现代大学英语精读5课文.docx
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现代大学英语精读5课文.docx
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现代大学英语精读5课文
MartinLutherKingSpeech-Wheredowegofromhere
SouthernChristianLeadershipConference
Atlanta,Georgia
16August1967
Now,inordertoanswerthequestion,"Wheredowegofromhere?
"whichisourtheme,wemustfirsthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.WhentheConstitutionwaswritten,astrangeformulatodeterminetaxesandrepresentationdeclaredthattheNegrowas60percentofaperson.Todayanothercuriousformulaseemstodeclareheis50percentofaperson.Ofthegoodthingsinlife,theNegrohasapproximatelyonehalfthoseofwhites.Ofthebadthingsoflife,hehastwicethoseofwhites.ThushalfofallNegroesliveinsubstandardhousing.AndNegroeshavehalftheincomeofwhites.Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.Therearetwiceasmanyunemployed.TherateofinfantmortalityamongNegroesisdoublethatofwhitesandtherearetwiceasmanyNegroesdyinginVietnamaswhitesinproportiontotheirsizeinthepopulation.
2Inotherspheres,thefiguresareequallyalarming.Inelementaryschools,Negroeslagonetothreeyearsbehindwhites,andtheirsegregatedschoolsreceivesubstantiallylessmoneyperstudentthanthewhiteschools.OnetwentiethasmanyNegroesaswhitesattendcollege.OfemployedNegroes,75percentholdmenial(卑贱的)jobs.
3Thisiswhereweare.Wheredowegofromhere?
First,wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.Wemuststandupamidst(尽管存在…情况)asystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopanunassailable(攻不破的)andmajesticsenseofvalues.Wemustnolongerbeashamedofbeingblack.Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeoplethathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobodyisnoteasy.
Depiction描写叙述ofBlacknessandNegroContributions
4Evensemanticshaveconspiredtomakethatwhichisblackseemuglyanddegrading.InRoget'sThesaurus(同义词词典)thereare120synonymsforblacknessandatleast60ofthemareoffensive,asforexample,blot(污渍),soot(煤烟),(grim)糟糕的,devil(魔鬼)andfoul.Andtherearesome134synonymsforwhitenessandallarefavorable,expressedinsuchwordsaspurity,cleanliness,chastity(贞洁淳朴)andinnocence.Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.Themostdegenerate(堕落的)memberofafamilyisa"blacksheep.(害群之马)"OssieDavishassuggestedthatmaybetheEnglishlanguageshouldbereconstructedsothatteacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochild60waystodespise(鄙视)himself,andtherebyperpetuate使永存hisfalsesenseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofsuperiority.
5ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'scontributiontoAmericanlifeandto(striphimof剥夺)hispersonhood(人格),isasoldastheearliesthistoryhooksandascontemporaryasthemorning'snewspaper.Toupsetthisculturalhomicide(杀人行为),theNegromustriseup(起义)withanaffirmation(主张)ofhisownOlympian(庄严的)manhood(人格).AnymovementfortheNegro'sfreedomthatoverlooks(忽视)thisnecessityisonlywaitingtobeburied.Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.NoLincolnian(林肯作风的)Emancipation(解放)Proclamation(宣告)orJohnsonianCivilRightsBillcantotallybringthiskindoffreedom.TheNegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeing(他自己的生存)andsignswiththepenandinkofassertive(坚定而自信的)manhoodhisownEmancipationProclamation.And,withaspiritstraining(变形)towardtrueself-esteem,theNegromustboldlythrowoffthemanacles(手铐)ofself-abnegation(自欺欺人)andsaytohimselfandtotheworld,"Iamsomebody.Iamaperson.Iamamanwithdignityandhonor.Ihavearichandnoblehistory.Howpainfulandexploited(剥削的)thathistoryhasbeen.Yes,IwasaslavethroughmyforeparentsandIamnotashamedofthat.I'mashamedofthepeoplewhoweresosinfultomakemeaslave."Yes,wemuststandupandsay,"I'mblackandI'mbeautiful,"andthisself-affirmationistheblackman'sneed,madecompelling(必须承认的)bythewhiteman'scrimesagainsthim.
6Anotherbasicchallengeistodiscoverhowtoorganizeourstrengthintermsofeconomicandpoliticalpower.NoonecandenythattheNegroisindireneedof(急需)thiskindoflegitimatepower.Indeed,oneofthegreatproblemsthattheNegroconfrontsishislackofpower.Fromoldplantations(种植园)oftheSouthtonewerghettos(贫民区)oftheNorth,theNegrohasbeenconfinedtoalifeofvoicelessness沉默andpowerlessness.Strippedoftherighttomakedecisionsconcerninghislifeanddestiny命运hehasbeensubjecttotheauthoritarian(专制独裁者)andsometimeswhimsical(异想天开的)decisionsofthiswhitepowerstructure.Theplantationandghettowerecreatedbythosewhohadpower.bothtoconfinethosewhohadnopowerandtoperpetuatetheirpowerlessness.Theproblemoftransformingtheghetto,therefore,isaproblemofpowerconfrontation(对抗)oftheforcesofpowerdemandingchangeandtheforcesofpowerdedicatedtothepreservingofthestatusquo.Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodisnothingbuttheabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,politicalandeconomicchange.WalterReutherdefinedpoweroneday.Hesaid,"PoweristheabilityofalaborunionliketheU.A.W.tomakethemostpowerfulcorporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'Yes'whenitwantstosay'No.'That'spower."
7Nowalotofusarepreachers(说教者),andallofushaveourmoralconvictionsandconcerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.Thereisnothingwrongwithpowerifpowerisusedcorrectly.Yousee,whathappenedisthatsomeofourphilosophersgotoffbase.Andoneofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpowerhaveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites-polaroppositethatloveisidentifiedwitharesignation(顺从)ofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.
8ItwasthismisinterpretationthatcausedNietzsche尼采,whowasaphilosopherofthewilltopower,torejecttheChristianconceptoflove.ItwasthissamemisinterpretationwhichinducedChristiantheologians(神学家)torejecttheNietzscheanphilosophyofthewilltopowerinthenameoftheChristianideaoflove.Now,we'vegottogetthisthingright.Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisreckless(轻率鲁莽的)andabusive(攻击性的),andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic(贫血的).Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Andthisiswhatwemustseeaswemoveon.Whathashappenedisthatwehavehaditwrongandconfusedinourowncountry,andthishasledNegroAmericansinthepasttoseektheirgoalsthroughpowerdevoid(缺乏)ofloveandconscience.
9ThisisleadingafewextremiststodaytoadvocateforNegroesthesamedestructiveandconsciencelesspowerthattheyhavejustlyabhorred(厌恶)inwhites.Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.↑politicalpower
10Wemustdevelopaprogramthatwilldrivethenationtoaguaranteedannualincome.Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwithridiculeanddenunciation(谴责),asdestructiveofinitiativeandresponsibility.Atthattimeeconomicstatuswasconsideredthemeasureoftheindividual'sabilityandtalents.And,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrious(勤劳的)habitsandmoralfiber.We'vecomealongwayinourunderstandingofhumanmotivationandoftheblindoperationofoureconomicsystem.Nowwerealizethatdislocations(脱位混乱)inthemarketoperationsofoureconomyandtheprevalenceofdiscriminationthrustpeopleinto(投身于)idleness(闲散)andbindtheminconstantorfrequentunemploymentagainsttheirwill.Todaythepoorarelessoftendismissed,Ihope,fromourconsciencesbybeingbrandedasinferiororincompetent.Wealsoknowthatnomatterhowdynamicallytheeconomydevelopsandexpands,itdoesnoteliminateallpoverty.
11Theproblemindicatesthatouremphasismustbetwofold.Wemustcreatefullemploymentorwemustcreateincomes.Peoplemustbemadeconsumersbyonemethodortheother.Oncetheyareplacedinthispositionweneedtobeconcernedthatthepotentialoftheindividualisnotwasted.Newformsofworkthatenhancethesocialgoodwillhavetobedevisedforthoseforwhomtraditionaljobsarenotavailable.InI879HenryGeorgeanticipated(预料,预见)thisstateofaffairswhenhewroteinProgressandPoverty:
12Thefactisthattheworkwhichimprovestheconditionofmankind,theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenrichesliteratureandelevatesthought,isnotdonetosecurealiving.Itisnottheworkofslavesdriventotheirtaskseitherbythetask,bythetaskmaster(工头),orbyanimalnecessity.Itistheworkofmenwhosomehowfindaformofworkthatbringsasecurityforitsownsakeandastateofsocietywherewant(缺乏)isabolished.
13Workofthissortcouldbeenormouslyincreased,andwearelikelytofindthattheproblemsofhousingandeducation,insteadofprecedingtheeliminationofpoverty,willthemselvesbeaffectedifpovertyisfirstabolished.Thepoortransformedintopurchaserswilldoagreatdealontheirown(靠自己的力量)toalterhousingdecay.Negroeswhohaveadoubledisabilitywillhaveagreatereffectondiscriminationwhentheyhavetheadditionalweaponofcashtouseintheirstruggle.
14Beyondtheseadvantages,ahostof(大量的)positivepsychologicalchangesinevitablywillresultfromwidespreadeconomicsecurity.Thedignityoftheindividualwillflourishwhenthedecisionsconcerninghislifeareinhisownhands,
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