黎孝先国际贸易实务.docx
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黎孝先国际贸易实务.docx
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黎孝先国际贸易实务
黎孝先国际贸易实务
THEPRACTICEOFINTERNATIONALTRADE
Programmer:
ZhouMingzhi
Majorsapplicable:
InternationalEconomicsandInternationalTrade
Hoursplanned:
48
Referencebooks:
WangHaiyan,LiuYingchun,ThePracticeofInternationalTradeDalian
MaritimeUniversityPress,firstpublication2004.
黎孝先《国际贸易实务》,对外贸易教育出版社,2000年。
吴百福《进出口贸易实务教程》,上海人民出版社,2001年第三版。
Preface:
1(Maintasksofthiscourse
Themaintasksofthiscoursearestudyingandanalyzingfromboththeeconomicandlegalpointsofviewthevariouspracticeofinternationalcommoditiesexchange,summerizingChina’s
practicalexperienceofdoinginternationaltrade,sothatstudentsareableto,afterlearningthiscourse,doimportandexportbusinessflexiblyinthewaysacceptableinternationallywhilecarryingoutourforeigntradepolicyproperlyandcreatethebesteconomicefficiency.2(Generalgoalstobeachieved
Specifically,thefollowingcontentsaretobemasteredwhenstudyingthiscourse:
thebasicproceduresandmethodsofinternationaltrade,thecontentsofanimportandanexportcontract,includingthenameandspecificationofcommodity,thepriceandtradeterms,transportation,insurance,paymentterms,claimandarbitration,andforcemajeureclause,andwaysofnegotiating(offer,counter-offerandacceptance)andexecutionofaninternationalcontract.Buildingupthestudents’actualoperationalabilityofdoingbusinessandmakingoutdocumentsforsettlingpaymentisthebasicrequirementandthegeneralgoalofthiscourse.3(Principleofediting
Thisoutlineisbasedonthe2005teachingprogramfortheinternationaleconomicandtrademajorsofZZIA.
4(Suggestions
Thiscourseshouldbeprecededbywesterneconomics,internationallaws,international
financeandmerchandizing
Case-analyzingteachingmethodandoperation-mockaidedteachingsystemshouldtobe
usedinteachingprocess.
Moreteachingoursshouldbeaddedforthiscoursewhenusingtheaboveteaching
method
5(Teachingours’arrangement
ChaptersContentsTotalRemarks
hoursClassPractice
teaching
Chapter1Preface22
Chapter2Commodityanddescription66
Chapter3Tradetermsandprice642
Chapter4Transportationofgoods642
Chapter5Insuranceofgoodsintransit44
Chapter6Payment642
Chapter7Inspection,claims,arbitration44
andforcemajeure
Chapter8BusinessNegotiationand642
conclusionofacontract
Chapter9Performanceofacontract44
Chapter10Modesofint’ltrade,newint’l22
standards&E-commerce
6(Maincontentofeachchapter
Chapter1preface(2hours)
Aimofteaching:
Toprovidethestudentswithageneralprofileofthiscoursebybrieflyintroducingthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,themaincontentsandmethodsofteaching,thesignificancesandwaysofinternationaltrade,soastoarousetheirinterestinlearningthiscourseandlayasolidfoundationforfurtherteachingandstudying.
Contentofthischapter:
Thiscourse,thepracticeofinternationaltrade,isanappliedcourse,whichinvolvesin
contactswithforeigncountries,thusforeigntradepoliciesandinternationaltradelawsandpracticesastheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsand
China’sContractLaw.So,itismuchmorecomplicated,risky,timeconsuminganddifficultthandoingdomestictrade.Therefore,weshouldkeepakeeneyeonthedevelopmentofbothinternationalandourcountry’spoliciesandChina’sforeigntradepractice.Difficultandimportant
points:
thecharacteristicsofinternationaltrade.
Chapter2CommodityandDescription(6hours)
Aimofteaching
Studythewaysofdescribingcommoditiesincontractsandrelevantlawsondescription.Contentofthischapter:
Section1Nameofcommodityandquality
Thenameofthecommodityinacontractmustbeclearlydefined,indetails
andwithspecificationsifneeded,andshouldbeinconformitywith
internationalpractice.
Thequalityofgoodsreferstotheinnerquality,constructions,chemical
contentsanditsouterfeaturesascolor,shapeandsoon.Differentqualityand
nameofcommodityhasdifferentvalueandprice.Thedescriptionofgoods
andtheirqualityinthecontractarethebasicconditionsondelivery.
Thesubsequentconsequencesofviolationofthecontractclausesofnameand
qualityinperformingcontract.
Waysofspecifyingthequalityincontract
(1)Salesbysample:
bythesellers’,thebuyers’orcounter-sample
(2)Salesbydescription:
byspecifications,standard,brand,grade,origin
descriptioninwordsordiagrametc.
Section2Quantityofcommodity
Theclauseconcerningthequantityofgoodsisoneofthemost
importantonesinthesalescontractandservesasthebasesof
deliveringandaccepting.
Legalconsequencesofviolatingthequantityclauseofthe
contractbythesellers.
Measuringunitscommonlyusedincontractsofinternational
sales:
theBritishsystem,Americansystem,metricsystemandthe
internationalsystem.
Waysofmeasuringgoodsbyweight:
grossweight,netweight,
conditionedweightandtheoreticalweight.
Quantitytolerance:
approximate,moreorlessinquantityand
price.
Section3Packing
1.Packinghasthefollowingfunctions:
protectingcargo,facilitatinghandlingandtransportationandpromotingsales.Packingcanbedividedintotransportationpackingandsalespackingaccordingtothepurposeofpacking.Onthesurfaceofpacking,thereareusuallymarkswhichareclassifiedintoshippingmarks,indicativemarksandwarningmarks.ThestandardshippingmarksrecommendedbytheISO.
2.Maincontentofthepackingclauseinasalescontract:
packingmaterials,methodsofpackingandpackingfees.Thecostpfpackingisusuallyincludedinthepriceofthegoodsquoted,but,ifthebuyerhasspecialrequirementsinexcessoftheusualpacking,theextrafeesareusuallybornbythebuyerandthecontractshouldbesostipulated.
Importantanddifficultpoints:
Qualitytoleranceandqualitylatitude:
conditionedweight,approximateweightandquantitylatitude,shippingmarksandneutralpacking.
Chapter3TradeTermsandPricing(6hrs)
Aimofteachingandrequirement:
Tradetermsareimportantpointsinthiscourse.Studentsarerequiredtomasteratleastthemostfrequentlyusedthreeterms:
FOB,CFRandCIFininternationaltradeandotherthreenewerterms:
FCA,CPTandCIPwhicharebecomingmoreandmorepopularinworldtrade.Studentsshouldbeabletousethesetermsfreelyandmakeofferscorrectlyinaccordancewiththeinternationaltradepractices.
Maincontentofthischapter
Section1definitionoftradetermsandtherelevantinternationalpractices
1.tradetermsareusedtodividetheriskliabilitiesbetweenthebuyerandtheseller,
determinethebearersoffeesandthetimeandplaceoftransferenceofthetitleto
thegoods.
2.themostinfluentialinternationaltradepracticesontradeterms.
(1)Warsaw-OxfordRules1932.ItwasworkedoutandrevisedbytheInternational
LawAssociationtoexplainCIFtermwithdetailsontheessenceoftheCIF
contract;risks,liabilitiesandfeesbornbybothparties,andwaysoftransference
oftitletothegoods.
(2)theRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941.Itincludessixtradeterms
anddefinedFOBindetailwithsixdifferentdefinitions.Ithasacertaininfluence
inNorthAmericaandLatinAmerica.
(3)InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms2000-International
CommercialTermsforShort(Incoterms2000).Thisisthemostfrequentlyused
andmostpopularinternationalpracticeintheworldtoday.Itisthelatestrevision
bytheInternationalChamberofCommerce.Itincludes13tradetermsthatare
usuallydividedintofourgroupsnamelytheE,F,C,Dgroupwhichstandfor
Departure,Maincarriageunpaid,MaincarriagepaidandArrivalrespectively.Section2Maintradeterms
Thissectionmainlyintroducessixmainterms:
FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPTandCIPoftheIncoterms2000.Underthefirstthreetermsthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentwhileunderthelastthreeonesthesellerdeliversthegoodswhentheyarehandedovertothecarriernominatedbyhim.Theimportantpointsarethefirstthreetermswhichareusuallycalled“theoldthreeterms”,
butthelastthreeonesarebecomingincreasinglyimportantwiththedevelopmentofcontainerizationandcombinedmodesoftransportationininternationaltrade.1.thethreemostpopularterms:
FOB,CFRandCIF
Weshouldpayattentiontotheirdefinitions,variationformsandtheirdifferencewiththeexplanationsofFOBtermintheRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941.
WhenusingFOBtermspecialattentionsshouldbepaidtothedefinitionof“passthe
ship’srail”,theconnectionofgoodswiththecarryingvesselandtheproblemofbearingthefeesofloadingwhencharteringaship.
UnderCFR,asthesellerdeliversthegoodsatnamedtheportofshipment,theproblemastowhobearstheunloadingchargesshouldbemadeclearunderacharteringparty,anditisofvitalimportanceforthesellertonoticethebuyertheexacttimeofshipmentwhencompletedsothatthebuyerwon’tlosttimetoeffectinsuranceforthegoods
delivered.
WithCIF,thecoverageofinsurance,bookingshippingspace,bearingofunloadingfeesundervoyagecharterpartyandsymbolicdeliveryareimportantissuesthatmustbeclarifiedtobothparties.
2.threecommonlyusedtradetermsunderwhichthesellerdeliverstothecarrier
nominatedbyhim.
DefinitionsofFCA,CPTandCIP
PointstonoteusingFCA,CPTandCIP:
Differentplaceso
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