胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题
第一章:
语言学导论
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman
A.contact
C.relation
B.communication
D.community
2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?
A.tree
C.crash
B.typewriter
D.bang
3.Thefunctionof
thesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.i”s
A.interrogative
C.informative
B.directive
D.performative
4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal
C.Performative
B.Emotive
D.Recreational
5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability
C.Displacement
B.Duality
D.Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctions
oflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn
'tit?
Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive
C.Performative
B.Phatic
D.Interpersonal
7.referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageusesrknowledge
oftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.Performance
C.Langue
B.Competence
D.Parole
8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.
Itcouldn'tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof.
A.culturaltransmissionB.productivity
C.displacementD.duality
9.answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirst
language.
A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics
C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics
10.dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularly
education.
A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics
C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.
17..DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare'stimeisanexample
ofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.
20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
III.Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansofcommunication.
22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed.
23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis.
24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthetheory.
25.Linguisticsisthestudyoflanguage.
26.Modernlinguisticsisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscover
whatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.
27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofover
writing.
28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.
29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.referstotheabstract
linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's
IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31.Designfeature
32.Displacement
33.Competence
34.Synchroniclinguistics
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
第二章:
语音
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Pitchvariationisknownaswhenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice
2.Conventionallyaisputinslashes(//).
A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme
3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpareofthep
phoneme.
A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones
4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas.
A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula
5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownasdiphthongs.
A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering
6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled.
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs
C.phonesD.allophones
7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics
C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove
8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]
9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]
10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.
14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.
15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.
18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.
19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.
20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)
21.Consonantsoundscanbeeitheror,whileallvowel
soundsare.
22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing
23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionoftheandthelips.
24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthetowhichthatpartof
thetongueisraised.
25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout
26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating.
27.InEnglishthereareanumberof,whichareproducedbymoving
fromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.
28.referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluence
oftheirneighbors.
29.isthesmallestlinguisticunit.
30.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthecomingfromthelungs.
IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31.Soundassimilation
32.Suprasegmentalfeature
33.Complementarydistribution
34.Distinctivefeatures
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.Whatisacousticphonetics?
(中国人民大学,2003)
36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?
(南开04)
VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:
voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.(青岛海洋大学,1999)
(1)voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop
(2)lowfrontvowel
(3)lateralliquid
(4)velarnasal
(5)voicedinterdentalfricative
第三章:
词汇
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords
C.functionwordsD.formwords
2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled
morpheme.
A.inflectionalC.bound
B.free
D.derivational
3.Therearemorphemesintheworddenationalization.
A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six
4.InEnglish-seand-ionarecalled.
A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems
5.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:
prefix,suffixand.
A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix
C.infixD.back-formation
6.isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexisting
wordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.
A.affixationB.back-formation
C.insertionD.addition
7.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof.
A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending
8.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby.
A.blendingB.clippingC.back-f
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