考研英语一真题与答案解析.docx
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考研英语一真题与答案解析.docx
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考研英语一真题与答案解析
2021年考研英语
(一)真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank
andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexercise
precioustohealth.B〞ut_____someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyh
aslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_____short-termchangesin
thefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,____heartrateandoxygenc
onsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto____,agoodlaughisunl
ikelytohave_____benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
____,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughte
rapparentlyaccomplishesthe____,studiesdatingbacktothe1930?
sindicate
thatlaughter.muscles,
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp____theeffectsofpsychologic
alstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___
___feedback,thatimproveanindividual?
semotionalstate.______oneclassicalth
eoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_______physicalreactions.It
wasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry______they
aresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso_______tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanf
low_____muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsych
ologistFritz.
1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
1
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbyc
hoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40
points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne
xtmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe
suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.Forthemostpart,theresp
onsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
〞wroteAnthonyT
ommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,howeve
r,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadv
ocatedGilbert?
sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicia
nwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.〞Asadescriptionofthe
nextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusiciansli
keGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleast
someTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororeven
agoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcom
positions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhe
reelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomy
CDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfr
omiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive
performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthea
rt-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperaho
uses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorde
dperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecor
dingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticq
2
ualitythantoday?
sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed〞ata
timeandplaceofthelistener?
schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchr
ecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalcl
assicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenew
musicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert?
sowninterestinnewmusic
hasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhim
asamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydiffer
ent,morevibrantorganization.Bu〞twhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra?
srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertand
thePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetwe
enAmerica?
soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert?
sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert?
sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfe
els
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
3
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,
hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinth
eusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursue
mygoalofrunningacompany.〞Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchm
ydecision,M〞cGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttime
withtheboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOa
ndchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflect
onwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetoth
eoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn?
talone.Inrecentweeks
theNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanation
thattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplans
inresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon?
tgetthenodalsom
aywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanage
rscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybem
orewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnove
rwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleadersth
eyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitie
swillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconve
ntional.Foryearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthe
mostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKor
n/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
〞cIan?
tthinkofasinglesearchI?
vedone
whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.〞
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven?
talwayslandedintoppositionsq
uickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewant
edtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-base
dcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambiti
onstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthr
eeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefin
ancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveaba
done.“Thetraditionalrulewasit?
ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat?
sbe
enfundamentallyinverted,s〞aysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho?
vebeenhur
ttheworstarethosewho?
vestayedtoolong.〞
4
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescrib
edasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives?
quittingmaybespurred
by
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached(〞Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
[D]it?
ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]CEOs:
WheretoGo?
[B]CEOs:
AlltheWayUp?
[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet
[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers
Text3
Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyou
paidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid〞media–suchastelevisioncomm
ercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycan
exploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaprodu
ctmaycreate“owned〞mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsale
stocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproach
thebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.
Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownpr
oducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers?
respon
ses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer?
sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer?
5
spaidmedia–forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonits
Website.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostr
ongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithint
hatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively
beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwill
nodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,
astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetiti
veproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakes
thesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinfor
mationabouttheappealofothercompanies?
marketing,andmayhelpexpand
usertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.
Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswit
hmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheris
kthatpassionat
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