials
B.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization
C.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludethedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials
PassageTwo
Thecurrenttendencyistodeveloplightermaterials.Aluminum,forexample,weighsmuchlessthansteelbuthasmanyofthesameproperties.Aluminumbeamshavealreadybeenusedforbridgeconstructionandfortheframeworkofafewbuildings.
Attemptsarealsobeingmadetoproduceconcretewithmorestrengthanddurability,andwithalighterweight.Onesystemthathelpscutconcreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers,whicharelongchainlikecompoundsusedinplastics,aspartofthemixture.
180.Thecurrenttrendofstructuralmaterialsis.
A.todevelopheaviermaterials
B.todeveloplightermaterials
C.todeveloplessmaterials
181.Aluminumweighs.
A.muchlessthansteel
B.thesameassteel
C.muchheavierthansteel
182.Aluminumhas.
A.nopropertiesofsteel
B.fewpropertiesofsteel
C.manyofthesamepropertiesofsteel
183.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedforbridgeconstruction
B.Aluminumbeamscanbeusedfornotonlybridgeconstructionbutalsotheframeworkofafewbuildings
C.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedfortheframeworkofafewbuildings
PassageThree
Steelandconcretealsocomplementeachotherinanotherway:
theyhavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.Theythereforecanworktogetherinsituationswherebothcompressionandtensionarefactors.Steelrodsareembeddedinconcretetomakereinforcedconcreteinconcretebeamsorstructureswheretensionwilldevelop.Concreteandsteelalsoformsuchastrongbonds—theforcethatunitesthem—thatthesteelcannotslipwithintheconcrete.Stillanotheradvantageisthatsteeldoesnotrustinconcrete.Acidcorrodessteel,whereasconcretehasanalkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid.
184.Steelandconcretehave.
A.differentrateofcontraction
B.differentrateofexpansion
C.almostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion
185.Reinforcedconcreteis.
A.steelrodswhichareembeddedinconcretebeams
B.concretewhichisembeddedinsteelrods
C.steelrodswhichreactwithconcrete
186.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.steelcanrustinconcrete
B.concretecancorrodesteel
C.steeldoesnotrustinconcrete
187.Concretehas.
A.somekindofchemicalthatcorrodessteel
B.analkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid
C.somekindofacid
PassageFour
Theemployerorpromoterofcivilengineeringworksnormallydeterminestheconditionsofcontract,whichdefinetheobligationsandperformancesbysomeformofcompetitivetenderingandanycontractorwhosubmitsasuccessfultenderandsubsequentlyentersintoacontractisdeemedinlawtohavevoluntarilyacceptedtheconditionsofcontractadoptedbythepromoter.
Theobligationsthatacontractoracceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtotender.Inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntilithasbeenacceptedandmay,eventhen,bewithdrawniftheacceptanceisstatedbythepromotertobe‘subjecttoformalcontract’asisoftenthecase.
188.Theconditionsofcontractarenormallydeterminedby.
A.thegovernmentofficial
B.thecontractor
C.thepromoter
189.Thisconditionsdefinetheobligationsandperformancestowhich______willbesubject.
A.theemployer
B.theofficial
C.thecontractor
190.Theobligationsthat______acceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtothetender.
A.theemployer
B.theauditor
C.thecontractor
191.Inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntil.
A.thepromoterhasenoughmoney
B.ithasbeenaccepted
C.thetenderapprovedbythegovernment
PassageFive
Materialsareusuallydescribedas‘rock’,‘looserock’,or‘common’,with‘common’signifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.Rock,sometimescalled‘solidrock’,nearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderorpowershovelintotrucksorotherhaulingunits.Blastedrockmaybemovedordriftedforshortdistancesbymeansofabulldozer,whichis,ineffect,ahugetractor-mountedblade.Looserockoftenisdugwithloaders
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