高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题.docx
- 文档编号:4833331
- 上传时间:2022-12-10
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:35
- 大小:86.19KB
高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题.docx
《高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题
专题02阅读理解之说明文
1.(2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)
Scientistssaythey'vedevelopedasystemusingmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightingwillstrike.TheresearchwasledbyengineersfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne,Switzerland.
Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Thestrikescanalsocausepoweroutages,destroyproperty,damageelectricalequipmentandstartforestfires.Forthesereasons,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictandcontrollightning.IntheUnitedStatesandotherplaces,ground-basedsensingdevicesareusedtoidentifystrikesastheyhappen.But,nosystemhasbeencreatedtoeffectivelypredictlightning.
Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusedacombinationofdatafromweatherstationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelikelytocauselightning.
Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedatarelatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:
airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed.
Theatmosphericdatawasplacedintoamachinelearningalgorithm(算法),whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes.Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.
AmirhosseinMostajabiisaPhDstudentattheinstitutewholedthedevelopmentofthemethod.Hesaid,“currentsystemsforgatheringsuchdataareslowandcomplexandrequirecostlycollectionequipmentlikeradarorsatellites.”
“Ourmethodusesdatathatcanbeobtainedfromanyweatherstation,”Mostajabisaid.“Thiswillimprovedatacollectioninveryremoteareasnotcoveredbyradarandsatelliteorinplaceswherecommunicationsystemshavebeencut,”beadded.
TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionsystem.TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.
8.Whyhaveclimatescientiststriedtopredictandcontrollighting?
A.Tocollectrelativedata.
B.Toreducethedestructionlightninghasbeencausing.
C.Tocreateascientificsystem.
D.Todoresearchinrelationtomachinelearning.
9.ThefourmentionedsurfaceconditionsincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.
A.airpollutionB.windspeed
C.relativehumidityD.airtemperature
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?
A.lighting.B.thesystembeingtested.
C.theatmosphericdata.D.themachinelearningalgorithm.
11.WhatcanwelearnaboutMostajabifromthepassage?
A.Hedevelopedthemethodandthesystemhimself.
B.Hethinksthecurrentsystemsaretooslowandsimple.
C.HeisaprofessorattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology.
D.Hebelievestheirsystemdoesmuchbetterindatacollection.
2.(2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟)
SHORTLISTOFLONDON'SBEST
Ifyouhavelimitedvisitingtimewerecommendyoufollowthislist.
1)HousesofParliament.TheguidedtoursoftheHousesofParliamentareexcellent,inanylanguageyouwant,andgetyoutoplacesthatevennormalBritscan't.However,whenParliamentissitting,theyarenotrunning,butyoucanstillgetin.
2)HamptonCourt.WeratethisasoneofthebestattractionsinEurope.AwholesuccessionofkingsandqueenshaveaddedtoHenryVIII’soriginalpalace.Therelieafantasticpark(byCapabilityBrown)andgardens(includingthefamousmaze),andTudorkitchensandoneofthelastremainingRealTenniscourts.Lotsoffree(onceyou'vepaidtheadmission)guidedtours,someincostume,bypeoplewhoknowandlovetheplace.It'salsosurroundedbyaseriesofparksandmakesagreatdestinationforabiketrip-trainout(30minutesfromWaterloo),bikeback(12miles)alongtheriver.WepreferittotheTowerofLondon-you'llprobablywanttovisitboth,itknocksthespotsoffBuckinghamPalace.
3)TheRiver.WalkalongtheSouthBankfromTowerBridgetoLambeth.ThebestofLondonisspreadoutforyou:
TheTowerofLondon&TowerBridge,TheHousesofParliament,LambethPalace(residenceoftheArchbishopofCanterbury),Shakespeare'sGlobetheatre,BothTateGalleries,StPaul'sCathedral,TheSouthBankCentre,TheTemple,TheLondonEye,WestminsterAbbey,SomersetHouse.(A2hourwalkifyoudon'tstopforlong).OryoucantakeaboatouttoGreenwich,theThamesBarrierortheDome.
4)WestminsterAbbey.WheretheycrownKings.Anunreasonableadmissioncharge(shouldreallybefreeorvoluntarydonation),butamasterpieceanyway.Ifyougetboredofwaitinginthequeue,orpackeddownbythecrowds,hurryyourselfofftotheCitywherethere'smoresquarespaceofhistoricchurch,andempty.
5)TheTheatre.It'dbeacrimetovisitLondonandnottakeinashow.Londonershavebeenpassionateabouttheatreforcenturies.Notonlyisthequalityhigh,butthepriceislow—onethirdthepriceofBroadway.
1.WhichtourwillaforeignstudentstudyingthehistoryofBritishRoyalFamilymostprobablyprefer?
A.thetourtoWestminsterAbbeyB.thetourtoTowerBridge
C.thetourtoSomersetHouseD.thetourtoHamptonCourt
2.Whattimedoestheunderlinedstatement“whenParliamentissitting”inparagraph2referto?
A.whentheParliamentisnotofficiallyinsession.
B.whenthemembersofParliamentaredebatingoverahotissue.
C.whentheParliamentisstayingidleforrepairs.
D.whenthemembersofParliamentaretakingabreakaftersomeexercise
3.WhyareLondonersfondoftheatre?
A.Theyenjoythecriminaldramaplots.
B.Theyenjoytheinexpensiveadmission.
C.TheyenjoytheClassicalMusicandOpera.
D.TheyenjoythesceneofShakespeare’sGlobetheatre.
3.(2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟)
Bynowyou’veprobablyheardaboutthe“you’renotspecial”speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:
“Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot.”Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony-andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheinternet-tookissuewithhisego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheangerandprotestwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilit
ies,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:
wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.
Suchinflated(膨胀的)self-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?
Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithco-authorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden”:
they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirineptness(笨拙)preventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.
InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor"extremelyoverestimated"theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile,theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"(元认知技巧):
thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadox(悖论)here,theauthorsnote:
“Theskillsthatdevelopcompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.”Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe’redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.
Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind(两难).First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:
anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.
Ifweadoptthesestrategies-andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren-theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tookissuewith”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?
A.totallyapprovedofB.disagreedwith
C.fullyunderstoodD.helddiscussionabout
9.Whatistheproblemthatshouldn'tbeoverlookedintheauthor’sopinion?
A.wedon’tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot
B.youngpeoplecan'treasonablydefinethemselves
C.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter
D.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged
10.WhichisNOTmentionedab
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高中英语 阅读 理解 说明文 练习题