英语阅读衡水中学第二轮复习.docx
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英语阅读衡水中学第二轮复习.docx
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英语阅读衡水中学第二轮复习
第一编 专题二
[层级一 真题题组]
A
(2019·北京卷)
Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals._1.B__Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?
_2.E__Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.
Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions._3.G__Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”_4.D__
Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比赛),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.
_5.F__AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.
A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.
B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.
C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.
D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.
E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.
F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.
G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.
文章大意:
主题:
人与社会(人际沟通与合作);话题:
团队建设。
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了优秀人才在团队建设中的作用、地位和分布比例等。
通过几项研究,得出的结论是:
一个好的团队,其成员构成需要平衡,既要有优秀的人,也要有普通的人。
在团队建设中优秀人才的引进不能简单地搞“一刀切”。
1.解析:
词汇锁定法解题。
空格前说“大多数人认为建一个好的团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有天赋(talented)的个人”,空格后说“公司花数百万(millions)雇用顶级商业人士”,由此可知空格处选B项“体育队的老板花数百万(millions)美元吸引体育天才(talent)”,其中的millions和talent与上下文对应,故应选B项。
2.解析:
关联逻辑法解题。
根据空格后的“Theresultsaremixed.”知,空格处是研究的结果,选项E中的severalrecentstudies与之对应,故答案为E。
3.解析:
词汇锁定法解题。
空格后先是提到了baseball,后又提到了basketball,对天才球员在这两项运动中所起的作用进行了研究,由此可知,空格处涉及baseball和basketball。
选项G中的baseball,football,basketball与之对应,故答案为G。
4.解析:
关联逻辑法解题。
根据空格前的“学习参加团队运动的小孩子经常被告知‘团队里没有个人’”可推断出,选项D“明星们很明显不遵守体育精神这一基本原则”符合语境,故答案为D。
5.解析:
关联逻辑法解题。
根据空格后的“一个优秀的团队需要平衡”可知,空格处是“建立一支梦之队比单纯雇用最优秀的人才更复杂”,这与选项F对应,故答案为F。
B
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.
_1.B__WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.
“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful._2.D__It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”
_3.A__“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile._4.F__”
Sodowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?
AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter._5.E__Ifindithardtostop!
DancingremindsmeI'malive.”
A.Sowhydowedance?
B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.
C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.
D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.
E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.
F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.
G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.
文章大意:
本文是一篇说明文。
跳舞在美国很常见。
Bridges是美国爱荷华州的一个舞蹈工作室的老板,在文章中他分析跳舞的好处,解释人们学习舞蹈的原因,表达自己对舞蹈的热爱。
1.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
空后的“WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.”可知,舞蹈在美国到处都有,故B项符合语境。
2.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法。
D项中的them指代myolderstudents。
空后的两个them也指代myolderstudents。
3.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
由本段中的“Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.”可知,跳舞可以让原本情绪低落的他们变得开心,故A项(那么我们为什么跳舞呢?
)符合语境。
4.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
由上句“Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.”可知,他们跳完舞后,精神状态发生了很大的变化。
故F项(舞蹈似乎完全改变了他们的感觉)符合语境。
5.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
由空后的“Ifindithardtostop!
”可知E项(我即使在极其疲惫的时候,也坚持练习)符合语境。
C
(2018·北京卷)
WhyDoWeGetAngry?
Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessmentofsituations._1.F__
Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:
beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._2.G__Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.
Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry._3.E__Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.
_4.A__Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.
_5.D__However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.
A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.
B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.
C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.
D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.
E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.
F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.
G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.
文章大意:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章说明了人生气的几种原因。
人们通过了解生气的原因,可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气,由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。
1.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法。
由空前的themainreasons锁定选项F中的thesereasons。
结合上下文内容可知,作者提到了一些引发生气的原因,理解这些原因有助于我们控制生气。
2.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法以及关联逻辑法。
由空后的someoneistriggered...othersarenot...可知,相同的事情并不会引发每个人都生气,这与选项G中的noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents以及triggers相吻合。
3.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法。
由空前的personalitytraits以及空后的pre-anger锁定选项E中的personalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate。
由此可知选E项。
4.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法。
由空后的situations,create锁定选项A中的onsituationscancreateangerwithinus,即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。
5.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
由空后表转折的副词however以及angercaneasilyturnviolent可知,因为生气容易转变为暴力,所以作者不赞同生气,即使有理由生气。
选项D中提到“人们认为有理由去生气”,显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折。
故选D。
D
(2018·浙江卷)
Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould._1.G__
Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat,clean,andingoodrepair._2.F__Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.
Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk,takealongasmallgarbagebag._3.E__Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.
_4.B__Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowthatyouaretheretohelpinanywaythatisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.
_5.C__Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.
A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.
B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.
C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.
D.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.
E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.
F.Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.
G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly.
文章大意:
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。
本文为“总—分”结构,从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。
1.解析:
解本题可用关联逻辑法。
通读全文可知,本文是“总—分”结构。
由第二段中的“...oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeep...”以及第三段的second可知,本题选G,也就是本文的主题句。
2.解析:
解本题可用词汇锁定法。
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