曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库.docx
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曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库.docx
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曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库
Chapter10
Externalities
TRUE/FALSE
1.Marketssometimesfailtoallocateresourcesefficiently.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
MarketfailureMSC:
Interpretive
2.Whenatransactionbetweenabuyerandsellerdirectlyaffectsathirdparty,theeffectiscalledanexternality.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Definitional
3.Buyersandsellersneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractionswhendecidinghowmuchtodemandorsupply.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Interpretive
4.Inamarketcharacterizedbyexternalities,themarketequilibriumfailstomaximizethetotalbenefittosocietyasawhole.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Definitional
5.Inamarketwithpositiveexternalities,themarketequilibriumquantitymaximizesthewelfareofsocietyasawhole.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Interpretive
6.Barkingdogscannotbeconsideredanexternalitybecauseexternalitiesmustbeassociatedwithsomeformofmarketexchange.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
7.Thesocialcostofpollutionincludestheprivatecostsoftheproducersplusthecoststothosebystandersadverselyaffectedbythepollution.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Definitional
8.Organizersofanoutdoorconcertinaparksurroundedbyresidentialneighborhoodsarelikelytoconsiderthenoiseandtrafficcosttoresidentialneighborhoodswhentheyassessthefinancialviabilityoftheconcertventure.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
NegativeexternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
9.Whenadriverentersacrowdedhighwayheincreasesthetraveltimesofallotherdriversonthehighway.Thisisanexampleofanegativeexternality.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Interpretive
10.Whenfirmsinternalizeanegativeexternality,themarketsupplycurveshiftstotheleft.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
NegativeexternalitiesMSC:
Analytical
11.Governmentsubsidizedscholarshipsareanexampleofagovernmentpolicyaimedatcorrectingnegativeexternalitiesassociatedwitheducation.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
PositiveexternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
12.Acongestiontollimposedonahighwaydrivertoforcethedrivertotakeintoaccounttheincreaseintraveltimesheimposesonallotherdriversisanexampleofinternalizingtheexternality.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
13.Negativeexternalitiesleadmarketstoproduceasmallerquantityofagoodthanissociallydesirable,whilepositiveexternalitiesleadmarketstoproducealargerquantityofagoodthanissociallydesirable.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
Negativeexternalities|PositiveexternalitiesMSC:
Interpretive
14.Thegovernmentcaninternalizeexternalitiesbytaxinggoodsthathavenegativeexternalitiesandsubsidizinggoodsthathavepositiveexternalities.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
Negativeexternalities|PositiveexternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
15.Ifthesocialvalueofproducingrobotsisgreaterthantheprivatevalueofproducingrobots,theprivatemarketproducestoofewrobots.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
Positiveexternalities|TechnologyspilloversMSC:
Analytical
16.Thepatentsystemgivesfirmsgreaterincentivetoengageinresearchandotheractivitiesthatadvancetechnology.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TechnologyspilloversMSC:
Applicative
17.Governmentinterventionintheeconomywiththegoalofpromotingtechnology-producingindustriesisknownaspatentpolicy.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
IndustrialpolicyMSC:
Definitional
18.Atechnologyspilloverisatypeofnegativeexternality.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TechnologyspilloversMSC:
Interpretive
19.Evenifpossible,itwouldbeinefficienttoprohibitallpollutingactivity.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
20.Whencorrectingforanexternality,command-and-controlpoliciesarealwayspreferabletomarket-basedpolicies.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
Command-and-controlpolicies|CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
21.Correctivetaxesenhanceefficiency,butthecosttoadministerthemexceedstherevenuetheyraiseforthegovernment.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
22.Correctivetaxescausedeadweightlosses,reducingeconomicefficiency.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
23.Mosteconomistspreferregulationtotaxationbecauseregulationcorrectsmarketinefficienciesatalowercostthantaxationdoes.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Applicative
24.Acorrectivetaxplacesapriceontherighttopollute.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
25.Accordingtorecentresearch,thegastaxintheUnitedStatesislowerthantheoptimallevel.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
KEY:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Applicative
26.Theleastexpensivewaytocleanuptheenvironmentisforallfirmstoreducepollutionbyanequalpercentage.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CorrectivetaxesMSC:
Interpretive
27.Correctivetaxesaremoreefficientthanregulationsforkeepingtheenvironmentclean.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
Correctivetaxes|TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
28.Amarketforpollutionpermitscanefficientlyallocatetherighttopollutebyusingtheforcesofsupplyanddemand.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
29.Economistsbelievethattheoptimallevelofpollutioniszero.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Interpretive
30.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)cannotreachatargetlevelofpollutionthroughtheuseofpollutionpermits.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
31.Socialwelfarecanbeenhancedbyallowingfirmstotradetheirrightstopollute.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
32.Firmsthatcanreducepollutioneasilywouldbewillingtoselltheirpollutionpermits.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
33.Oneexampleofareal-worldmarketfortradablepollutionpermitsisthemarketforcarbonpermitsinEurope.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
TradablepollutionpermitsMSC:
Applicative
34.Governmentcanbeusedtosolveexternalityproblemsthataretoocostlyforprivatepartiestosolve.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Interpretive
35.Governmentinterventionisnecessarytocorrectallexternalities.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
10-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
ExternalitiesMSC:
Applicative
36.AccordingtotheCoasetheorem,ifprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcost,thentheprivatemarketwillsolvetheproblemofexternalities.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CoasetheoremMSC:
Definitional
37.AccordingtotheCoasetheorem,theprivatemarketwillneedgovernmentinterventioninordertoreachanefficientoutcome.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
10-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CoasetheoremMSC:
Definitional
38.DespitetheappealinglogicoftheCoasetheorem,privateactorsoftenfailtoresolveontheirowntheproblemscausedbyexternalities.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
10-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities
TOP:
CoasetheoremMSC:
Applicative
39.AccordingtotheCoaseTheorem,individualscanalwaysworkoutamutuallybeneficialagreementtosolvetheproblemsofexternalitiesevenwhenhightransactioncostsareinvolve
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