Robert Lee Frost.docx
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Robert Lee Frost.docx
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RobertLeeFrost
RobertLeeFrost(1874-1963)
1.Frostisanimportantandmostpopularpoetinthe20thcentury.HewonthePulitzerPrizefourtimesandreadpoetryattheinaugurationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedyin1961.
2.HispoetryfocusesonthelandscapeandpeopleinNewEngland.
3.HecombinedtraditionalverseformswithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm,forminghisowncharacteristics.
4.Profoundideasareconveyedunderthedisguiseoftheplainlanguageandsimpleform.
5.IfAmericanhadanationalpoetinthe20thcentury,itiscertainlyRobertFrost.
6.NewEnglandpoet”
7.RobertFrostwasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthiscentury.
8.receivedfourPulitzerPrizesforhispoetry:
TheRoadNotTaken
MendingWall
FireandIce
AcquaintedwiththeNight
Personallife
RobertFrost'spersonallifewasplaguedwithgriefandloss.In1885whenFrostwas11,hisfatherdiedoftuberculosis,leavingthefamilywithjusteightdollars.Frost'smotherdiedofcancerin1900.In1920,FrosthadtocommithisyoungersisterJeanietoamentalhospital,whereshediednineyearslater.MentalillnessapparentlyraninFrost'sfamily,asbothheandhismothersufferedfromdepression,andhisdaughterIrmawascommittedtoamentalhospitalin1947.Frost'swife,Elinor,alsoexperiencedboutsofdepression.
ElinorandRobertFrosthadsixchildren:
sonElliot(1896–1904,diedofcholera);daughterLesleyFrostBallantine(1899–1983);sonCarol(1902–1940,committedsuicide);daughterIrma(1903–1967);daughterMarjorie(1905–1934,diedasaresultofpuerperalfeverafterchildbirth);anddaughterElinorBettina(diedjustthreedaysafterherbirthin1907).OnlyLesleyandIrmaoutlivedtheirfather.Frost'swife,whohadheartproblemsthroughoutherlife,developedbreastcancerin1937,anddiedofheartfailurein1938.
Hismajorworks:
HisfirstbookABoy'sWill(1913),whoselyricstraceaboy'sdevelopmentfromself-centeredidealismtomaturity,ismarkedbyanintensebutrestrainedemotionandthecharacteristicflavorofNewEng1andlife.
Hissecondbook,avolumeofpoemsNorthofBoston(1914),isdescribedbytheauthoras"abookofpeople,"whichshowsabrilliantinsightintoNewEnglandcharacterandthebackgroundthatformedit.Manyofhismajorpoemsarecollectedinthisvolume,suchas"MendingtheWall,"inwhichFrostsawmanaslearningfromnaturethezonesofhisown1imitations,and"HomeBuria1,"whichprobesthedarkercornersofindividuallivesinasituationwheremancannotacceptthefactsofhiscondition.
MountainInterval(19l6)containssuchcharacteristicpoemsas"TheRoadNotTaken,""Birches".NewHampshire(1923)thatwonFrostthefirstoffourPulitzerPrizesincludes"StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening",whichstemsfromtheambiguityofthespeaker'schoicebetweensafetyandtheunknown.
ThecollectionWest-RunningBrook(1928)posesdisturbinguncertaintiesaboutman'sprowessandimportance.
CollectedPoems(l930)andAFurtherRange(1935)gatheredFrost'ssecondandthirdPulitzerPrizes.Bothtranslatemodernupheavalintopoeticmateria1thepoetcouldskillfullycontrol.
AFurtherRange(1935)gatheredFrost'ssecondandthirdPulitzerPrizes.Bothtranslatemodernupheavalintopoeticmateria1thepoetcouldskillfullycontrol.
Frost'sfourthPulitzerPrizewasawardedforAWitnessTree(l942)whichincludes"TheGiftOutright,"(彻底的礼物)thepoemhelaterrecitedatPresidentKennedy'sinauguration.Frosttookupareligiousquestionmostnotablyin"AfterApple-Picking:
"canaman'sbesteffortseversatisfyGod?
AMasqueofReason(l945)andAMasqueofMercy(1947)arecomic-seriousdramaticnarratives,inbothofwhichbiblicalcharactersinmodernsettingsdiscussethicsandman'sre1ationstoGod.
1.thesubjectmattersofhispoetry:
(1)RobertFrostismainlyknownforhispoemsconcerningNewEnglandlife.GenerallyFrostisconsideredaregionalpoetwhosesubjectmattersmainlyfocusonthelandscapeandpeopleinNewEngland.Thesethematicconcernsincludetheterrorandtragedyinnature,aswellasitsbeauty,andthe1onelinessandpovertyoftheisolatedhumanbeing.ButfirstandforemostFrostisconcernedwithhisloveoflifeandhisbeliefinaserenitythatonlycamefromworkingusefully,whichhepracticedhimselfthroughouthislife.
(2)Frostwrotemanypoemsthatinvestigatethebasicthemesofman'slife:
theindividual'srelationshipstohimself,tohisfellow-man,toworld,andtohisGod.Profoundmeaningsarehiddenunderneaththeplainlanguageandsimpleform.Hispoetry,byusingnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol,oftenprobesmysteriesofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniversewhenmenstandalone,unaidedandperplexed.
Frost'sstyleinlanguage:
1.Byusingsimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythms,Frostachievedaneffortlessgraceinhisstyle.
2.Hecombinedtraditiona1verseforms--thesonnet,rhymingcoup1ets,blankversewithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm,thespeechofNewEnglandfarmerswithitsidiosyncratic(特殊的)dictionandsyntax.
3.Inverseformhewasassorted;hewroteinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,andsometimeshewroteinaformthatborrowsfreelyfromthemeritsofboth,inaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.
Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.InEnglish,themetermostcommonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter(asusedinShakespeareanplays).
五步抑扬格(iambicpenta-meter)有以下几个特点:
1.每一行诗有十个音节。
2.每十个音节中分五个音步。
3.每一个音步有两个音节,重音落在第二个音节上。
SelectedReadings:
l.AfterApple-Picking
Thispoemissovividamemoryofexperienceonthefarminwhichtheendoflaborleavesthespeakerwithasenseofcompletionandfulfillmentyetfindshimblockedfromsuccessbywinter'sapproachandphysicalweariness.Ontheonehand,Frostexpressedhisloveoflifeandhisbeliefinaserenitythatonlycamefromworkingusefully.Ontheotherhand,thepoetwasconcernedwithindividual'srelationshipstohimself,tohisfellow-man,toworld,andtohisGod.Hetookupareligiousquestion:
canaman'sbesteffortseversatisfyGod?
BesidesthisisatypicallyricpoemdescribingthepastorallandscapeinNewEngland.Symbolsandimagesfromthepastorallandscapetorefertothegreatworldbeyondtherusticscene.
Thelanguageofthispoemischaracterizedbysimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythms,thecombinationoftraditiona1verseforms--thesonnet,rhymingcoup1ets,blankversewiththespeechofNewEnglandfarmerswithitsidiosyncraticdictionandsyntax.Frostwroteinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,inaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.
TheRoadNotTaken
RobertFrost
TWOroadsdivergedinayellowwood
AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth
Andbeonetraveler,longIstood
AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould
Towhereitbentintheundergrowth
Thentooktheother,asjustasfair
Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim
Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear
Thoughasforthatthepassingthere
Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame
Andboththatmorningequallylay
Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack
Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday
Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway
IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback
Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh
Somewhereagesandageshence
Tworoadsdivergedinawood
andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby
Andthathasmadeallthedifference
2.TheRoadNotTaken
(1)Thetheme:
Thispoemseemstobeaboutthepoet,walkinginthewoodsinautumn,hesitatingforalongtimeandwonderingwhichroadheshouldtakesincetheyarebothpretty.Inreality,thisisameditativepoem.Itconcernstheimportantdecisionswhichonemusttakeinthecourseoflife,whenonemustgiveuponedesirablethinginordertopossessanother.Then,whatevertheoutcome,onemustaccepttheconsequencesofone'schoiceforitisnotpossibletogobackandhaveanotherchancetochoosedifferently.Inthepoem,hefollowedtheonewhichwasnotfrequentlytravelledby.Symbolically,hechosetofollowanunusual,solitarylife;perhapshewasspeakingofhischoicetobecomeapoetratherthansomecommonprofession.Buthealwaysrememberedtheroadwhichhemighthavetaken,andwhichwouldhavegivenhimadifferentkindoflife.
(2)Language:
Thispoemiswritteninclassicfive-linestanzas,withtherhymeschemea-b-a-a-bandconversationalrhythm.Thepoetuses"theroad"tosymbolizelife'sjourney
StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening[雪夜林边小驻]
---byRobertFrost
WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow,
我知道林子的主人是谁,
Hishouseisinthevillagethough.
虽村落是他所居之地。
Hewillnotseemestoppinghere,
他不会看到我停留于此,
Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.
凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。
Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer,
我的小马一定以我为怪,
Tostopwithoutafarmhousenear,
近无房舍,为何停伫。
Betweenthewoodsandfrozenlake,
况只有林子与冰湖,
Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.
和一年中最黑之夜。
Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake,
他轻摇铃具
Toaskifthereissomemistake.
询问有错与否。
Theonlyothersound'sthesweep,
唯一的回复来自,
Ofeasywindanddownyflake.
软雪和清风。
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.
林子很美——昏暗而幽深,
ButIhavepromisestokeep,
但我已有约定。
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.
沉醉前还有一段路要走
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep
沉醉前还有一段路要走。
3.StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening雪夜林边小伫
(1)Thetheme:
Thisisadeceptivelysimplepoeminwhichthespeakerliterallystopshishorseinthewintertwilighttoobservethebeautyoftheforestscene,andthenismovedtocontinuehisjourney.
(2)inthispoemthepoet
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