英语语言学试题及答案.docx
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英语语言学试题及答案.docx
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英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题
(1)
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.
A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic
2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.
A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords
3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.
A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme
4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.
A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator
5、"CanIborrowyourbike"_____"Youhaveabike."
A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes
6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.
A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics
7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization.
A、elaborationB、simplificationC、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing
8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.
A、LinguafrancaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage
9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.
A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus
B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex
C、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons
D、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea
10、AccordingtoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.
A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition
II.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk_______oftherulesofhislanguage.
12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,,theyareallb______.
13、M_______isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
14、As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.
15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc______synonyms.
16、Theillocutionarypointofr_____istocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.
17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc______.
18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcand___theformof"be".
19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec______periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.
20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,I______isaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.
()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.
()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.
()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.
()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.
()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.
()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.
()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.
()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.
()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.
IV.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)
31、duality
32、diachroniclinguistics
33、broadtranscription
34、morphologicalrules
35、phrasestructurerule
36、relationalopposites
37、componentialanalysis
38、context
39、euphemism
40、brainlateralization
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)
41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.
42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.
语言学试题
(1)参考答案
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D
6、B7、B8、C9、A10、D
二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
11、knowledge
12、bilabial
13、morphology
14、sentence
15、complete
16、representatives
17、coinage
18、delete
19、critical
20、interlanguage
三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21、F
Actuallymodernlinguisticslaysmoreemphasisonthespokenformoflanguagethanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons.
22、F
VoicingdistinguishesmeaninginEnglishbutnotinChinese.
23、F
Themeaningofsomecompoundwordshasnothingtodowiththesumtotalofthemeaningsoftheircomponents,suchasthecompound"redcoat".
24、F
ApartfromSandC,theyalsorefertoaword,oraphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.
25、F
DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundnotonlyindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutalsowithinthevarietyitself.Forexample,withinBritishEnglish,"girl"iscalled"lassie"inScottishdialect,and"liquor"iscalled"whishey"inIrishdialect.
26、T
27、T
28、F
Theyhaveafairlyclearfairlyclearfunctionaldifferentiation,.onelanguagemaybeusedinsomedomains,otherlanguageinotherdomains.
29、F
Thetruestatementis"AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,languagedeterminesspeakers'perceptionsandpatternstheirwayoflife"
30、T
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)
31、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageconsistsoftwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,therearealimitednumberofsoundswhicharemeaninglesswhileatthehigherlevelthereareanunlimitednumberofcombinationsofthesesounds.Itisalsoknownasdoublearticulation.
32、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,studyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.
33、Awaytotranscribespeechsounds.Thebasicprincipleistouseonelettertoindicateonesound.Itisgenerallyusedindictionariesandlanguageteachingtextbooks.
34、Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword,canbeaddedtoanountoformanadjective.
35、arewriterulethatallowsforthepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences
36、Relationalopposites,akindofantonyms,refertopairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.Forexample,"husband"and"wife","father"and"son"etc.
37、Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.Forexample,theword"man"isanalyzedascomprisingof+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.
38、Contextisregardedasconstitutedbyallkindsofknowledgeassumedtobesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,Forexample,theknowledgeofthelanguageusedandtheknowledgeoftheworld,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandthespecificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.
39、Aeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordorexpressionthatreplacesataboowordorservestoavoidmoredirectwordingthatmightbeharsh,unpleasantlydirect,oroffensive,."passaway"for"die".
40、Brainlateralizationreferstothelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.Forexample,therighthemisphereprocessesstimulimoreholisticallyandthelefthemispheremoreanalytically.Inmostpeople,thelefthemispherehasprimaryresponsibilityforlanguage,whiletherighthemispherecontrolsvisualandspatialskills.
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)
41、Theinventoryofsoundscanchange,andsoundchangesincludechangesinvowelsounds,soundloss,soundaddition,andsoundmovement.
1)Vowelsoundchange:
Englishhasundergonethesystematicandregularchangeinthe
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